Cell and Developmental Biology Commons^™

Microcirculation: Electrophysiological Basis For The Response Of Endothelial Cells To Inflammatory Mediators-Bradykinin, Kai Miao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Using conventional microelectrodes, I studied the electrical basis for determining the resting V$\sb{\rm m}$ in intact EC's from hamsters. The resting V$\sb{\rm m}$ were found to be $-$40 mV for aortic EC's and $-$43 mV for vena caval EC's. The contributions of ions to the resting V$\sb{\rm m}$ of aortic EC's were compared in terms of the transference number (t$\sb{\rm ion}$). To develop a technique for in situ monitoring changes in V$\sb{\rm m}$ of postcapillary venular EC's in the hamster mesentery, a voltage-sensitive fluorescent probe, bisoxonol, was used to load the cells and the fluorescence signals were analyzed under an …

Role Of Heat Shock Protein 70 Kda Cognate In Limiting Thermal Inactivation And Refolding Of Heat-Denatured Nuclear Type I Topoisomerase, Kuo-Kuang Wen

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Previous studies (Ciavarra et al., 1994) demonstrated that the constitutive 70 kDa heat shock protein (hsc70) protected purified topoisomerase I from thermal injury. In addition, hsc70 was capable of regenerating catalytic activity of heat-denatured topoisomerase I. A whole cell lysate was also active in this reaction assay. The present study demonstrates that heat-denatured topoisomerase I is reactivated by a cytosolic fraction and that this activity is dependent on the presence of cytosolic hsc70. The efficacy of hsc70-mediated refolding of heat-denatured topoisomerase I is greatly enhanced by a cytosolic cofactor(s). In all these refolding reactions, exogenous ATP is not required. Size …

In Situ Regulation Of Cytosolic Phospolipase A₂, Beverly A. Rzigalinski

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

The 85 kDa cytosolic phospholipase A₂ (cPLA₂) is an agonist-responsive effector for intracellular signal transduction through the arachidonate cascade. In vitro studies have demonstrated that this enzyme is regulated by sub-micromolar calcium and is specific for arachidonate as the sn-2 fatty acyl group of phospholipid substrates. However, very little data is available regarding in situ mechanisms which govern the activity of cPLA₂. The primarily objective of these studies was to develop an in situ system for the study of cPLA₂, and investigate mobilization of arachidonate during signal transduction events.

Dimethylsulfoxide differentiation of the …

A Thyroid Hormone-Regulated Gene In Xenopus Laevis Encodes A Type Iii Iodothyronine 5-Deiodinase., Donald L. St Germain, Robert Schwartzman, Walburga Croteau, Akira Kanamori, Zhou Wang, Donald D. Brown, Valerie Galton

Dartmouth Scholarship

The type III iodothyronine 5-deiodinase metabolizes thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine to inactive metabolites by catalyzing the removal of iodine from the inner ring. The enzyme is expressed in a tissue-specific pattern during particular stages of development in amphibia, birds, and mammals. Recently, a PCR-based subtractive hybridization technique has been used to isolate cDNAs prepared from Xenopus laevis tadpole tail mRNA that represent genes upregulated by thyroid hormone during metamorphosis. Sequence analysis of one of these cDNAs (XL-15) revealed regions of homology to the mRNA encoding the rat type I (outer ring) 5'-deiodinase, including a conserved UGA codon that encodes selenocysteine in …

A New Model Species For Cultured Teleost Retinal Cell Studies: Light And Scanning Electron Microscopy, Lori Ann Steinfeldt

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Purpose: To examine retinal horizontal and bipolar cells cultured from goldfish (Carassius auratus), black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) on the light and electron microscope levels; and to compare them with cells from a more established model, the wild white bass (Roccus chrysops). Methods: Retinas from all species were dissociated by methods developed with wild white bass (Dowling et al., 1985). Cell type was identified within the first 3 hr and cells were cultured for up to 2 wk in L-15 medium. At various intervals, cells were fixed in glutaraldehyde, …

Mutations In The Non-Helical Linker Segment L1-2 Of Keratin 5 In Patients With Weber-Cockayne Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex, Yiu-Mo Chan, Qian-Chun Yu, Janine M. Leblanc-Straceski, Angela Christiano, Lena Pulkkinen, Raju S. Kucherlapati, Jouni Uitto, Elaine Fuchs

Biology Faculty Publications

Keratins are the major structural proteins of the epidermis. Analyzing keratin gene sequences, appreciating the switch in keratin gene expression that takes place as epidermal cells commit to terminally differentiate, and elucidating how keratins assemble into 10 nm filaments, have provided the foundation that has led to the discoveries of the genetic bases of two major classes of human skin diseases, epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EH). These diseases involve point mutations in either the basal epidermal keratin pair, K5 and K14 (EBS), or the suprabasal pair, K1 and K10 (EH). In severe cases of EBS and EH, …

Translational Regulation Of The C-Jun Proto-Oncogene, Anil Sehgal

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

The v-jun oncogene was originally isolated from the ASV17 virus in 1987. Ever since its isolation, extensive work has been done to understand the role of the v-jun oncogene in cell transformation. The c-Jun protein is a transcription factor which binds to the DNA target TGACTCA. The c-Jun protein binds to DNA in the form of dimers. It can form homodimers with itself and heterodimers with Jun family (JunB and JunD), Fos family (FosB, Fra1 and Fra2), or with CREB family members through the leucine zipper motif. Because the c-jun proto-oncogene plays an important role in cell transformation, extensive work …

Analysis Of Human Sperm Chromatin Integrity, Silvina M. Bocca

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Determining potential maternal or paternal sources of abnormal chromosomal constitution gives opportunity for preconception genetic counseling. The most direct determination is achieved by analyzing the nuclear constitution of the gametes.

The present study evaluated the integrity of human spermatozoal nuclear material in the two condensation stages of chromatin and chromosomes. Original semen samples (ORI) and their swim-up fractions (SW, selected for motility) from men of known (donors) and unknown (patients) fertility were analyzed. The extent of chromatin condensation was assessed by light microscopy and flow cytometry during the time course of a chemically-induced decondensation reaction.

Motile spermatozoa were used to …

Heterochronic Genes And The Temporal Control Of C. Elegans Development, Victor Ambros, Eric Moss

Victor R. Ambros

The heterochronic genes of Caenorhabditis elegans encode part of a regulatory system that controls the temporal component of cell fates in development. The genes have been characterized genetically and molecularly, and their study has so far revealed a genetic hierarchy that specifies sequences of developmental events, a novel RNA-mediated mechanism of gene regulation and a reprogramming phenomenon associated with arrested development.

Bcl-2 Protein Expression Is Widespread In The Developing Nervous-System And Retained In The Adult Pns, Diane E. Merry, Deborah J. Veis, William F. Hickey, Stanley J. Korsmeyer

Dartmouth Scholarship

Cell death is a common feature of neural development in all vertebrates. The bcl-2 proto-oncogene has been shown to protect a variety of cell types from programmed cell death. We have examined the distribution of bcl-2 protein in the developing and adult nervous systems. bcl-2 protein is widespread during embryonic development. Proliferating neuroepithelial cells of ventricular zones as well as the postmitotic cells of the cortical plate, cerebellum, hippocampus and spinal cord express bcl-2. Postnatally, bcl-2 is principally retained in the granule cells of the cerebellum and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. bcl-2 expression in the CNS declines with aging. …

Induction Of Cytotoxic Gene Expression During Rat Cardiac Allograft Rejection And The Effects Of Combination Low Dose Cyclosporine A/Methotrexate Immunosuppressive Therapy In Prolonging Graft Survival, Theresa Torres. Pizarro

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Coping With The Risk Of Cancer In Children Living Near Power Lines, Eileen N. Abt

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Ms. Abt briefly summarizes evidence linking power lines with a possible increase in risk of childhood cancer. She also recounts how, although many experts remain skeptical of causality, public fears, whether or not warranted, have themselves created serious problems. Finally, she proposes ways to address those problems.

Morphometric Analysis Of Enteric Lesions In C3h/Hen Mice Inoculated With Serpulina Hyodysenteriae Serotypes 2 And 4 With Or Without Oral Streptomycin Pretreatment, Jagannatha V. Mysore, Gerald Duhamel

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The segmental distribution and sequential progression and the role of the indigenous bacterial flora in the development of enteric lesions associated with Serpulina hyodysenteriae infection in laboratory mice have not been defined. We examined the distribution and sequential morphometric changes in the large intestine of mice orally inoculated with S. hyodysenteriae serotypes 2 and 4. To determine the role of colonization resistance conferred by the indigenous bacterial flora, 40 female C3H/HeN mice were administered water alone or water containing 5 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate ad libitum for seven days prior to orogastric inoculation either with S. hyodysenteriae or sterile trypticase soy …

Binding Of Matrix Attachment Regions To Lamin Polymers Involves Single-Stranded Regions And The Minor Groove., M. E. Eva Ludérus, Jan L. Den Blaauwen, Oncko J. De Smit, Duane A. Compton, Roel Van Driel

Dartmouth Scholarship

Chromatin in eukaryotic nuclei is thought to be partitioned into functional loop domains that are generated by the binding of defined DNA sequences, named MARs (matrix attachment regions), to the nuclear matrix. We have previously identified B-type lamins as MAR-binding matrix components (M. E. E. Ludérus, A. de Graaf, E. Mattia, J. L. den Blaauwen, M. A. Grande, L. de Jong, and R. van Driel, Cell 70:949-959, 1992). Here we show that A-type lamins and the structurally related proteins desmin and NuMA also specifically bind MARs in vitro. We studied the interaction between MARs and lamin polymers in molecular detail …

Development And Application Of A Thermistor Current Meter, Carl M. Way, Albert J. Burky, Christine Miller-Way

Biology Faculty Publications

This report provides details for the construction of a hot-bead thermistor current meter which is capable of measuring water velocities on a millimeter spatial scale and for the construction of a compact and accurate calibration system. Hot-bead thermistor current meters can be built with response times of 200 ms capable of measuring velocities between 0.1 and 80 cm s-1. The construction of a sturdy probe for application in lotic systems such as high gradient Hawaiian streams was achieved by the use of heavy-duty acrylic tubing, small stainless steel gas-chromatography tubing, and flexible Tygon spaghetti tubing. An acrylic handle anchors the …

Induction Of Heat Shock Protein 70 In Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells During Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection, Tsehay Eshete Mekonnen

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Taking A Cat Map: Genome Analysis By Supercomputer, Jose V. Lopez

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Maturation Modulates Both Synthesis And Degradation Of Cgmp In Ovine Vascular Smooth Muscle, Charles Ray White

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Social Influences On Reproductive Maturation In Female White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus Leucopus Noveboracensis), Michelle Lee Mabry

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Isolation And Characterization Of A Novel G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Involved In Angiogenesis, Rebecca Ruth Stucki Miles

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Cell Division In The Multicellular Marine Red Alga Agardhiella Subulata, Karel Joan Klepacki

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Contaminated Sediment On The Epidermal Goblet Cells Of The Mummichog, Fundulus Heteroclitus, Laurent C. Mézin

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Secretion of mucus by epidermal goblet cells is an important first line of defense for teleosts. It protects them against many of the biological, physical and chemical insults they encounter in their environment. This project monitored changes in hemoglobin concentration in epidermal mucus and in the density, diameter and mucus quality of epidermal goblet cells in the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, following exposure to creosote-contaminated sediment. Male fish (200) were exposed for 13 days in flowthough aquaria to either an uncontaminated reference sediment or contaminated sediment containing 30% Elizabeth River sediment. Fish were sampled on Days 0, 3, 7 and 13. …

Liver Lipids Profiles In Nude Mice Implanted Subcutaneously With Cells Of Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma Grade Iv, Lawrence M. Mwasi

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Liver lipid changes in male BALB-c nude mice due to subcutaneously implanted human prostate metastatic grade IV adenocarcinoma was studied. The prostate cancer cells were cultured in F12 plus 7.5% horse serum and 25% fetal calf serum medium. When they reached confluence, some of these cells were fixed with glutaraldehyde and thoroughly washed with buffer then 4 x107 cells were implanted into four mice. Four more mice were implanted with 4 x 106 viable, unfixed cells. Four uninjected mice served as controls. All the mice were sacrificed 18 days later. The total liver lipids (TLL) from each liver were extracted …

Correlation Between Chromatid Deletion Production And Progression Of The Dna Replication Fork In Uv-Irradiated S Phase Xenopus Cells, Daniel M. Yoder, Jason M. Hiles, H. Gaston Griggs

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Experimentation was performed primarily to determine whether progression of the DNA replication fork along segments of S phase Xenopus chromosomes, which contain UV-induced pre-aberrational lesions, plays a significant role in conversion of these lesions into chromatid deletions. Specifically, a Xenopus chromosome that was both easy to identify and that possessed a single DNA replication fork in one arm was found and used to conduct the experimentation. This chromosome was exposed to UV in early S phase and a Bromodeoxyuridine/Giemsa differential staining technique was applied in conjunction with conventional aberrational techniques to correlate progression of the DNA replication fork through segments …

Outpatient Administration Of Paclitaxel, Siu Fun Wong

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Paclitaxel (Taxol®, Bristol-Meyers Squibb), anti neoplastic agent made from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, is undoubtedly one of the most exciting agents to be evaluated over the past decade. Paclitaxel has demonstrated significant promise against ovarian and metastatic breast cancer, and appears to be the most effective single agent to date for non-small-cell lung cancer in trials conducted by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG).

Apoptotic Signals Delivered Through The T-Cell Receptor Of A T-Cell Hybrid Require The Immediate-Early Gene Nur77, Sallie Smith Schneider, Z.G. Lui, K.A. Mclaughlin, L.M. Schwartz, B.A. Osborne

Sallie W Smith Schneider

No abstract provided.