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- Anura (3)
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- Xenopus laevis (2)
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- Chondrocrania; anatomy; larvae; Leptodactylus; variation; phylogeny (1)
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- Leptodactylus cunicularius (1)
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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Cell Anatomy
Microstructure Of Attachment Mechanisms Of Newly Hatched Larvae Of Four Cyprinid Species With Comments On Terminology, George E. Maurakis, Eugene G. Maurakis
Microstructure Of Attachment Mechanisms Of Newly Hatched Larvae Of Four Cyprinid Species With Comments On Terminology, George E. Maurakis, Eugene G. Maurakis
Virginia Journal of Science
An adhesive organ is a prominent, protruding mucus secreting gland that is used by newly hatched tadpoles and larvae of some fishes to attach to aquatic vegetation. The objective of this research is to test the hypothesis that newly hatched cyprinid larvae of Hybognathus hankinsoni, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Cyprinus carpio and Gila atraria contain cephalic adhesive organs. Newly hatched larvae of Semotilus atromaculatus, which do not attach to submerged aquatic vegetation, were used as the control. SEM examination of newly hatched larvae indicate there were no adhesive organs on the control species (S. atromaculatus) or test species …
(R)-Desmolactone Is A Sex Pheromone Or Attractant For The Endangered Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle Desmocerus Californicus Dimorphus And Several Congeners (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae), A. M. Ray, R. A. Arnold, I. Swift, P. A. Schapker, S. Mccann, C. J. Marshall, J. S. Mcelfresh, J. G. Millar
(R)-Desmolactone Is A Sex Pheromone Or Attractant For The Endangered Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle Desmocerus Californicus Dimorphus And Several Congeners (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae), A. M. Ray, R. A. Arnold, I. Swift, P. A. Schapker, S. Mccann, C. J. Marshall, J. S. Mcelfresh, J. G. Millar
Faculty Scholarship
We report here that (4R,9Z)-hexadec-9-en-4-olide [(R)-desmolactone] is a sex attractant or sex pheromone for multiple species and subspecies in the cerambycid genus Desmocerus. This compound was previously identified as a female-produced sex attractant pheromone of Desmocerus californicus californicus. Headspace volatiles from female Desmocerus aureipennis aureipennis contained (R)-desmolactone, and the antennae of adult males of two species responded strongly to synthetic (R)-desmolactone in coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram analyses. In field bioassays in California, Oregon, and British Columbia, traps baited with synthetic (R)-desmolactone captured males of several Desmocerus species and subspecies. Only male beetles were captured, indicating that this compound acts as a …
Beyond Race And Place: Distal Sociological Determinants Of Hiv Disparities, J. R. Robbins, M. Buot, J. P. Docena
Beyond Race And Place: Distal Sociological Determinants Of Hiv Disparities, J. R. Robbins, M. Buot, J. P. Docena
Faculty Scholarship
Informed behavior change as an HIV prevention tool has yielded unequal successes across populations. Despite decades of HIV education, some individuals remain at high risk. The mainstream media often portrays these risk factors as products of race and national borders; however, a rich body of recent literature proposes a host of complex social factors that influence behavior, including, but not limited to: poverty, income inequality, stigmatizing social institutions and health care access. We examined the relationship between numerous social indicators and HIV incidence across eighty large U.S. cities in 1990 and 2000. During this time, major correlating factors included income …
Choosing And Using Diversity Indices: Insights For Ecological Applications From The German Biodiversity Exploratories, Kathyrn Morris, T Caruso, F. Buscot
Choosing And Using Diversity Indices: Insights For Ecological Applications From The German Biodiversity Exploratories, Kathyrn Morris, T Caruso, F. Buscot
Faculty Scholarship
Biodiversity, a multidimensional property of natural systems, is difficult to quantify partly because of the multitude of indices proposed for this purpose. Indices aim to describe general properties of communities that allow us to compare different regions, taxa, and trophic levels. Therefore, they are of fundamental importance for environmental monitoring and conservation, although there is no consensus about which indices are more appropriate and informative. We tested several common diversity indices in a range of simple to complex statistical analyses in order to determine whether some were better suited for certain analyses than others. We used data collected around the …
Unexpected Phylogenetic Positions Of The Genera Rupirana And Crossodactylodes Reveal Insights Into The Biogeography And Reproductive Evolution Of Leptodactylid Frogs, Antoine Foquet, Boris Leonardo Blotto, Maximiliano Manuel Maronna, Vanessa Kruth Verdade, Flora Acuña Juncá, Rafael O. De Sá, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
Unexpected Phylogenetic Positions Of The Genera Rupirana And Crossodactylodes Reveal Insights Into The Biogeography And Reproductive Evolution Of Leptodactylid Frogs, Antoine Foquet, Boris Leonardo Blotto, Maximiliano Manuel Maronna, Vanessa Kruth Verdade, Flora Acuña Juncá, Rafael O. De Sá, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
Biology Faculty Publications
Despite major progress in deciphering the amphibian tree of life by molecular phylogenetics, we identified two questions remaining to be answered regarding relationships within Hyloidea, the clade of South American origin that comprises most extant anuran diversity. A few genera like Rupirana and Crossodactylodes have enigmatic phylogenetic positions, and relationships among major lineages within some families like Leptodactylidae remain ambiguous. To resolve these specific questions we used two approaches (1) a complete matrix approach representing >6.6 kb, including most major Hyloidea lineages (61 terminals) combining different methods of phylogenetic reconstruction and measures of node support; and (2) a supermatrix approach …
Evaluation Of Antibiotic Resistance Emerging From Use Of Antibiotics In Cafos, J. R. Robbins, D. Hellman, N. Pease, M. Costello
Evaluation Of Antibiotic Resistance Emerging From Use Of Antibiotics In Cafos, J. R. Robbins, D. Hellman, N. Pease, M. Costello
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Leptodactylus Cunicularius Sazima And Bokermann Rabbit-Burrow Frog, W. R. Heyer, M. M. Heyer, Rafael O. De Sá
Leptodactylus Cunicularius Sazima And Bokermann Rabbit-Burrow Frog, W. R. Heyer, M. M. Heyer, Rafael O. De Sá
Biology Faculty Publications
Adult Leptodactylus cunicularius are moderately small. The head is longer than wide and the hind limbs are long (Table 1; Heyer and Thompson 2000 provided definitions of adult size and leg length categories for Leptodactylus). Male vocal sacs are internal, not externally expanded. The snout is protruding, not sexually dimorphic. Male forearms are not hypertrophied and males lack asperities on the thumbs and chest. The dorsum is variegated with small, often confluent, spots and blotches. There is a very thin interrupted mid-dorsal light stripe (pinstripe). Usually, there is a noticeable light, irregular, elongate, mid-dorsal blotch in the scapular region. …
Phylogenetic Signal And The Utility Of 12s And 16s Mtdna In Frog Phylogeny, S. Hertwig, Rafael O. De Sá, A. Haas
Phylogenetic Signal And The Utility Of 12s And 16s Mtdna In Frog Phylogeny, S. Hertwig, Rafael O. De Sá, A. Haas
Biology Faculty Publications
Genes selected for a phylogenetic study need to contain conserved information that reflects the phylogenetic history at the specific taxonomic level of interest. Mitochondrial ribosomal genes have been used for a wide range of phylogenetic questions in general and in anuran systematics in particular. We checked the plausibility of phylogenetic reconstructions in anurans that were built from commonly used 12S and 16S rRNA gene sequences. For up to 27 species arranged in taxon sets of graded inclusiveness, we inferred phylogenetic hypotheses based on different apriori decisions, i.e. choice of alignment method and alignment parameters, including/excluding variable sites, choice of reconstruction …
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Chondrocranial, Hyobranchial And Internal Oral Morphology In Larvae Of The Basal Bufonid Genus Melanophryniscus (Amphibia: Anura), Peter M. Larson, Rafael O. De Sá, Diego Arrieta
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Chondrocranial, Hyobranchial And Internal Oral Morphology In Larvae Of The Basal Bufonid Genus Melanophryniscus (Amphibia: Anura), Peter M. Larson, Rafael O. De Sá, Diego Arrieta
Biology Faculty Publications
Melanophryniscus is a genus of small toads inhabiting the southern portion of South America. This genus is considered basal within the family Bufonidae. Data on larval chondrocranial morphology do not exist for the genus and larval internal oral anatomy has only been described for a single species. Here, we describe chondrocranial and internal oral morphology in Melanophryniscus montevidensis, M. orejasmirandai and M. sanmartini. Chondrocranial morphology is similar among the species examined. Comparisons with other bufonids and with outgroup taxa suggest that the following chondrocranial characters may represent synapomorphies for the Bufonidae: free (or absent) ceratobranchial IV, a reduced …
The Tadpole Of Proceratophrys Avelinoi (Anura: Leptodactylidae), Rafael O. De Sá, José A. Langone
The Tadpole Of Proceratophrys Avelinoi (Anura: Leptodactylidae), Rafael O. De Sá, José A. Langone
Biology Faculty Publications
The genus Proceratoprhrys is poorly known. It consists of 14 currently recognized species (Frost, 2000) of medium-sized frogs distributed from northeastern Argentina and Paraguay to southeast Amazonia (Rondonia State), eastern and southern Brazil. Proceratophrys avelinoi was described from Misiones, Argentina (Mercadal de Barrio and Barrio, 1993). The larval stage of this species is unknown. Herein, we describe the tadpole and the characteristics of the internal oral anatomy of P avelinoi using scanning electron micros- copy (SEM).
Chondrocranium And Visceral Skeleton Of Atelopus Tricolor And Atelophryniscus Chrysophorus, E O. Lavilla, Rafael O. De Sá
Chondrocranium And Visceral Skeleton Of Atelopus Tricolor And Atelophryniscus Chrysophorus, E O. Lavilla, Rafael O. De Sá
Biology Faculty Publications
Atelopus tricolor and Atelophryniscus chrysophorus have gastromyzophorous tadpoles. Aside from specific differences, the larval chondrocrania and visceral skeletons show several shared character states, including an almost quadrangular, open chondrocranium , cornua trabeculae with expanded tips, cartilago suprarostralis as a single element, a posteriorly projected arcus subocularis quadrati, a closed muscular tunnel, and a simplified branchial basket, with only three pairs of ceratobranchiales. They are compared with diverse character states of suctorial larvae considering them as causally related to the stream life adaptations.
The Timing And Pattern Of Myogenesis In Hymenochirus Boettgeri, Matthew T. Smetanick, Rafael O. De Sá
The Timing And Pattern Of Myogenesis In Hymenochirus Boettgeri, Matthew T. Smetanick, Rafael O. De Sá
Biology Faculty Publications
Differences in the relative timing of homologous developmental events among closely related species, known as heterochronies, may provide valuable clues in understanding evolutionary relationships (McKinney, 1988; McNamara, 1995). Examining the timing of myogenic events is a relatively easy and effective method for finding heterochronic events. For example, whether muscle proteins and myofibrils appear before or after multinucleation can be determined through histological techniques (Kielbowna, 1981). Simple observations of live specimens can pinpoint functional landmarks such as first twitch (spontaneous or due to external stimuli) and first heartbeat.
The Biology Of Xenopus By R. C. Tinsley And H. C. Kobel, Rafael O. De Sá
The Biology Of Xenopus By R. C. Tinsley And H. C. Kobel, Rafael O. De Sá
Biology Faculty Publications
The Biology of Xenopus presents a summary of current knowledge about a single genus resulting from a symposium held at the Zoological Society of London in September 1992. This approach to summarizing available information has also been taken for other taxa, such as Atelopus (Lotters, 1996). However, the task of compiling data for Xenopus is enormous relative to any other amphibian group, because Xenopus laevis has become a model system for molecular and development research (Cannatella and de Sa, 1993). Unfortunately, most of our knowledge of Xenopus is biased toward this single species. There are about 20 recognized species of …
Chondrocranial Morphology Of Leptodactylus Larvae (Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae): Its Utility In Phylogenetic Reconstruction, Peter M. Larson, Rafael O. De Sá
Chondrocranial Morphology Of Leptodactylus Larvae (Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae): Its Utility In Phylogenetic Reconstruction, Peter M. Larson, Rafael O. De Sá
Biology Faculty Publications
Chondrocranial morphology of leptodactylid frogs is scarcely known and has not been completely described for any species of Leptodactylus. We describe the diversity of chondrocranial morphology in the genus Leptodactylus based on the analysis of 22 species, representing the four species groups: the fuscus Group, ocellatus Group, melanonotus Group, and pentadactylus Group. Furthermore, 26 characters are identified and used in a phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis using Physalaemus, Crossodactylus, and Hylodes as outgroups suggests two monophyletic clades within Leptodactylus: the melanonotus-ocellatus clade and the pentadactylusfuscus clade. However, it does not support the monophyly of the species groups as currently recognized …
Xenopus Laevis As A Model Organism, David C. Cannatella, Rafael O. De Sá
Xenopus Laevis As A Model Organism, David C. Cannatella, Rafael O. De Sá
Biology Faculty Publications
Model organisms are often assumed to be representative of some more inclusive taxon of which the species is a part. This assumption leads to mistaken generalizations about the evolutionary and comparative significance of the data gathered. This paper reviews com? parative and evolutionary studies of Xenopus laevis and its relatives. Phylogenetic analysis of data from DNA sequences and morphology indicate that Xenopus is monophyletic and that Silurana is its sister group. The most basal lineages of Pipidae diverged prior to the breakup of Gondwana. The bizarre morphology of Xenopus is in part due to changes in the mode of meta? …