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Articles 661 - 690 of 736

Full-Text Articles in Cell Biology

The Tadpole Of Proceratophrys Avelinoi (Anura: Leptodactylidae), Rafael O. De Sá, José A. Langone Sep 2002

The Tadpole Of Proceratophrys Avelinoi (Anura: Leptodactylidae), Rafael O. De Sá, José A. Langone

Biology Faculty Publications

The genus Proceratoprhrys is poorly known. It consists of 14 currently recognized species (Frost, 2000) of medium-sized frogs distributed from northeastern Argentina and Paraguay to southeast Amazonia (Rondonia State), eastern and southern Brazil. Proceratophrys avelinoi was described from Misiones, Argentina (Mercadal de Barrio and Barrio, 1993). The larval stage of this species is unknown. Herein, we describe the tadpole and the characteristics of the internal oral anatomy of P avelinoi using scanning electron micros- copy (SEM).

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Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Generation Of Sequence Diversity On Plasmids, Qingbei Zhang Jun 2002

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Generation Of Sequence Diversity On Plasmids, Qingbei Zhang

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Qingbei Zhang on June 19, 2002.

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The Effect Of Butyrate Feeding On Skeletal Muscle And Adipose Tissue Glucose Uptake, Sean Eric Thatcher May 2002

The Effect Of Butyrate Feeding On Skeletal Muscle And Adipose Tissue Glucose Uptake, Sean Eric Thatcher

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Sean Eric Thatcher on May 31, 2002.

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Comparison Of Tnf-A Levels Produced By Macrophages Treated With Brucella Abortus And Escherichia Coli Lps, Tajie Harris Apr 2002

Comparison Of Tnf-A Levels Produced By Macrophages Treated With Brucella Abortus And Escherichia Coli Lps, Tajie Harris

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

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Determination Of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation In Cultured Renal Epithelial Cells And Cardiac Myocytes Exposed To Cocaine And Morphine, David Angeles Tiangco Apr 2002

Determination Of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation In Cultured Renal Epithelial Cells And Cardiac Myocytes Exposed To Cocaine And Morphine, David Angeles Tiangco

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) is an important transcription factor that participates in the genetic regulation of inflammation in many tissues. Cocaine and heroin are drugs of abuse associated with renal and cardiac pathology. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that exposure to cocaine or morphine (a metabolite of heroin) would activate NF-kB in renal epithelial cells (COS-7) and cardiac myocytes (H9c2) grown in culture. COS-7 and H9c2 cells were co-transfected with an experimental reporter specific for NF-kB activation and a control reporter with constitutive activity. A dual-luciferase assay was used to determine levels of NF-kB activation …

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A Cycle Of Vam7p Release From And Ptdins 3-P–Dependent Rebinding To The Yeast Vacuole Is Required For Homotypic Vacuole Fusion, Christine Boeddinghaus, Alexey J. Merz, Rico Laage, Christian Ungermann Apr 2002

A Cycle Of Vam7p Release From And Ptdins 3-P–Dependent Rebinding To The Yeast Vacuole Is Required For Homotypic Vacuole Fusion, Christine Boeddinghaus, Alexey J. Merz, Rico Laage, Christian Ungermann

Dartmouth Scholarship

Vacuole fusion requires a coordinated cascade of priming, docking, and fusion. SNARE proteins have been implicated in the fusion itself, although their precise role in the cascade remains unclear. We now report that the vacuolar SNAP-23 homologue Vam7p is a mobile element of the SNARE complex, which moves from an initial association with the cis-SNARE complex via a soluble intermediate to the docking site. Soluble Vam7p is specifically recruited to vacuoles and can rescue a fusion reaction poisoned with antibodies to Vam7p. Both the recombinant Vam7p PX domain and a FYVE domain construct of human Hrs block the recruitment of …

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Dipyridamole Reduces Oxidative Stress In Human Coronary Artery Endothelial And Hela Cell Models, Matthew E. Giangrante Jan 2002

Dipyridamole Reduces Oxidative Stress In Human Coronary Artery Endothelial And Hela Cell Models, Matthew E. Giangrante

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Functional Requirement Of Aquaporin-5 In Plasma Membranes Of Sweat Glands, Lene N. Nejsum, Tae-Hwan Kwon, Uffe B. Jensen, Ornella Fumagalli, Jørgen Frøkiaer, Carissa M. Krane, Anil G. Menon, Landon S. King, Peter C. Agre, Søren Nielsen Jan 2002

Functional Requirement Of Aquaporin-5 In Plasma Membranes Of Sweat Glands, Lene N. Nejsum, Tae-Hwan Kwon, Uffe B. Jensen, Ornella Fumagalli, Jørgen Frøkiaer, Carissa M. Krane, Anil G. Menon, Landon S. King, Peter C. Agre, Søren Nielsen

Biology Faculty Publications

The distribution and function of aquaporins (AQPs) have not previously been defined in sweat glands. In this study, AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5 mRNA were demonstrated in rat paw by reverse transcription (RT)–PCR, but AQP2 and AQP4 were not. AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5 protein were confirmed in these tissues by immunoblotting. AQP1 was identified in capillary endothelial cells by immunohistochemical labeling, but not in sweat glands or epidermis. Abundant AQP3 expression was seen in basal levels of epidermis, but not in sweat glands. AQP2 and AQP4 were not observed in either skin or sweat glands. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed abundant AQP5 in …

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A Note On Cascade Climbing Of Migrating Goby And Shrimp Postlarvae In Two Maui Streams, M. Eric Benbow, Leslie Luchar Orzetti, Mollie D. Mcintosh, Albert J. Burky Jan 2002

A Note On Cascade Climbing Of Migrating Goby And Shrimp Postlarvae In Two Maui Streams, M. Eric Benbow, Leslie Luchar Orzetti, Mollie D. Mcintosh, Albert J. Burky

Biology Faculty Publications

In this study, we documented cascade climbing rates of 133 and 230 postlarvae of Lentipes concolor (O‘opu alamo‘o) and Atyoida bisulcata (Opae kahaole), respectively, from two streams on the island of Maui, Hawaii. Climbing measurements and observations were made of postlarvae at the water-substrate interface in cascade habitats of constricted water flow. Both species were observed to move in short bursts of forward progression within or above the pulsing water-substrate interface. Goby postlarval climbing rates ranged from 0.04 – 1.50 cm s–1 and were slower than shrimp rates which ranged from 0.30 – 3.06 cm s–1. The high variability is …

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Analysis Of Protein Localization And Secretory Pathway Function Using The Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Elizabeth Ann Vallen Jan 2002

Analysis Of Protein Localization And Secretory Pathway Function Using The Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Elizabeth Ann Vallen

Biology Faculty Works

The isolation and characterization of mutants has been crucial in understanding a number of processes in the field of cell biology. In this exercise, students examine the effects of mutations in the secretory pathway on protein localization. Yeast strains deficient for synthesis of histidinol dehydrogenase are transformed with a plasmid encoding a chimeric protein. The chimera contains a signal sequence fused to histidinol dehydrogenase. A strain with a defect in the translocation of secretory proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accumulates sufficient histidinol dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm to grow on media lacking histidine. In contrast, yeast proficient for secretion, or …

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Mutations In Sid2, A Novel Gene In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Cause Synthetic Lethality With Sic1 Deletion And May Cause A Defect During S Phase, Matthew D. Jacobson , '97, Claudia C. Muñoz , '99, Kirstin S. Knox , '99, Beth E. Williams , '01, Lenette L. Lu , '02, Frederick Cross , '78, Elizabeth Ann Vallen Sep 2001

Mutations In Sid2, A Novel Gene In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Cause Synthetic Lethality With Sic1 Deletion And May Cause A Defect During S Phase, Matthew D. Jacobson , '97, Claudia C. Muñoz , '99, Kirstin S. Knox , '99, Beth E. Williams , '01, Lenette L. Lu , '02, Frederick Cross , '78, Elizabeth Ann Vallen

Biology Faculty Works

SIC1 encodes a nonessential B-type cyclin/CDK inhibitor that functions at the G1/S transition and the exit from mitosis. To understand more completely the regulation of these transitions, Mutations causing synthetic lethality with sic1 Delta were isolated. In this screen, we identified a novel gene, SID2, which encodes an essential protein that appear., to be required for DNA replication or repair. sid2-1 sic1 Delta strains and sid2-21 temperature-sensitive strains arrest preanaphase as large-budded cells with a single nucleus, a short spindle, and an similar to 2C DNA content. RAD9, which is necessary for the DNA damage checkpoint, is required for the …

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The Wings Of Bombyx Mori Develop From Larval Discs Exhibiting An Early Differentiated State: A Preliminary Report, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh, K. P. Gopinathan Jun 2001

The Wings Of Bombyx Mori Develop From Larval Discs Exhibiting An Early Differentiated State: A Preliminary Report, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh, K. P. Gopinathan

Biology Faculty Publications

Lepidopteran insects present a complex organization of appendages which develop by various mechanisms. In the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori, a pair of meso- and meta-thoracic discs located on either side in the larvae gives rise to the corresponding fore- and hind-wings of the adult. These discs do not experience massive cell rearrangements during metamorphosis and display the adult wing vein pattern. We have analysed wing development in B. mori by two approaches, viz., expression of patterning genes in larval wing discs, and regulatory capacities of larval discs following explantation or perturbation. Expression of Nubbin is seen all over the presumptive …

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Salivary Acinar Cells From Aquaporin 5-Deficient Mice Have Decreased Membrane Water Permeability And Altered Cell Volume Regulation, Carissa M. Krane, James E. Melvin, Ha-Van Nguyen, Linda Richardson, Jennifer E. Towne, Thomas Doetschman, Anil G. Menon Jun 2001

Salivary Acinar Cells From Aquaporin 5-Deficient Mice Have Decreased Membrane Water Permeability And Altered Cell Volume Regulation, Carissa M. Krane, James E. Melvin, Ha-Van Nguyen, Linda Richardson, Jennifer E. Towne, Thomas Doetschman, Anil G. Menon

Biology Faculty Publications

Aquaporins (AQPs) are channel proteins that regulate the movement of water through the plasma membrane of secretory and absorptive cells in response to osmotic gradients. In the salivary gland, AQP5 is the major aquaporin expressed on the apical membrane of acinar cells. Previous studies have shown that the volume of saliva secreted by AQP5-deficient mice is decreased, indicating a role for AQP5 in saliva secretion; however, the mechanism by which AQP5 regulates water transport in salivary acinar cells remains to be determined. Here we show that the decreased salivary flow rate and increased tonicity of the saliva secreted byAqp5 …

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Characterization And Regulation Of Skn-Directed Autoimmune Skin Lesions, Pamela Jane Staton Jan 2001

Characterization And Regulation Of Skn-Directed Autoimmune Skin Lesions, Pamela Jane Staton

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

In the Skn model of autoimmunity, pathogenic T cells sensitized to Skn epidermal antigens (Skn-immune spleen cells or SIS cells) elicited disease in the form of skin lesions when adoptively transferred into shaved immunoincompetent syngeneic adult recipients (‘lesion-forming animals’) while concomitant injection of immunoregulatory normal spleen cells at twice the concentration (2 x normal spleen cells or 2XNS cells) of SIS cells significantly lessened lesion development (‘lesion-controlling animals’) by Day 7 post cell transfer. In a time-course RT-PCR cytokine analysis of skin from lesion-forming and lesion-controlling animals, IL-7 mRNA was significantly elevated in lesion-controlling skin on Day 7 while no …

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Aquaporin 5-Deficient Mouse Lungs Are Hyperresponsive To Cholinergic Stimulation, Carissa M. Krane, Christopher N. Fortner, Arthur R. Hand, Dennis W. Mcgraw, John N. Lorenz, Susan E. Wert, Jennifer E. Towne, Richard J. Paul, Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Anil G. Menon Jan 2001

Aquaporin 5-Deficient Mouse Lungs Are Hyperresponsive To Cholinergic Stimulation, Carissa M. Krane, Christopher N. Fortner, Arthur R. Hand, Dennis W. Mcgraw, John N. Lorenz, Susan E. Wert, Jennifer E. Towne, Richard J. Paul, Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Anil G. Menon

Biology Faculty Publications

Although aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is the major water channel expressed in alveolar type I cells in the lung, its actual role in the lung is a matter of considerable speculation. By using immunohistochemical staining, we show that AQP5 expression in mouse lung is not restricted to type I cells, but is also detected in alveolar type II cells, and in tracheal and bronchial epithelium. Aqp5 knockout (Aqp5−/−) mice were used to analyze AQP5 function in pulmonary physiology. Compared with Aqp5+/+ mice, Aqp5−/− mice show a significantly increased concentration-dependent bronchoconstriction to intravenously administered Ach, as shown by …

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Hawaiian Freshwater Polychaeta: A Potentially Substantial Trophic Component Of Stream Depositional Habitats, M. Eric Benbow, Albert J. Burky, Carl M. Way Jan 2001

Hawaiian Freshwater Polychaeta: A Potentially Substantial Trophic Component Of Stream Depositional Habitats, M. Eric Benbow, Albert J. Burky, Carl M. Way

Biology Faculty Publications

In this paper we report the widespread occurrence of large annelids (Polychaeta: Nereididae) in Hawaiian stream depositional habitats, drawing attention to the lack of knowledge of Hawaiian stream energetics. Specimens of Namalycastis sp. were collected from five Hawaiian Islands from May–July 1995 and from the island of Maui from July–December 1999 and April–July 2000. Most specimens collected were N. hawaiiensis, while two specimens of N. abiuma were collected from a single site on the island of Molokai. Specimens were collected from elevations ranging from 3–240 m; several collections were from sites above at least one major (> 15 m …

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Chondrocranium And Visceral Skeleton Of Atelopus Tricolor And Atelophryniscus Chrysophorus, E O. Lavilla, Rafael O. De Sá Jan 2001

Chondrocranium And Visceral Skeleton Of Atelopus Tricolor And Atelophryniscus Chrysophorus, E O. Lavilla, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Atelopus tricolor and Atelophryniscus chrysophorus have gastromyzophorous tadpoles. Aside from specific differences, the larval chondrocrania and visceral skeletons show several shared character states, including an almost quadrangular, open chondrocranium , cornua trabeculae with expanded tips, cartilago suprarostralis as a single element, a posteriorly projected arcus subocularis quadrati, a closed muscular tunnel, and a simplified branchial basket, with only three pairs of ceratobranchiales. They are compared with diverse character states of suctorial larvae considering them as causally related to the stream life adaptations.

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Do Timing And Pattern Of Myogenesis Correlate With Life History Mode In Anurans?, Matthew T. Smetanick, Rafael O. De Sá, Gary P. Radice Dec 2000

Do Timing And Pattern Of Myogenesis Correlate With Life History Mode In Anurans?, Matthew T. Smetanick, Rafael O. De Sá, Gary P. Radice

Biology Faculty Publications

The timing and pattern of myogenesis varies among anurans that have been studied and the different pat- terns may provide useful phylogenetic information. Specific myogenic markers have been described (Muntz, 1975; Kielbowna, 1981; Boudjelida & Muntz, 1987; Radice et al., 1989) and they can provide infor- mation on evolutionary changes for closely related lineages within a clade. For example, we previously com- pared first appearance of a muscle-specific protein, first twitch of axial muscle, onset of multinucleation within axial myotome, and first heartbeat in two pipid genera (Smetanick et al., 1999). We found that although the timing of myogenesis differed, …

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Fast Transport Of Neurofilament Protein Along Microtubules In Squid Axoplasm, Veena Prahlad, Brian T. Helfand, George M. Langford, Ron D. Vale, Robert D. Goldman Oct 2000

Fast Transport Of Neurofilament Protein Along Microtubules In Squid Axoplasm, Veena Prahlad, Brian T. Helfand, George M. Langford, Ron D. Vale, Robert D. Goldman

Dartmouth Scholarship

Using squid axoplasm as a model system, we have visualized the fast transport of non-filamentous neurofilament protein particles along axonal microtubules. This transport occurs at speeds of 0.5-1.0 microm/second and the majority of neurofilament particles stain with kinesin antibody. These observations demonstrate, for the first time, that fast (0.5-1.0 microm/second) transport of neurofilament proteins occurs along microtubules. In addition, our studies suggest that neurofilament protein can be transported as non-membrane bound, nonfilamentous subunits along axons, and that the transport is kinesin-dependent. Microtubule-based fast transport might therefore provide a mechanism for the distribution and turnover of neurofilament, and perhaps other cytoskeletal …

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The Occurrence Of The Freshwater Clams, Musculium Partumeium (Say) And Pisidium Casertanum (Poli) (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae), In The Hawaiian Islands, Albert J. Burky, Carl M. Way, Skippy Hau, M. Eric Benbow Jun 2000

The Occurrence Of The Freshwater Clams, Musculium Partumeium (Say) And Pisidium Casertanum (Poli) (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae), In The Hawaiian Islands, Albert J. Burky, Carl M. Way, Skippy Hau, M. Eric Benbow

Biology Faculty Publications

Sphaeriid clams were collected from an ancient, continuously cultivated taro pond complex at Ke‘anae Peninsula, Maui. Both species are known for adaptations for temporary pond habitats and could have been initially introduced by the earliest Hawaiian settlers transported with moist taro root stock from other areas of Oceania.

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The Docking Stage Of Yeast Vacuole Fusion Requires The Transfer Of Proteins From A Cis-Snare Complex To A Rab/Ypt Protein, Albert Price, Darren Seals, William Wickner, Christian Ungermann Mar 2000

The Docking Stage Of Yeast Vacuole Fusion Requires The Transfer Of Proteins From A Cis-Snare Complex To A Rab/Ypt Protein, Albert Price, Darren Seals, William Wickner, Christian Ungermann

Dartmouth Scholarship

The homotypic fusion of yeast vacuoles requires Sec18p (NSF)-driven priming to allow vacuole docking, but the mechanism that links priming and docking is unknown. We find that a large multisubunit protein called the Vam2/6p complex is bound to cis-paired SNAP receptors (SNAREs) on isolated vacuoles. This association of the Vam2/6p complex with the cis-SNARE complex is disrupted during priming. The Vam2/6p complex then binds to Ypt7p, a guanosine triphosphate binding protein of the Rab family, to initiate productive contact between vacuoles. Thus, cis-SNARE complexes can contain Rab/Ypt effectors, and these effectors can be mobilized by NSF/Sec18p-driven priming, allowing their direct …

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Roles Of Hof1p, Bni1p, Bnr1p, And Myo1p In Cytokinesis In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Elizabeth Ann Vallen, J. Caviston, E. Bi Feb 2000

Roles Of Hof1p, Bni1p, Bnr1p, And Myo1p In Cytokinesis In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Elizabeth Ann Vallen, J. Caviston, E. Bi

Biology Faculty Works

Cytokinesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs by the concerted action of the actomyosin system and septum formation. Here we report on the roles of HOF1,BNI1, and BNR1 in cytokinesis, focusing on Hof1p. Deletion of HOF1 causes a temperature-sensitive defect in septum formation. A Hof1p ring forms on the mother side of the bud neck in G2/M, followed by the formation of a daughter-side ring. Around telophase, Hof1p is phosphorylated and the double rings merge into a single ring that contracts slightly and may colocalize with the actomyosin structure. Upon septum formation, Hof1p splits into two rings, disappearing upon cell separation. Hof1p …

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Whole Animal And Cellular Strategies In The Regulation Of Bone Mass In The Rat, Weidong Geng Jan 2000

Whole Animal And Cellular Strategies In The Regulation Of Bone Mass In The Rat, Weidong Geng

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

In order to determine the strategies in regulation of bone mass in the rat and better understand the pathophysiological mechanism of the postmenopausal osteoporosis, a series of studies were conducted at the whole animal and cellular level. At the whole animal level, female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (Ovx) or sham-operated (control) at 18 weeks and the entire skeleton obtained at 24 weeks (baseline) or after an additional 31 day (28 week) interval on a normal (1.0%) or deficient (0.02%) calcium diet. Ovx rats on the normal calcium diet showed a 42% increase in whole body bone resorption and a 70% …

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The Kinesin-Related Protein, Hset, Opposes The Activity Of Eg5 And Cross-Links Microtubules In The Mammalian Mitotic Spindle, Vicki Mountain, Calvin Simerly, Louisa Howard, Asako Ando, Gerald Schatten, Duane A. Compton Oct 1999

The Kinesin-Related Protein, Hset, Opposes The Activity Of Eg5 And Cross-Links Microtubules In The Mammalian Mitotic Spindle, Vicki Mountain, Calvin Simerly, Louisa Howard, Asako Ando, Gerald Schatten, Duane A. Compton

Dartmouth Scholarship

We have prepared antibodies specific for HSET, the human homologue of the KAR3 family of minus end-directed motors. Immuno-EM with these antibodies indicates that HSET frequently localizes between microtubules within the mammalian metaphase spindle consistent with a microtubule cross-linking function. Microinjection experiments show that HSET activity is essential for meiotic spindle organization in murine oocytes and taxol-induced aster assembly in cultured cells. However, inhibition of HSET did not affect mitotic spindle architecture or function in cultured cells, indicating that centrosomes mask the role of HSET during mitosis. We also show that (acentrosomal) microtubule asters fail to assemble in vitro without …

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The Timing And Pattern Of Myogenesis In Hymenochirus Boettgeri, Matthew T. Smetanick, Rafael O. De Sá Jun 1999

The Timing And Pattern Of Myogenesis In Hymenochirus Boettgeri, Matthew T. Smetanick, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Differences in the relative timing of homologous developmental events among closely related species, known as heterochronies, may provide valuable clues in understanding evolutionary relationships (McKinney, 1988; McNamara, 1995). Examining the timing of myogenic events is a relatively easy and effective method for finding heterochronic events. For example, whether muscle proteins and myofibrils appear before or after multinucleation can be determined through histological techniques (Kielbowna, 1981). Simple observations of live specimens can pinpoint functional landmarks such as first twitch (spontaneous or due to external stimuli) and first heartbeat.

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Development Of The Suprarostral Plate Of Pipoid Frogs, Rafael O. De Sá, Charles C. Swart Apr 1999

Development Of The Suprarostral Plate Of Pipoid Frogs, Rafael O. De Sá, Charles C. Swart

Biology Faculty Publications

The rostral region of nonpipoid tadpoles has two sets of cartilages, the cornua trabeculae and the suprarostral cartilages, whereas the rostral region in pipoid larvae is occupied by a single and continuous cartilage, the suprarostral plate. The homology of this region in pipoid and nonpipoids tadpoles has been controversial. We examined the early formation and development of the suprarostral plate using serially cross-sectioned specimens of Rhinophrynus, Xenopus, and Hymenochirus. We conclude that the cartilaginous structures present in the rostral area of pipoid and nonpipoid larvae are homologous. Furthermore, we found two different developmental patterns among pipoid larvae. The chondrocranium …

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Drosophila Fascin Mutants Are Rescued By Overexpression Of The Villin-Like Protein, Quail, Kelly Cant, Brenda A. Knowles, Shalina Mahajan-Miklos, Matthew Heintzelman, Lynn Cooley Dec 1998

Drosophila Fascin Mutants Are Rescued By Overexpression Of The Villin-Like Protein, Quail, Kelly Cant, Brenda A. Knowles, Shalina Mahajan-Miklos, Matthew Heintzelman, Lynn Cooley

Dartmouth Scholarship

Actin bundle assembly in specialized structures such as microvilli on intestinal epithelia and Drosophila bristles requires two actin bundling proteins. In these systems, the distinct biochemical properties and temporal localization of actin bundling proteins suggest that these proteins are not redundant. During Drosophila oogenesis, the formation of cytoplasmic actin bundles in nurse cells requires two actin bundling proteins, fascin encoded by the singed gene and a villin-like protein encoded by the quail gene. singed and quail mutations are fully recessive and each mutation disrupts nurse cell cytoplasmic actin bundle formation. We used P-element mediated germline transformation to overexpress quail in …

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Transport Of Er Vesicles On Actin Filaments In Neurons By Myosin V, George M. Langford, Joel S. Tabb, Bradley J. Molyneaux, Darien L. Cohen, Sergei A. Kuznetsov Oct 1998

Transport Of Er Vesicles On Actin Filaments In Neurons By Myosin V, George M. Langford, Joel S. Tabb, Bradley J. Molyneaux, Darien L. Cohen, Sergei A. Kuznetsov

Biology - All Scholarship

Axoplasmic organelles in the giant axon of the squid have been shown to move on both actin filaments and microtubules and to switch between actin filaments and microtubules during fast axonal transport. The objectives of this investigation were to identify the specific classes of axoplasmic organelles that move on actin filaments and the myosin motors involved. We developed a procedure to isolate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from extruded axoplasm and to reconstitute its movement in vitro. The isolated ER vesicles moved on exogenous actin filaments adsorbed to coverslips in an ATP-dependent manner without the addition of soluble factors. Therefore myosin was …

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Transport Of Er Vesicles On Actin Filaments In Neurons By Myosin V, Joel S. Tabb, Bradley J. Molyneaux, Darien L. Cohen, Sergei A. Kuznetsov, George M. Langford Oct 1998

Transport Of Er Vesicles On Actin Filaments In Neurons By Myosin V, Joel S. Tabb, Bradley J. Molyneaux, Darien L. Cohen, Sergei A. Kuznetsov, George M. Langford

Dartmouth Scholarship

Axoplasmic organelles in the giant axon of the squid have been shown to move on both actin filaments and microtubules and to switch between actin filaments and microtubules during fast axonal transport. The objectives of this investigation were to identify the specific classes of axoplasmic organelles that move on actin filaments and the myosin motors involved. We developed a procedure to isolate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from extruded axoplasm and to reconstitute its movement in vitro. The isolated ER vesicles moved on exogenous actin filaments adsorbed to coverslips in an ATP-dependent manner without the addition of soluble factors. Therefore myosin was …

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Transport Of Axl2p Depends On Erv14p, An Er–Vesicle Protein Related To The Drosophila Cornichon Gene Product, Jacqueline Powers, Charles Barlowe Sep 1998

Transport Of Axl2p Depends On Erv14p, An Er–Vesicle Protein Related To The Drosophila Cornichon Gene Product, Jacqueline Powers, Charles Barlowe

Dartmouth Scholarship

COPII-coated ER-derived transport vesicles from Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain a distinct set of membrane-bound polypeptides. One of these polypeptides, termed Erv14p (ER-vesicle protein of 14 kD), corresponds to an open reading frame on yeast chromosome VII that is predicted to encode an integral membrane protein and shares sequence identity with the Drosophila cornichon gene product. Experiments with an epitope-tagged version of Erv14p indicate that this protein localizes to the ER and is selectively packaged into COPII-coated vesicles. Haploid cells that lack Erv14p are viable but display a modest defect in bud site selection because a transmembrane secretory protein, Axl2p, is not …

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