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Apoptosis

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Full-Text Articles in Biology

The E-Liquid Flavorings Cinnamaldehyde, Vanillin, And Ethyl Vanillin Induce Cellular Stress Responses In Human Proximal Tubule (Hk-2) Epithelial Cells, Ashley J. Cox Jan 2024

The E-Liquid Flavorings Cinnamaldehyde, Vanillin, And Ethyl Vanillin Induce Cellular Stress Responses In Human Proximal Tubule (Hk-2) Epithelial Cells, Ashley J. Cox

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has become popular in recent years as an alternative to traditional cigarettes. These devices heat and subsequently vaporize e-liquids for inhalation by the user, which allows for the delivery of ingredients such as flavorings, nicotine, and solvents through the vapor. Flavorings used in e-liquids are “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) for consumption by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), however there are currently no recommendations on safety regarding the inhalation of flavoring agents. While research characterizing effects of e-liquids and their flavorings is abundant in lung and respiratory tract models, few studies …

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Roles Of Ppp1r15a (Gadd34) And Ppp1r15b (Crep) In Er Stress-Induced Apoptosis In Zebrafish Caudal Fin Epidermal Cells, Ayano Ohata Jan 2024

Roles Of Ppp1r15a (Gadd34) And Ppp1r15b (Crep) In Er Stress-Induced Apoptosis In Zebrafish Caudal Fin Epidermal Cells, Ayano Ohata

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

ER stress occurs in response to the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, subsequently activating three signal transduction pathways collectively called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Although the goal of the UPR is to restore ER homeostasis, it can result in apoptosis when ER stress is too severe or prolonged. CHOP, which is induced by all three branches of the UPR, is central to inducing ER stress-induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of numerous pro-apoptotic genes. One of the downstream targets of CHOP is GADD34, which contributes to PP1-mediated dephosphorylation of eIF2α together with its homolog …

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Anti-Cancer Activity Of Rhus Coriaria (Sumac) Against 5-Fluorouracil-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells, Zohra Nausheen Nizami Nov 2023

Anti-Cancer Activity Of Rhus Coriaria (Sumac) Against 5-Fluorouracil-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells, Zohra Nausheen Nizami

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death, both worldwide and in UAE. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a pyrimidine analogue, is a chemotherapeutic agent that is an integral component of chemotherapy regimens for CRC treatment. However, 5-FU resistance (intrinsic and/or acquired) inhibits their clinical efficacy. In recent years, there has been a growing popularity for plantbased cancer therapeutics, specifically using phytochemical compounds. Rhus coriaria (Sumac) is a Mediterranean plant whose fruits are used as a spice and medicinal herb. Extracts of Rhus coriaria fruits have been reported to exhibit anticancer activity against breast and CRC cancers. In the present …

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Soloxolone Methyl Induces Apoptosis And Oxidative/Er Stress In Breast Cancer Cells And Target Cancer Stem Cell Population, Eli̇f Ertürk, Oğuzhan Akgün, Yaren Yildiz, Pinar Kalkan, Oksana V. Salomatina, Nariman F. Salakhutdinov, Engi̇n Ulukaya, Ferda Ari Aug 2023

Soloxolone Methyl Induces Apoptosis And Oxidative/Er Stress In Breast Cancer Cells And Target Cancer Stem Cell Population, Eli̇f Ertürk, Oğuzhan Akgün, Yaren Yildiz, Pinar Kalkan, Oksana V. Salomatina, Nariman F. Salakhutdinov, Engi̇n Ulukaya, Ferda Ari

Turkish Journal of Biology

One of the most prevalent malignancies in women and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death is breast cancer. There is a need for new treatment approaches and drugs for breast cancer. Many studies show the high potential of triterpene compounds and their semisynthetic derivatives as anticancer agents due to their ability to induce apoptosis and suppress tumorigenesis. The effects of soloxolone methyl (SM), a semisynthetic derivative of 18-H-glycyrrhetinic acid, on the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of human breast cancer cell line (T-47D) and cancer stem cell (CSCs) population (mammospheres; CD44+/CD24-antigen) derived from breast cancer cells, were examined in this …

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Antileukemic Potential Of Nile Blue-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy On Hl60 Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells, Serçi̇n Özlem Çalişkan, Aynur Karadağ, Bariş Uzunok, Numan Taşpinar, Berna Akin, Meti̇n Çalişkan, Rahşan Ilikçi Sağkan Aug 2023

Antileukemic Potential Of Nile Blue-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy On Hl60 Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells, Serçi̇n Özlem Çalişkan, Aynur Karadağ, Bariş Uzunok, Numan Taşpinar, Berna Akin, Meti̇n Çalişkan, Rahşan Ilikçi Sağkan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received great attention over the past decade in the treatment of diseases such as leukemia which is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow cells that causes a significant number of deaths worldwide. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of Nile blue-mediated PDT (NB-mediated PDT) on HL60 cells. Materials and methods: The effect of NB-mediated PDT on cell proliferation was evaluated with cell volume analysis using flow cytometry at 24 h. Cell apoptosis, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell cycle analysis were evaluated using annexin V-FITC, H2 DCFDA, JC-1, …

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Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Activity Of Rhus Coriaria (Sumac), Yassine Elmahi Jun 2023

Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Activity Of Rhus Coriaria (Sumac), Yassine Elmahi

Theses

Cancer is a major health problem and is considered a chronic disease globally. Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer. That is because symptoms increase until the cancer is spread to other parts of the body in late stages. Among the many different therapeutic approaches to treat cancer, it appears that many plants have promising treatment effects, and one of these plants is Rhus coriaria, commonly known as Sumac. Previous studies have indicated that the Sumac plant, which is used in cooking, possesses various therapeutic values, including antioxidant and antibiotic activities. This study investigates the effect …

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Molecular Mechanisms Of Natural And Synthetic Compounds Against Breast And Colon Cancer, Aysha Hamad Alneyadi Jun 2023

Molecular Mechanisms Of Natural And Synthetic Compounds Against Breast And Colon Cancer, Aysha Hamad Alneyadi

Dissertations

Cancer is a complex disease with various causes, including genetic mutations, viruses, chemical agents, and lifestyle factors. Although numerous studies have been conducted to develop a cure or novel medications for cancer, no standout treatment has been found. In this project, the use of various natural and synthetic compounds as potential cancer treatments was investigated using triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and colon cancer cells. The cancer therapy strategies investigated were based on plant-derived therapuetic approaches including an essential oil (Origanum majorana essential oil), a pure phytochemical (Carnosol), and newly developed synthetic drugs (Chromenes drevatives; C1 and C2). This study …

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Is Vdac1 A Novel Bcl2 Family Member That Binds Bax?, Claire Pearson May 2023

Is Vdac1 A Novel Bcl2 Family Member That Binds Bax?, Claire Pearson

Honors Theses

Apoptosis is a type of regulated cell death important for normal embryonic development and maintenance of adult tissues by removing excess or dysfunctional cells to ensure proper functioning of organs. The Bcl-2 family of proteins determines whether apoptosis remains suppressed or becomes activated through the balance of interactions among pro-survival and pro-death members. A defining feature of the Bcl-2 family is a BH3 domain that drives interactions between the family members. Isoform 1 of the voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC1) has an important role in metabolism, but was recently found to have high homology with known BH3 domains. This study …

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Does Vdac2 Have A Bh3 Domain?, Lillian Ferkany May 2023

Does Vdac2 Have A Bh3 Domain?, Lillian Ferkany

Honors Theses

Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) by Bax oligomerization triggers apoptosis. BCl-2 family proteins, classified as BH3 only proteins, pro-survival proteins, or pro-apoptotic proteins, control apoptosis partly through their agonist or antagonistic effects on Bax, which are mediated by their conserved BH3 domains. All BH3 domains form an alpha helix containing 5-7 conserved hydrophobic residues, designated H0-H5, and one conserved aspartic acid that drive interaction with Bax and other ‘multi-domain’ BCl-2 members. BH3 agonists induce Bax oligomerization, while BH3 antagonists sequester Bax to prevent MOMP. We discovered that voltage dependent anion channels (VDACs) in the MOM contain a putative BH3-like domain …

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Investigation Of The Evolution And Structural Basis Of Caspases: Insights Into Conformational Dynamics, Stability And Allostery, Isha Joglekar May 2023

Investigation Of The Evolution And Structural Basis Of Caspases: Insights Into Conformational Dynamics, Stability And Allostery, Isha Joglekar

Biology Dissertations - Archive

Caspases, a class of cysteinyl proteases, are well known for their roles in apoptosis or programmed cell death. However, at lower levels of activation in the body, they also play other non-apoptotic roles in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, neuronal development, cell migration and motility, and embryonic development, all of which are poorly understood. Caspases provide an excellent model to study protein evolution since, they evolved from a common ancestral state into two subfamilies having different oligomeric properties: initiators, which exist as monomers, and effectors, which exist as dimers, under physiological conditions in a cell. However, the evolutionary basis for the …

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Histone Deacetylase 8 Is A Novel Therapeutic Target For Mantle Cell Lymphoma And Preserves Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function, January M. Watters Mar 2023

Histone Deacetylase 8 Is A Novel Therapeutic Target For Mantle Cell Lymphoma And Preserves Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Function, January M. Watters

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study demonstrates for the first time that HDAC8 function is critical for MCL survival, and abrogating its activity in human primary NK cells does not interfere with NK IgG antibody directed ADCC therapies ex vivo. Human NK cells, isolated from healthy donors, are highly resistant to HDAC8 inhibitor treatment with PCI-34051. Even at the highest concentration, 20uM, no toxicity was observed. Conversely, MCL cell lines representative of the aggressive MCL subtype, classical MCL, were especially sensitive to PCI-34051, an HDAC8 selective inhibitor, treatment. Blocking HDAC8 activity and/or abrogating expression through shRNA silencing induced significant DNA damage, hyperacetylation of SMC3, …

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The Foxo1 Inhibitor As1842856 Triggers Apoptosis In Glioblastoma Multiforme And Basal-Like Breast Cancer Cells, David Flores, Alma Lopez, Shreya Udawant, Bonnie Gunn, Megan Keniry Jan 2023

The Foxo1 Inhibitor As1842856 Triggers Apoptosis In Glioblastoma Multiforme And Basal-Like Breast Cancer Cells, David Flores, Alma Lopez, Shreya Udawant, Bonnie Gunn, Megan Keniry

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Basal-like breast cancer (BBC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are poor-prognosis cancers that lack effective targeted therapies and harbor embryonic stem gene expression signatures. Recently, our group and others found that forkhead box transcription factor FOXO1 promotes stem gene expression in BBC and GBM cell lines. Given the critical role of cancer stem cells in promoting cancer progression, we examined the impact of FOXO1 inhibition with AS1842856 (a cell-permeable small molecule that directly binds to unphosphorylated FOXO1 protein to block transcriptional regulation) on BBC and GBM cell viability. We treated a set of BBC and GBM cancer cell lines with increasing …

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Exploring The Anticancer Mechanism Of Thienopyrazole Derivative Tpz-1 In Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Jessica Dyanne Hess Dec 2022

Exploring The Anticancer Mechanism Of Thienopyrazole Derivative Tpz-1 In Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Jessica Dyanne Hess

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Anticancer drug discovery is a time and resource-consuming process for which exceedingly reliable and efficient modern approaches are needed. Phenotypic drug screenings can generate highly potent and innovative drug candidates; however, deconvolution of the drugâ??s target often presents significant barriers to drug development. To overcome this hurdle, we have originally combined in vitro and in silico analyses to uncover the molecular mechanism(s) driving the anticancer activity of the uniquely structured small molecule drug candidate, Tpz-1. Our study revealed that Tpz-1 is a multitargeted agent which induces the programmed death of HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia cells primarily through disruption of microtubule …

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Cytochrome C: A Potential Early Biomarker Of Diabetic Retinopathy, Ileana G. Villarreal Aug 2022

Cytochrome C: A Potential Early Biomarker Of Diabetic Retinopathy, Ileana G. Villarreal

Theses and Dissertations

Diabetic retinopathy is an ocular disease which appears in patients who experience progression of diabetes mellitus over a continuous period. Oftentimes, patients go undiagnosed due to the fact that there is no way to determine when the exact moment a patient develops diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmologists and other eye specialists diagnose a patient with diabetic retinopathy once the patient begins to show progressed symptoms of the disease. Various experiments have been previously performed to increase our knowledge of the connection of diabetic retinopathy and early biomarkers of the disease. Several studies have determined the effects of diabetic retinopathy and apoptosis with …

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Noncoding Rnas In Apoptosis: Identification And Function, Özge Tüncel, Merve Kara, Bi̇lge Yaylak, İpek Erdoğan, Bünyami̇n Akgül Jan 2022

Noncoding Rnas In Apoptosis: Identification And Function, Özge Tüncel, Merve Kara, Bi̇lge Yaylak, İpek Erdoğan, Bünyami̇n Akgül

Turkish Journal of Biology

Apoptosis is a vital cellular process that is critical for the maintenance of homeostasis in health and disease. The derailment of apoptotic mechanisms has severe consequences such as abnormal development, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, there exist complex regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotes to preserve the balance between cell growth and cell death. Initially, protein-coding genes were prioritized in the search for such regulatory macromolecules involved in the regulation of apoptosis. However, recent genome annotations and transcriptomics studies have uncovered a plethora of regulatory noncoding RNAs that have the ability to modulate not only apoptosis but also many other biochemical processes …

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Sirna-Mediated Stathmin1 Silencing Inhibits Proliferation Of Prostate Carcinoma Cell Line, Asude Aksoy, Safi̇ye Selcen Vi̇cdanli, Ebru Önalan, Ahmet Tektemur, Gökhan Artaş, Asuman Orhan Varoğlu, Mustafa Koç Jan 2022

Sirna-Mediated Stathmin1 Silencing Inhibits Proliferation Of Prostate Carcinoma Cell Line, Asude Aksoy, Safi̇ye Selcen Vi̇cdanli, Ebru Önalan, Ahmet Tektemur, Gökhan Artaş, Asuman Orhan Varoğlu, Mustafa Koç

Turkish Journal of Biology

Stathmin1 (STMN1) has been proposed as a possible prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for some cancers. We aimed to analyze the changes in autophagy, invasion, apoptosis-related genes in prostate cancer (PCa) cell line (PC-3), after small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated STMN1 silencing, and also the relationships of STMN1 expression, clinicopathological parameters, and survival (OS) in PCa cases. The STMN1 expressions were analyzed, immunohistochemically, in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded 75 PCa and 15 benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) tissues. The correlation between the levels of expression STMN1, clinicopathological features, and OS was determined in PCa cases. The siRNA-mediated STMN1 incubated PC-3 cells were …

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In Vitro Investigation Of Tumor Selective Piperidones As Therapeutic Agents Against Leukemia Cancer Cells, Lisett Contreras Dec 2021

In Vitro Investigation Of Tumor Selective Piperidones As Therapeutic Agents Against Leukemia Cancer Cells, Lisett Contreras

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Cancer is a continuous global health issue. It is the second leading cause of death behind heart disease. Disparities across the emergence of cancer and resulting fatalities raise the importance of researching the disease. Treatments are available for certain types of cancers. However, these are typically accompanied by residual problems including side effects and the possibility for relapse. Some treatments attack all cells, leading to unwarranted side effects that make the possibility of living a comfortable life nearly impossible. Other treatments are specific to certain genetic alterations, making them only useful for a small percentage of patients. Not one treatment …

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The Effects Of Triaminopyrimidine Analogs And Gold(I) Chloride Compounds On Cell Proliferation And Apoptosis In Mda-Mb-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells, Robin Redline Nov 2021

The Effects Of Triaminopyrimidine Analogs And Gold(I) Chloride Compounds On Cell Proliferation And Apoptosis In Mda-Mb-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells, Robin Redline

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Breast cancer is a common disease that affects both women and men all over the world. Triple negative breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor survival statistics and few available treatment options. Uncontrolled cell proliferation and the ability to avoid programmed cell death, apoptosis, are two shared hallmarks of cancers. Previous research has shown a group of heterocyclic molecules called triaminopyrimidines, not tested in this study, may be effective antiproliferative agents. Previous research has also shown that some gold(I) complexes not tested in this study, may be promising anticancer agents. In this study, a few chemicals …

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An Assessment Of Inp/Zns As Potential Anti-Cancer Therapy: Quantum Dot Treatment Induces Stress On Hela Cells, Victoria Grace Davenport Aug 2021

An Assessment Of Inp/Zns As Potential Anti-Cancer Therapy: Quantum Dot Treatment Induces Stress On Hela Cells, Victoria Grace Davenport

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Indium Phosphide/Zinc Sulfide (InP/ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) are an emerging option in QD technologies for uses of fluorescent imaging as well as targeted drug and anti-cancer therapies based on their customizable properties. In this study we explored effects of InP/ZnS when treated with HeLa cervical cancer cells. We employed XTT viability assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, and apoptosis analysis to better understand cytotoxicity extents at different concentrations of InP/ZnS. In addition, we compared the transcriptome profile from the QDtreated HeLa cells with that of untreated HeLa cells to identify changes to the transcriptome in response to the QD. Intracellular …

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Molecular Mechanisims Underlying The Anti-Cancer Activity Of Gum Arabic From Acacia Sp. In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells., Sawsan Yaslam Alyafii Jun 2021

Molecular Mechanisims Underlying The Anti-Cancer Activity Of Gum Arabic From Acacia Sp. In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells., Sawsan Yaslam Alyafii

Theses

Metastatic breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive, accounting for 15-20% of all breast cancer cases. As TNBC cells lack the expression of hormone receptors estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), TNBCs are unresponsive to hormonal therapy and often become highly resistant when exposed to standard chemotherapy, which has been identifies as a major obstacle in TNBC treatment. Gum Arabic, a natural exudate produced from plants, is widely used traditionally for religious, cosmetics as well as medical purposes …

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Mitochondrial Oma1 And Opa1 As Gatekeepers Of Organellar Structure/Function And Cellular Stress Response, Robert Gilkerson, Patrick De La Torre, Shaynah St. Vallier Mar 2021

Mitochondrial Oma1 And Opa1 As Gatekeepers Of Organellar Structure/Function And Cellular Stress Response, Robert Gilkerson, Patrick De La Torre, Shaynah St. Vallier

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Mammalian mitochondria are emerging as a critical stress-responsive contributor to cellular life/death and developmental outcomes. Maintained as an organellar network distributed throughout the cell, mitochondria respond to cellular stimuli and stresses through highly sensitive structural dynamics, particularly in energetically demanding cell settings such as cardiac and muscle tissues. Fusion allows individual mitochondria to form an interconnected reticular network, while fission divides the network into a collection of vesicular organelles. Crucially, optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) directly links mitochondrial structure and bioenergetic function: when the transmembrane potential across the inner membrane (ΔΨm) is intact, long L-OPA1 isoforms carry out fusion of the mitochondrial …

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Nvp-Bez235 Or Jaki Treatment Leads To Decreased Survival Of Examined Gbm And Bbc Cells, Neftali Vazquez, Alma Lopez, Victoria Cuello, Michael W. Persans, Erin Schuenzel, Wendy Innis-Whitehouse, Megan Keniry Feb 2021

Nvp-Bez235 Or Jaki Treatment Leads To Decreased Survival Of Examined Gbm And Bbc Cells, Neftali Vazquez, Alma Lopez, Victoria Cuello, Michael W. Persans, Erin Schuenzel, Wendy Innis-Whitehouse, Megan Keniry

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Cancer cells almost universally harbor constitutively active Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase (PI3K) Pathway ac-tivity via mutation of key signaling components and/or epigenetic mechanisms. Scores of PI3K Pathway in-hibitors are currently under investigation as putative chemotherapeutics. However, feedback and stem cell mechanisms induced by PI3K Pathway inhibition can lead to reduced treatment efficacy. To address therapeutic barriers, we examined whether JAKi would reduce stem gene expression in a setting of PI3K Pathway inhibition in order to improve treatment efficacy. We targeted the PI3K Pathway with NVP-BEZ235 (dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor) in combination with the Janus Kinase inhibitor JAKi in glioblastoma (GBM) and …

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Intrabodies Reveal Critical Steps Involved In Ricin's Interactions With The Ribosome, Timothy Francis Czajka Jan 2021

Intrabodies Reveal Critical Steps Involved In Ricin's Interactions With The Ribosome, Timothy Francis Czajka

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Ricin is a highly lethal protein toxin derived from the seeds of the castor plant, Ricinus communis. It is a Type II ribosome inactivating protein (RIP), meaning it is a heterodimer with one subunit, ricin toxin B (RTB), that mediates cell surface attachment and intracellular trafficking and a second subunit, ricin toxin A (RTA), that irreversibly shuts down protein synthesis in the cytosol. During trafficking, RTA and RTB necessarily separate in the endoplasmic reticulum, wherein RTA unfolds and translocates into the cytosol where it refolds into an enzymatically active conformation. RTA is remarkably fast acting and efficient, with few molecules …

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Effects Of Bradykinin On Proliferation, Apoptosis, And Cycle Of Glomerular Mesangial Cells Via The Tgf-Ss1/Smad Signaling Pathway, Ji Dong, Li Ding, Liuwei Wang, Zijun Yang, Yulin Wang, Ying Zang, Xuexia Cao, Lin Tang Jan 2021

Effects Of Bradykinin On Proliferation, Apoptosis, And Cycle Of Glomerular Mesangial Cells Via The Tgf-Ss1/Smad Signaling Pathway, Ji Dong, Li Ding, Liuwei Wang, Zijun Yang, Yulin Wang, Ying Zang, Xuexia Cao, Lin Tang

Turkish Journal of Biology

We aimed to assess the effects of bradykinin (BK) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and cycle of glomerular mesangial cells via the transforming growth factor-ß 1 (TGF-ß1)/Smad signaling pathway. Rat glomerular mesangial cells, HBZY-1, were divided into normal group (untreated), model group (5 ng/L TGF-ß1), BK group (5 ng/L TGF-ß1 + 1 ng/L BK), and inhibitor group [5 ng/L TGF-ß1 + 1 ng/L LY2109761 (TGF-ß1-specific inhibitor)]. The cell proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, expression of type I collagen (Col-1), and protein expressions of Col-1, TGF-ß1, and phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) were detected by EdU labeling, flow cytometry, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining, immunofluorescence …

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Tunel Apoptotic Cell Detection In Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (Sctld): Evaluation Of Potential And Improvements, E. Murphy Mcdonald Dec 2020

Tunel Apoptotic Cell Detection In Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (Sctld): Evaluation Of Potential And Improvements, E. Murphy Mcdonald

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a highly lethal coral disease that has caused a dramatic loss of coral tissue along the Florida Reef Tract and throughout the Wider Caribbean. This study seeks to understand whether programmed cell death (apoptosis) is involved in the pathology of the highly virulent SCTLD tissue loss lesion. Tissues from diseased colonies of Pseudodiploria strigosa collected in 2018 and 2020 were stained using the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase (TdT) mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay to visualize areas of programmed cell death. The archived tissue samples collected in 2018 exhibited a significantly higher degree of …

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Investigating The Role Of Lin-35 And The Dream Complex In Preserving Fertility Under Stress In C. Elegans, Frances Virginia Compere Jul 2020

Investigating The Role Of Lin-35 And The Dream Complex In Preserving Fertility Under Stress In C. Elegans, Frances Virginia Compere

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Organisms are subjected to environments that can fluctuate and cause them stress. Therefore, organisms must have the ability to adapt to the stress to survive and propagate. Temperature stress is becoming an increasingly relevant type of stress due to climate change and is known to affect fertility in many types of organisms including the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we examine the role of LIN-35, the single C. elegans homolog of the tumor suppressor Retinoblastoma (pRB), in fertility under moderate temperature stress. We found that lin-35 mutants lose fertility more drastically under moderate temperature stress than wildtype worms, and that …

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Novel Cyanoximates As An Alternative In Cancer Chemotherapy, Kafayat Aderonke Yusuf May 2020

Novel Cyanoximates As An Alternative In Cancer Chemotherapy, Kafayat Aderonke Yusuf

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatment plans for several cancer types. The recurrent side effects derived from chemotherapy agents have warranted the search for novel chemical compounds with better efficacy and minimal side effects. In line with this idea, I investigated effects of a group of newly synthesized metal based chemical compounds called cyanoximates on HeLa human cancer cells. Cyanoximates used were Pt(DECO)2, Pt(MCO)2, and Pd(DECO)2 along with the chemotherapy drug cisplatin as a positive control. I found that the metal cyanoximates reduced cell viability via apoptosis, and that Pt(DECO)2 was most …

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Natural Product Berbamine Enhances The Efficacy Of Doxorubicin Treatment For Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Jake Tyler Apr 2020

Natural Product Berbamine Enhances The Efficacy Of Doxorubicin Treatment For Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Jake Tyler

Theses and Dissertations

According to breast cancer statistics, 279,100 new cases are expected in the United States in 2020 (Siegel et al., 2020). Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a significantly shorter median overall survival compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. Unlike hormone-positive or HER2-positve breast cancers with effective hormonal or targeted therapies available, there has been very little clinical success from targeted therapies for TNBC. Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most used chemotherapy drugs. The only limitation of Dox treatment is its cytotoxicity. Berbamine dihydrochloride (BBM) is a natural benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that …

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Cytotoxicity Of Nio And Ni(Oh)₂ Nanoparticles Is Mediated By Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death And Suppression Of Cell Proliferation, Melissa H. Cambre, Natalie J. Holl, Yue-Wern Huang, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website. Apr 2020

Cytotoxicity Of Nio And Ni(Oh)₂ Nanoparticles Is Mediated By Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death And Suppression Of Cell Proliferation, Melissa H. Cambre, Natalie J. Holl, Yue-Wern Huang, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

The use of nanomaterial-based products continues to grow with advancing technology. Understanding the potential toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) is important to ensure that products containing them do not impose harmful effects to human or environmental health. In this study, we evaluated the comparative cytotoxicity between nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) in human bronchoalveolar carcinoma (A549) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. Cellular viability studies revealed cell line-specific cytotoxicity in which nickel NPs were toxic to A549 cells but relatively nontoxic to HepG2 cells. Time-, concentration-, and particle-specific cytotoxicity was observed in A549 cells. NP-induced oxidative …

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Differential Cytotoxicity Induced By Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Is A Function Of Cell Killing And Suppression Of Cell Proliferation, Larry M. Tolliver, Natalie J. Holl, Fang Yao Stephen Hou, Han-Jung Lee, Melissa H. Cambre, Yue-Wern Huang Mar 2020

Differential Cytotoxicity Induced By Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Is A Function Of Cell Killing And Suppression Of Cell Proliferation, Larry M. Tolliver, Natalie J. Holl, Fang Yao Stephen Hou, Han-Jung Lee, Melissa H. Cambre, Yue-Wern Huang

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in industry is on the rise, along with the potential for human exposure. While the toxicity of microscale equivalents has been studied, nanoscale materials exhibit different properties and bodily uptake, which limits the prediction ability of microscale models. Here, we examine the cytotoxicity of seven transition metal oxide NPs in the fourth period of the periodic table of the chemical elements. We hypothesized that NP-mediated cytotoxicity is a function of cell killing and suppression of cell proliferation. To test our hypothesis, transition metal oxide NPs were tested in a human lung cancer cell model (A549). …

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