Cell Biology Commons^™

Investigating A Link Between Dna Repair And Dna Replication In Escherichia Coli Using A Bacterial Two-Hybrid System, Lo Cooper

University Honors Theses

Cells rely on nucleotide excision repair (NER) to remove bulky DNA lesions, such as those caused by UV light. In Escherichia coli, NER involves the UvrABC complex, and includes two main pathways, global genomic repair and transcription-coupled repair (TCR). While TCR, which preferentially removes lesions that block RNA polymerase on the transcribed strand of active genes, is well studied, less is known about whether a similar coupling between repair proteins and replisomes blocked by damaged DNA exists. Such a process has been suggested by a high throughput interactome study, using the replisome subunit HolC as bait and the damage …

Neovascular Pruning By Ido1 Inhibitors Can Potentiate Immunogenic Cytotoxicity Of Ischemia-Targeted Agents To Synergistically Enhance Anti-Pd-1 Responsiveness, Shih-Chun Shen, Souvik Dey, James B. Duhadaway, Erika Sutanto-Ward, Maurice T. Hampton, Serguei V. Kozlov, George C. Prendergast, Alexander J. Muller

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Strategies for deploying indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)-targeted therapies for use against cancer have focused on IDO1's role in promoting peripheral immune tolerance that shields tumors from effector T cells. However, preclinical investigation of both primary and metastatic tumor development in the lungs has uncovered a previously unappreciated role for IDO1 in directing a counterregulatory response to interferon (IFN)-γ that realigns the local inflammatory environment to promote tumor neovascularization. Understanding how to therapeutically leverage the ability of IDO1 inhibitors to subvert inflammatory neovascularization within the tumor microenvironment has potential ramifications for future clinical development of these compounds.

METHODS: Pulmonary metastases …

Mechanisms Of Placental Impairment And The Upregulation Of Fetuin-B During Maternal Undernourishment, Mia Camilliere

NYMC Student Theses and Dissertations

Proper nutrition is crucial during pregnancy to support fetal and placental development. Failure to meet these nutritional needs can result in adverse health outcomes for both mother and baby. Despite its high prevalence in underdeveloped countries, maternal undernourishment is a public health issue worldwide. There are several possible causes of maternal undernourishment, and these can occur alone or in combination, such as poor access to nutrition, hyperemesis gravidarum, and drug use. This condition can adversely affect placental development and function to the extent of placental insufficiency, perturbing the entire pregnancy. The placenta is responsible not only for hormonally and physically …

Investigating Genes Associated With Oncogenic Pka Activity In Fibrolamellar Carcinoma, Ananya Singh

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Fibrolamellar Carcinoma (FLC) is a rare liver cancer, predominantly affecting younger individuals with no history of primary liver disease. As FLC comprises only < 1% of all liver tumors, our understanding of its development and treatment are extremely limited. All clinical cases of FLC contain a specific DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion. The mutation produces an oncogenic form of Protein Kinase A (PKA), known as DNAJ-PKAc, with enhanced binding activity compared to wild-type PKA. Specifically, DNAJ-PKAc interacts with different substrates than wild type PKA, affecting downstream signaling pathways to promote cancer development. However, the genetic dependencies that result from oncogenic DNAJ-PKAc signaling are not known. In this paper, I will show the process of performing a genome-wide CRISPRi screen in AML12DNAJ-PKAc cells to identify genes associated with oncogenic DNAJ-PKAc signaling. I will detail the preliminary benchmarking experiments, the screening process, the preparation of genomic DNA for sequencing, and the ongoing validation of screen results. I anticipate that this project will discover genes whose knockdown inhibits oncogenic DNAJ-PKAc signaling and reduces cell growth exclusively in the presence of PKA. The identified genes could represent potential therapeutic targets for cancer drugs that inhibit FLC progression. However, additional research is necessary to characterize their interactions with DNAJ-PKAc and their specific role in FLC development.

The Impact Of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonist On Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Jeanne Michelle Dugas

Master's Theses

Obesity is a condition that affects over 40% of American adults and contributes to numerous preventable health issues. This condition is caused by increased adipose tissue, which forms when stem cells transform into adipocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells, including human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC), are multipotent with the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, or chondrocytes. Many factors affect this transformation, including the peptide growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). The main role of GHRH is to trigger the release of growth hormone, but it has also been found to play an important role in adipocyte metabolism. We expect that if the differentiation …

Myocardin Effector Proteins Affect Tgf-Beta-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation In Ipf Cells, Allison Gonzalez

Biotechnology Theses

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an incurable interstitial lung disease defined by the progressive, irreversible scarring of the tissues between the lung’s alveoli. To date, only two drugs have received approval for treatment. However, these medications are not considered cures since they do not stop the progression of the disease. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying IPF could aid in discovering a cure. We recently found that myocardin (MyoCD) regulates SMAD2/3 transcription factors in the TGF-β signaling pathway and governs the genes involved in pleural fibrosis. However, it is unclear whether MyoCD plays a critical role in IPF by …

Assessing The Efficiency Of Methotrexate (Mtx) As An Antiviral Drug Against Gammaherpes Virus Replication, Yennifer A. Gaspar Garcia

Honors Projects

It is estimated that ~15% of all cancers are caused by oncogenic virus infections. Two of the top seven cancer-causing human viruses are members of the gammaherpesvirus family: Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV). Our lab uses Murine Herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), a mouse gammaherpesvirus with shares significant genetic homology to KSHV and EBV, as a model system to understand how gammaherpesviruses alter the metabolism of their host during lytic infection to promote their replication. We recently metabolically profiled MHV-68 infected host cells at various time points during the lytic infectious cycle. Our data showed nucleotide metabolism is …

Targeting The Beiging Of Muscle-Associated Adipose Tissue To Promote Muscle Regeneration, Jacob C. Parson

WUSM Theses and Dissertations – All Programs

The expansion of intra-muscular adipose tissue (IMAT) between myofibers and epi-muscular adipose tissue (EMAT) outside of the muscle boundary accompanies numerous pathologies including diabetes, muscular dystrophy, and aging. IMAT and EMAT are anatomically juxtaposed to myofibers. Some evidence supports that IMAT and EMAT impede muscle function. This is potentially due to paracrine factors that are secreted by IMAT/EMAT. Different adipose depots can be classified in numerous ways including where they are located anatomically as well as the factors in which they secrete. Unlike classical white fat, adipose depots classified as brown or beige, noted by the marker uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) …

Peripheral Neuroimmune Mechanisms Of Chronic Back Pain, Aleyah Esther Goins

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Chronic back pain (CBP) affects 1 in 10 people worldwide, reducing mobility, productivity, and quality of life. Despite its prevalence, non-addictive treatments remain limited due to an incomplete understanding of chronic pain mechanisms. This dissertation examines peripheral neuroimmune interactions in CBP using a urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)-induced mouse model (uPA-CBP). uPA, a pro-inflammatory serine protease, was injected into the L2/L3 lumbar spinous ligament, inducing prolonged mechanical and cold hypersensitivity. Flow cytometry of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) showed increased CD45+CD11b+ myeloid cells in males and CD45+CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes in females. DRG neurons from male uPA-CBP mice exhibited heightened action potential firing. Pharmacological …

Assessing The Effects Of Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia On Amyloid Beta Accumulation And Cognitive Behavior In A Mouse Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease-Related Pathology, Andrew Adonay Ortiz

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible and devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive synaptic, dendritic, glial, and neuronal loss, collectively leading to impairments in learning, memory, and deterioration of cognitive and behavioral functions. AD is the most common form of dementia accounting for 60-80% of all cases. AD affects approximately 7 million Americans and is the 6th leading cause of death in the US. Furthermore, by 2050, the US is projected to spend over $1.1 trillion on AD-related treatments. Pathological hallmarks of AD include beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and chronic neuroinflammation, which can promote and exacerbate both …

Dysregulation Of Vitamin D Receptor And Cyp450 Metabolism Enzymes May Explain Oral Cancer Responsiveness, Dustin Hunsaker

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Many health benefits are associated with Vitamin D (VitD), although deficiency is associated with poor health outcomes and increased risk for cancer development. For example, many tissue specific enzymes are involved in VitD metabolism, and mutations or deletions within Vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes are known to increase cancer risk by altering their functions or bioavailability, although less is known about these phenomena in oral cancers. Using well characterized, commercially available oral cell lines (OKF4, HGF-1, SCC4, SCC9, SCC15, SCC25, CAL27), mRNA expression of P450 cytochrome VitD metabolic enzymes and receptor genes by qPCR revealed differential results. One oral cancer …

Drivers And Mechanisms Of Golgi Fragmentation As A Modulator Of Disease, Amanda Macke

Theses & Dissertations

The Golgi apparatus plays a pivotal role in post-translational modification, trafficking, and secretion of proteins, ensuring proper cellular function. As a result, its fragmentation has been implicated in multiple pathological conditions, including alcohol-induced liver injury and prostate cancer (PCa). Despite its known impact on cellular homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms governing Golgi fragmentation remain to be clarified. Additionally, we have only just begun to understand the vast consequences of Golgi disorganization on disease progression.

This dissertation investigates the drivers and mechanisms of Golgi fragmentation, with a focus on its role as a modulator of disease. Using both in vitro and in …

Coxiella Burnetii Manipulation Of Membrane Contact Sites In The Intracellular Niche, Margaret F. Sladek

Theses & Dissertations

Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious and environmentally persistent bacterium that causes the disease Q Fever. Its intracellular home, the Coxiella-Containing Vacuole (CVV), is formed from fusion of host-derived vesicles and is rich in sterols - yet cholesterol accumulation in the CCV is bacteriolytic. Our lab’s goal is to understand how Coxiella manages intracellular cholesterol levels and survives within the host. One way Coxiella may modulate CCV cholesterol is through membrane contact sites (MCS), areas where molecular complexes bridge two organelles and exchange lipids. This thesis explores how Coxiella uses both a mammalian lipid transfer protein and bacterially-encoded effector …

Application Of Bioactive Materials Primary Cilia As A Novel Delivery Vehicle, Ayan K. Barui, Farideh Amirrad, Vansh Goel, Sharareh Ohadi, Rajasekharreddy Pala, Ashraf M. Mohieldin, Andromeda M. Nauli, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Primary cilia are hair-like structured cell organelles functioning as cellular antennae with chemosensory and mechanosensory roles. Dysfunction of cilia results in ciliopathies, including renovascular diseases (polycystic kidneys, hypertension, aneurysm), mental impedances (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia), metabolic diseases (obesity, developmental skeleton defects), blindness, and so on. With a diameter of 150 nm, cilia can be cleaved, released and circulated in the body as injury biomarkers. We here assessed the potential use of isolated cilia as a novel delivery vehicle. Cilia were isolated from renal epithelial cells, and a specific-targeting chemotherapeutic was designed on the cilia. The data show a remarkable …

Mitochondrial Network Expansion And Loss During Oligodendrocyte Life And Death, Xhoela Bame

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system, known for modulating signal transmission, refining neural circuits, and providing metabolic support to axons. Oligodendrocytes are generated throughout life from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and are damaged or lost in demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases and age-related pathologies. Thus, understanding the cellular checkpoints that occur during the generation and degeneration of oligodendrocytes is crucial for maintaining their population in health and recovering it in disease and aging.

Using high-resolution optical imaging, I have discovered a dynamic redistribution and subcellular partitioning of mitochondria during oligodendrogenesis. Mitochondria transiently expanded towards the differentiating OPC …

The Role Of Elongin B In Drosophila Melanogaster Muscle Development, Madelyne Dayan

Student Theses and Dissertations

Muscle atrophy is a result of a number of muscle diseases, as well as aging, disuse, and infections. Muscles weakened in these ways exhibit a characteristic decrease in size, strength, and mobility. The similarities between muscle in humans and Drosophila allow for direct comparisons to be made in vertebrates from studying muscle in Drosophila. Differential gene expression has been shown to play an important role in embryonic muscle development in Drosophila melanogaster. A previous study identified Elongin B (EloB) to be involved in somatic muscle morphogenesis in Drosophila, with mutant embryos displaying severe muscle defects, including thin, mis-attached, and missing …

Ks151 Synergizes With Venetoclax And Abt-737 In Aml: Efficacy In Both Flt3-Wildtype And Flt3-Mutant Models, Sahil Jethi, Arnold Rojas, Omar S. Al-Odat, Krishne Gowda, Subash C. Jonnalagadda, Manoj Pandey

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common leukemia in adult patients, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 30 percent. Therefore, more effective therapeutic strategies are required to prolong the survival of AML patients. Importantly, anti-apoptotic proteins, especially B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), overexpression in AML is associated with uncontrolled growth as well as chemoresistance. Unsurprisingly, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) overexpresses in AML and associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance. The FDA-approved BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib, has been successful in treating other hematologic malignancies, but a proportion of patients relapse mainly because of acquired mutations at Cys481Ser (C481S) in the …

Regulation Of Ccr7 Signaling Events By G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases 2 And 3, Anahi Sanchez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) can bind multiple ligands, leading to differential signaling events termed biased signaling. C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is a GPCR known to have biased signaling between the two ligands it binds to, CCL19 and CCL21. Binding of C-C Chemokine Ligand 19 (CCL19) promotes a high level of CCR7 phosphorylation, while CCL21 leads to a much lower level of CCR7 phosphorylation; findings observed in HEK and dendritic cells. GPCR kinases (GRKs), which can control the phosphorylation patterns of a GPCR, are hypothesized to regulate biased signaling of a receptor. GRK expression differs between cell lines and cell …

Inflammatory Response In Ucd200/206 Scleroderma-Prone Chickens To Intradermal Injection Of Silikon 1000, Katee L. Johnson

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Intradermal injections of silicone materials have resulted in chronic inflammation and fibrotic reactions in some individuals. The UCD200/206 line of chickens is characterized by spontaneous development of scleroderma/systemic sclerosis (SSc), a fibrotic autoimmune disease. This longitudinal study examined the cellular inflammatory activity initiated by SILIKON 1000 (a silicone product used as a filler in human skin) at the site of intradermal (i.d.) injection and in the peripheral blood in the SSc-prone UCD 200/206 (UCD) chickens and healthy White Leghorn (WL) controls. Specifically, the pulps of growing feathers (GFs) were i.d. injected with SILIKON or endotoxin-free, sterile PBS (8 and 3 …

Exploring Intracellular Signaling Responses To Ks18, A Potent Mcl-1 Inhibitor, In Multiple Myeloma, Emily Nelson, Omar S Al-Odat, Dhruti A. Brahmbhatt, Tulin Budak-Alpdogan, Subash Jonnalagadda, Manoj Kumar Pandey

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Multiple myeloma (MM), a cancer of plasma B cells, is a hematological malignancy in which patients inevitably relapse and develop drug resistance. Mcl-1, a member of the anti-apoptotic subgroup of Bcl-2 family proteins, plays a critical role in the progression of multiple myeloma and contributes significantly to drug resistance. Elevated Mcl-1 expression is observed in approximately 52% of MM patients at diagnosis, increasing to 81% at relapse. Given its driving role in disease progression and therapy resistance, Mcl-1 inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic target, prompting ongoing research into the development and clinical evaluation of Mcl-1 inhibitors, particularly for …

Accelerated Tumor Growth And Lymphatic Spread Of Transplantable Melanomas In Tumor Necrosis Factor(Tnf)-Transgenic Mice, Catherine F. Alapatt, Robert Hughes, Roger Sheffmaker, Gillian Mcguire, Daniel Deegan, Igor Kuzin, Andrea Bottaro

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer among American adults, with significant morbidity and mortality at 5 years remaining >60% for patients with stage IV disease. The malignancy is due to the transformation of melanocytes, with one of the major risk factors being ultraviolet light exposure. Although as many as one in five human cancers have been linked to chronic inflammation, the role of inflammatory signals in melanoma growth and metastasis remains poorly understood.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-transgenic (TNFtg) mice are a well-established model of chronic systemic inflammation, with involvement of joints and other organ systems. To assess the effect …

Examining The Molecular Mechanisms Of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists In Cancer Cell Biology, Oliver G. Sabet

Honors Scholar Theses

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are synthetic analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) used to treat obesity and diabetes by reducing blood glucose levels and appetite. While early rodent studies suggested a link between GLP-1RAs and thyroid cancer pathogenesis, evidence in humans remains inconclusive, with randomized controlled trials not supporting that link. Due to the rapid, widespread use of these drugs, concerns have expanded to other obesity-associated cancers, with conflicting findings on their role in cancer progression. With this contradictory evidence in a novel intersection of obesity medicine and oncology, this literature review aims to summarize current understandings between GLP-1-RAs and …

The Role Of Myosin L In The Survival Of Toxoplasma Gondii And The Importance Of Mlc1 For In Vitro And In Vivo Myosin F Motility, Victoria K. Yi

Honors Scholar Theses

My thesis discusses the work that I have conducted on two myosins in Toxoplasma gondii, which is an obligate intracellular parasite that has chronically infected around 10% of the American population. It causes toxoplasmosis and severe health consequences for individuals with compromised immune systems or when infections occur in utero. However, immunocompetent individuals are asymptomatic or present with subclinical symptoms. In the Heaslip lab, I investigated two myosins in the parasite: Myosin L and Myosin F. MyoL is an uncharacterized motor that localizes at the apical end of the parasite. It was shown to be important for parasite …

Hypoxia Induced Ribosomal Rna Fragmentation Mediated By Rnase L, Vanessa Kristina Pizutelli, Dimitri G Pestov

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Ischemic injury contributes to a range of global pathologies. Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (IRI) is a paradoxical phenomenon that involves an initial restriction of blood flow followed by a sudden restoration of perfusion. This type of injury takes place in conditions such as myocardial infarction, acute kidney disease, and ischemic stroke and often leads to cellular death. Additionally, IRI exacerbates post-surgical outcomes and plays a role in graft dysfunction and transplant rejection. Despite efforts to develop therapies targeting known IRI pathways, clinical trials have largely been unsuccessful, underscoring the need for alternative mechanisms and biomarkers associated with IRI-induced apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species …

Investigating The Effects Of Prenatal E-Cigarette Exposure On Postnatal Liver Histology, Emma Mcclellan

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) entered the American market in the mid-2000s and quickly became popular. This product poses a significant threat to youth with 1.63 million students reporting use in 2024. Adverse health effects to different organs are well known. The liver is less studied, and despite its role in detoxification of e-cigarette chemicals, is a target of injury. Unlike the known effects of cigarettes and nicotine on the liver from adult or prenatal exposure, effects of prenatal exposure to e-cigarettes on liver remain to be defined. The current study investigated the effects of prenatal exposure of e-cigarettes on liver …

Stromal Cells In The Small Intestine: Physiology, Localization, Function, And Alterations Induced By Chronic Arsenic Exposure, Scott Ventrello

All Dissertations

Arsenic is a prevalent toxicant found to affect around 94 to 240 million individuals in over fifty countries who are exposed to levels above the EPA and WHO standard of 10 ppb. As one of WHO’s top ten chemicals of public health concern, it is linked to several chronic diseases including diabetes, obesity, cancers, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Arsenic increases inflammation and disrupts the intestinal barrier in the small intestine and colon. Further, previous studies found that arsenic decreased secretory cell lineage and stromal cell gene expression markers in the small intestine. Thus, our goal was to investigate arsenic’s effect …

The Relationship Between Oxidative Stress And Partner Opposition In Conflict Resolution, Jenna Thomas

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Given the inevitability of conflict in romantic relationships, understanding its biological impact is crucial for developing conflict resolution strategies that promote physical health. While many studies highlight relationship conflict’s negative effects on bodily systems, few examine how specific facets of conflict, such as opposition, impact the body. Partner opposition may contribute to oxidative stress, a biological marker associated with poor physical health, by activating the amygdala. This study investigated the association between partner opposition and oxidative stress in 126 couples expecting their first child. Participants attended a lab session where problem-solving discussions were recorded to assess oppositional behavior and urine …

Impact Of Temperature And Microbial Infection On The Honey Bee Hemocytes, Michael E. Oeth

Master's Theses

Introduction

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) rely on hemocytes for immunity, wound healing, and hemolymph homeostasis. While 32°C reflects optimal hive conditions, suboptimal temperatures (22°C) and stressors like pathogens (Varroa destructor, bacteria) or pesticides impair hemocyte function. Using clodronate liposomes (CLD) to deplete hemocytes, we assessed how immune suppression interacts with these stressors.

Methods

Newly emerged (5-day-old) and older (15-day-old) bees were assigned to: CLD, control liposomes (LP), PBS, injection wound, or no treatment. Cohorts were exposed to 32°C (optimal) or 22°C (stressful for non-immunosuppressed bees). Fifteen-day-old bees were challenged with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. Survival, hemolymph volume, and hemocyte …

Assessment Of Dose-Dependent Cytotoxicity Of Caffeine On Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma And Foreskin Fibroblast Cell Lines, Sanjay Srinivasan

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

Caffeine is a stimulant well-known for its alertness enhancement and energy functions. Beyond its neurological effects, caffeine also influences cellular qualities, including viability and membrane integrity. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of caffeine on two distinct human cell lines: Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and Foreskin Fibroblasts (HFF). Cells were exposed to varying concentrations of caffeine to evaluate whether its effects were dose dependent. Cell viability was assessed using the Trypan Blue exclusion and Alamar Blue assays. Results showed that HFF cell death was more evident than the HT-29 Cells, displaying a potential therapeutic for cancer treatment.

Developing A Small Molecule To Inhibit Hsf1 Expression In Cancer And Evaluating Natural Genetic Variation In Small Molecule Toxicity., Michaela Kendal Foley

Theses and Dissertations

Each year cancer affects nearly 20 million people worldwide and genetic differences across populations can impact cancer onset and progression. Specifically, tumors with high levels of HSF1, the master regulator of the cytoprotective heat shock response (HSR), are correlated with poor patient outcomes in multiple cancers such as prostate, breast, and melanoma. Subsequently, the development of pharmacological inhibitors of HSF1 represents a promising strategy for anticancer therapeutics. Using a luciferase-based transcriptional reporter, two small molecule libraries were screened for inhibitors of HSF1 expression in human embryonic kidney cells, yielding ten compounds that decrease HSF1 expression. To identify if cancer lines …