Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Biology Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2021

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 811 - 840 of 2057

Full-Text Articles in Biology

An In Vitro Model Of Tumor Heterogeneity Resolves Genetic, Epigenetic, And Stochastic Sources Of Cell State Variability, Corey A. Hayford, Darren R. Tyson, C. Jack Robbins Iii, Peter L. Frick, Vito Quaranta, Leonard Harris Jun 2021

An In Vitro Model Of Tumor Heterogeneity Resolves Genetic, Epigenetic, And Stochastic Sources Of Cell State Variability, Corey A. Hayford, Darren R. Tyson, C. Jack Robbins Iii, Peter L. Frick, Vito Quaranta, Leonard Harris

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Tumor heterogeneity is a primary cause of treatment failure and acquired resistance in cancer patients. Even in cancers driven by a single mutated oncogene, variability in response to targeted therapies is well known. The existence of additional genomic alterations among tumor cells can only partially explain this variability. As such, nongenetic factors are increasingly seen as critical contributors to tumor relapse and acquired resistance in cancer. Here, we show that both genetic and nongenetic factors contribute to targeted drug response variability in an experimental model of tumor heterogeneity. We observe significant variability to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition among …

Go to article

Patterns Of Vertebrate Richness Across Global Anthromes: Prioritizing Conservation Beyond Biomes And Ecoregions, John E. Quinn, Emma K. Cook, Nicolas Gauthier Jun 2021

Patterns Of Vertebrate Richness Across Global Anthromes: Prioritizing Conservation Beyond Biomes And Ecoregions, John E. Quinn, Emma K. Cook, Nicolas Gauthier

Open Access Fund Publications

There is a clear need to refocus the way we prioritize conservation actions at a global scale to incorporate human systems. Anthromes have been suggested as one tool for integrating anthropogenic effects on ecosystems, but spatially explicit comparisons of biodiversity patterns are limited at a global extent. To address this gap, we used global data sets of anthromes and terrestrial vertebrate richness. We ranked anthromes by richness to all and threatened species at a global scale, temperate and tropical extents, and within major geographic regions. We tested for correlations between overall richness and count of threatened species, between taxonomic groups …

Go to article

Forensic Evaluation Of Qiagen Investigator Argus Y-28 With Case Work Samples, Afnan Mohammed Alshamsi Jun 2021

Forensic Evaluation Of Qiagen Investigator Argus Y-28 With Case Work Samples, Afnan Mohammed Alshamsi

Theses

Short Tandem Repeats polymorphisms on the Y-chromosome (Y-STRs) play a significant role in history of human hereditary. The recently introduced 6-dyes Qiagen investigator Argus Y-28 Kit which include 28Y-STR loci (DYS389I, DYS391, DYS389II, DYS533, DYS390, DYS627, DYS458, DYS393, DYS19, DYS437, DYS449, DYS460, DYS576, YGATAH4, DYS481, DYS448, DYS518, DYS439, DYS549, DYS438, DYS456, DYS643, QS1, DYS570, DYS635, DYS385, DYS392, QS2) has been used for internal validation study used in the forensic laboratories which followed sensitivity study, mixture studies, PCR parameter limits, stability study, and performance on mock casework samples. The results were reported by statistical analysis using ANOVA program. The results validate …

Go to article

Anticolon Cancer Activity Of Aristolochia Rotunda Root Extract, Ghufran Ayman Al Salloum Jun 2021

Anticolon Cancer Activity Of Aristolochia Rotunda Root Extract, Ghufran Ayman Al Salloum

Theses

Colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide and the first cause of cancer death in the UAE. While the conventional cancer therapy options like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are effective in the treatment of most cancers, they exhibit precarious side effects that can endanger the life of the patient. The present study explores the potential anticancer effect of Aristolochia rotunda root extract against human colorectal cancer cells. The root extract exhibited strong anti-proliferative activity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner against human colorectal cancer cell lines. A. rotunda root extract also inhibited colony growth and induced …

Go to article

Population Structure And Relative Abundance Of Elasmobranch Species Utilizing Inshore Waters Of Abu Dhabi, Shamsa Mohamed Al Hameli Jun 2021

Population Structure And Relative Abundance Of Elasmobranch Species Utilizing Inshore Waters Of Abu Dhabi, Shamsa Mohamed Al Hameli

Theses

The diversity, abundance, and distribution of elasmobranchs is poorly documented along the Arabian Gulf coast of the United Arab Emirates, with only a handful of publications focusing on elasmobranchs with the majority of data are collected through landing site and market surveys lacking site and species-specific data that are crucial for conservation management plans. The main objectives of this research were to determine the occurrence and utilization; quantify the relative abundance across different seasons; and describe the demographic structure of elasmobranch species that occurs in shallow waters around mangroves in Khor Al Saadiyat and adjacent islands, northeast of Abu Dhabi, …

Go to article

In-Vitro Analysis Of Potential Autophagy Mediated Safranal-Sorafenib Combined Effect On Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Aaminah Farrukh Jun 2021

In-Vitro Analysis Of Potential Autophagy Mediated Safranal-Sorafenib Combined Effect On Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Aaminah Farrukh

Theses

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly occurring cancers worldwide. The risk factors include obesity, hepatitis, alcoholism, smoking etc. One of the biggest associated challenges is the current treatment strategies. The therapeutic options are limited with economical and accessibility challenges, especially with increased HCC incidence. Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, is one of the first FDA approved drugs for HCC. But drug resistance and cancer relapse are a common drawback for this treatment. The need for better treatment is crucial now more than ever. The use of saffron as a potential natural therapeutic option is not a novel strategy. …

Go to article

Molecular Mechanisims Underlying The Anti-Cancer Activity Of Gum Arabic From Acacia Sp. In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells., Sawsan Yaslam Alyafii Jun 2021

Molecular Mechanisims Underlying The Anti-Cancer Activity Of Gum Arabic From Acacia Sp. In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells., Sawsan Yaslam Alyafii

Theses

Metastatic breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive, accounting for 15-20% of all breast cancer cases. As TNBC cells lack the expression of hormone receptors estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), TNBCs are unresponsive to hormonal therapy and often become highly resistant when exposed to standard chemotherapy, which has been identifies as a major obstacle in TNBC treatment. Gum Arabic, a natural exudate produced from plants, is widely used traditionally for religious, cosmetics as well as medical purposes …

Go to article

Chemical And Biological Control Of Canker Disease Of Delonix Regia Caused By The Fungus Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum, Seham Mohammed Al Raish Jun 2021

Chemical And Biological Control Of Canker Disease Of Delonix Regia Caused By The Fungus Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum, Seham Mohammed Al Raish

Dissertations

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), royal poinciana (Delonix regia) trees suffer from stem canker disease. Symptoms of stem canker can be characterized by branch and leaf dryness, bark lesions, discoloration of xylem tissues, longitudinal wood necrosis and extensive gumming. General dieback signs were also observed leading to complete defoliation of leaves and ultimately death of trees in advanced stages. The fungus, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum DSM 109897, was consistently recovered from diseased royal poinciana tissues; this was confirmed by the molecular, structural and morphological studies. Phylogenetic analyses of the translation elongation factor 1-a (TEF1-α) of N. dimidiatum from the …

Go to article

Walking Velocity And Estimated Distance Of The Armored Scale Crawler Rhizaspidiotus Donacis, A Biological Control Agent For Arundo Donax, Joshua A. Villarreal, Alexis Racelis, John A. Goolsby Jun 2021

Walking Velocity And Estimated Distance Of The Armored Scale Crawler Rhizaspidiotus Donacis, A Biological Control Agent For Arundo Donax, Joshua A. Villarreal, Alexis Racelis, John A. Goolsby

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Arundo scale, Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Leonardi) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is an armored scale biological control agent established on the invasive weed, Arundo donax L. (Poaceae; Arundinoideae) at several locations along the Rio Grande in Texas (Goolsby et. al. 2009, Moran and Goolsby 2010, Goolsby et al. 2011, Villarreal et al. 2016). The arundo scale is having significant impact on the target weed in areas where it established (Goolsby and Moran 2019), and no non-target plant use was observed (Goolsby et al. 2020). Armored scale crawlers usually live for less than a day and …

Go to article

Inter- And Intracontinental Migration By The Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus Tyrannus), Daniel H. Kim, Lucas J. Redmond, James R. Fox, Michael T. Murphy Jun 2021

Inter- And Intracontinental Migration By The Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus Tyrannus), Daniel H. Kim, Lucas J. Redmond, James R. Fox, Michael T. Murphy

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

We recovered 12 archival geolocators deployed on Eastern Kingbirds (Tyrannus tyrannus) breeding in New York (NY; n¼3, 2 with 2 years of data), Nebraska (NE; n¼6, 1 with 2 years of data), and Oregon (OR; n¼3) to describe migratory routes, timing and rates of migration, nonbreeding season distributions, and migratory connectedness. NY fall migrants migrated along the Atlantic coast to Florida, flew either nonstop across the Gulf of Mexico (GoM; 2 of 3 birds) or stopped once along the way (Cuba and Cayman Islands in different years) to land in Yucatan/Central America. Fall birds from NE and OR arrived at …

Go to article

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cell Fate Choice Within Specific Retinal Lineages, Estie Schick Jun 2021

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cell Fate Choice Within Specific Retinal Lineages, Estie Schick

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

During development, retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) divide to form all of the cell types that make up the retina. Multipotent RPCs are competent to generate all retinal cell types, while restricted RPCs form specific lineages of cells. In particular, one genetically-defined RPC type preferentially gives rise to cone photoreceptors and horizontal cells. Many of the mechanisms that are responsible for directing cell fate choice within this lineage are unknown. This thesis largely focuses on examining the development of specific cell types and subtypes from restricted RPCs and on investigating the gene regulatory events that underlie cone photoreceptor and horizontal cell …

Go to article

The Importance Of Pre- And Postcopulatory Sexual Selection Promoting Adaptation To Increasing Temperatures, Miguel Gomez-Llano, Eve Scott, Erik I. Svensson Jun 2021

The Importance Of Pre- And Postcopulatory Sexual Selection Promoting Adaptation To Increasing Temperatures, Miguel Gomez-Llano, Eve Scott, Erik I. Svensson

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Global temperatures are increasing rapidly affecting species globally. Understanding if and how different species can adapt fast enough to keep up with increasing temperatures is of vital importance. One mechanism that can accelerate adaptation and promote evolutionary rescue is sexual selection. Two different mechanisms by which sexual selection can facilitate adaptation are pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection. However, the relative effects of these different forms of sexual selection in promoting adaptation are unknown. Here, we present the results from an experimental study in which we exposed fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster to either no mate choice or 1 of 2 different …

Go to article

Quantifying Mitochondrial Dynamics In Patient Fibroblasts With Multiple Developmental Defects And Mitochondrial Disorders, Ajibola B. Bakare, Julienne Daniel, Joshua Stabach, Anapaula Rojas, Austin Bell, Brooke Henry, Shilpa Iyer Jun 2021

Quantifying Mitochondrial Dynamics In Patient Fibroblasts With Multiple Developmental Defects And Mitochondrial Disorders, Ajibola B. Bakare, Julienne Daniel, Joshua Stabach, Anapaula Rojas, Austin Bell, Brooke Henry, Shilpa Iyer

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo rounds of fission and fusion and exhibit a wide range of morphologies that contribute to the regulation of different signaling pathways and various cellular functions. It is important to understand the differences between mitochondrial structure in health and disease so that therapies can be developed to maintain the homeostatic balance of mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial disorders are multisystemic and characterized by complex and variable clinical pathologies. The dynamics of mitochondria in mitochondrial disorders is thus worthy of investigation. Therefore, in this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial dynamics in ten patient-derived fibroblasts containing …

Go to article

These Fish Were Made For Walking: Morphology And Walking Kinematics In Balitorid Loaches, Callie Hendricks Crawford May 2021

These Fish Were Made For Walking: Morphology And Walking Kinematics In Balitorid Loaches, Callie Hendricks Crawford

Dissertations

Terrestrial excursions have been observed in multiple lineages of marine and freshwater fishes. These ventures into the terrestrial environment may be used when fish are searching out new habitat during drought, escaping predation, laying eggs, or seeking food sources. The physiological demands for life under water and on land are vastly different and require different functional adaptations. Fish with terrestrial excursions must be capable of dealing with the stresses of both aquatic and terrestrial environments for varying periods of time. To deal with these stresses, amphibious fishes exhibit many morphological and behavioral adaptations. These adaptations have led to a range …

Go to article

Development Of Deep Learning Neural Network For Ecological And Medical Images, Shaobo Liu May 2021

Development Of Deep Learning Neural Network For Ecological And Medical Images, Shaobo Liu

Dissertations

Deep learning in computer vision and image processing has attracted attentions from various fields including ecology and medical image. Ecologists are interested in finding an effective model structure to classify different species. Tradition deep learning model use a convolutional neural network, such as LeNet, AlexNet, VGG models, residual neural network, and inception models, are first used on classifying bee wing and butterfly datasets. However, insufficient data sample and unbalanced samples in each class have caused a poor accuracy. To make improvement the test accuracy, data augmentation and transfer learning are applied. Recently developed deep learning framework based on mathematical morphology …

Go to article

Into The Neotropics: Perspectives On The Evolution Of Neotropical Myotis, Carlos Alberto Carrión Bonilla Mr May 2021

Into The Neotropics: Perspectives On The Evolution Of Neotropical Myotis, Carlos Alberto Carrión Bonilla Mr

Biology ETDs

In my dissertation, I used morphological, sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing data sets to explore the evolutionary relationships and study cryptic diversity of a extant Neotropical myotine radiation. Using a integrative approach, I described a new species of Myotis from the montane and premontane forest of Panama, Costa Rica and Eastern Ecuador, refining our undestanding of the taxonomy and systematics of the Myotis pilosatibialis complex of bats. Then, using a single locus barcoding approach I explored genetic diversity partitioning across the Myotis radiation with a focus on Neotropical species, ilustrating the phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical species and exploring their species …

Go to article

The Role Of Irak-1 Transcripts In Sepsis, Adithya Subramanian Sahasranamam May 2021

The Role Of Irak-1 Transcripts In Sepsis, Adithya Subramanian Sahasranamam

Theses

Sepsis is a complex, life-threatening syndrome that can lead to systemic organ failure and dysfunction. Its high morbidity and mortality rates makes it a critical global health issue. The primary factors at play during sepsis are abnormal inflammation and a lack of oxygen supply to the tissues and muscles. The toll-like receptors play a crucial role in eliciting innate immune in response to infection, primarily through the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) pathways. Disturbances in the homeostasis of IRAK signaling cascades can lead to immune dysfunction. n this paper, we review the molecular mechanisms of IRAK-1, an important mediator of TLR-induced …

Go to article

Assessment Of Fluoride Bioaccumulation Potential In African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Reared In Fluoride Rich Water, Jophillene Bejumula, Revocatus L Machunda, Liliane J Pasape, Kelvin M Mtei May 2021

Assessment Of Fluoride Bioaccumulation Potential In African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Reared In Fluoride Rich Water, Jophillene Bejumula, Revocatus L Machunda, Liliane J Pasape, Kelvin M Mtei

Tanzania Journal of Science

Fluoride bioaccumulation in fish poses a significant impact on their growth, survival and consequently to upper trophic levels. Few studies have reported the impacts of high fluoride concentrations and their accumulation potential to catfish in African settings. A 60-day catfish cultivation was conducted at Ngarenanyuki ward and the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) in Arusha, Tanzania to determine fluoride bioaccumulation and its impacts to catfish growth and survival. Juvenile catfish were exposed to 36 mg F–/L pond water and synthetic water containing fluoride (NaF) concentrations of 5, 15, 36 and 45 mg/L in aquaria set at …

Go to article

Effects Of Rapid Thermal Annealing On The Properties Of Room-Temperature Oxygenated Dc Sputtered Zinc Thin Films For Czts Solar Cells Application, Emmanuel R Ollotu, Nuru R Mlyuka, Margaret E Samiji May 2021

Effects Of Rapid Thermal Annealing On The Properties Of Room-Temperature Oxygenated Dc Sputtered Zinc Thin Films For Czts Solar Cells Application, Emmanuel R Ollotu, Nuru R Mlyuka, Margaret E Samiji

Tanzania Journal of Science

This work investigated the potential to achieve zinc oxide (ZnO) films for Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells window layer at controlled annealing conditions as a potential approach to address elemental inter-diffusion in CZTS solar cells. This involved rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of room-temperature oxygenated DC sputtered zinc thin films in an ambient of nitrogen gas at different temperatures. Structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of these films were determined by X-ray diffractometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer, and Hall Effect measurement, respectively. ZnO phases were observed after annealing the films over 150 °C. The films’ grains sizes improved with increasing …

Go to article

Levels Of Selected Toxic And Essential Elements In Fish And Oysters From Western Indian Ocean, Coast Of Tanzania, Daniel A Shilla, Shovi F Sawe May 2021

Levels Of Selected Toxic And Essential Elements In Fish And Oysters From Western Indian Ocean, Coast Of Tanzania, Daniel A Shilla, Shovi F Sawe

Tanzania Journal of Science

Concentrations of toxic and essential elements in selected finfish and shellfish collected from Dar es Salaam and Tanga, Indian Ocean coast of Tanzania are presented. The elemental concentrations were determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer coupled with X-lab ProTM software. The mean concentrations of metals observed in finfish and shellfish collected from Tanga ranged from 3.40–5.75, 1.8–37.17, 3.5–7.1, 0.6–1.3, 0.53–0.73 and 16.80–96.70 mg kg–1 for As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively. For Dar es Salaam, the mean concentrations of metals ranged from 3.34–9.46, 2.90–30.53, 3.4–6.9, 0.7–1.0, 0.57–0.80 and 14.2–100.90 mg kg–1 for As, Cu, Mn, Ni, …

Go to article

Determination Of 40k, 226ra And 228ra Concentrations With Dose Rates In Crayfish From Ode Omi River And Radiological Implications To The Consumers, Olusegun Sowole, Qasim Abolanle Adeniji, Muyideen O Olagunju May 2021

Determination Of 40k, 226ra And 228ra Concentrations With Dose Rates In Crayfish From Ode Omi River And Radiological Implications To The Consumers, Olusegun Sowole, Qasim Abolanle Adeniji, Muyideen O Olagunju

Tanzania Journal of Science

Natural radionuclides such as 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra are found naturally in water and sediments of rivers, likewise in soils. They are transferred to aquatic animals through ingestion. Radioactivity concentrations and dose rates of 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra in crayfish species from Ode Omi River in coastal region, Ogun State Southwest of Nigeria were determined by gamma spectrometry using NaI (TI) detector coupled with a pre-amplifier base to a multiple channel analyzer (MCA). 15 samples of crayfish were collected. Cherax tenuimanus had the highest mean concentration and dose rate of values 106.87 ± 9.11 Bq kg–1 and 0.00960 mGy hr–1 …

Go to article

Synthesis And Antimicrobial Activities Of Some New Sulfonyl Phenoxides, Oluwaseyi B Ovonramwen, Bodunde J Owolabi, Abiodun Falodun May 2021

Synthesis And Antimicrobial Activities Of Some New Sulfonyl Phenoxides, Oluwaseyi B Ovonramwen, Bodunde J Owolabi, Abiodun Falodun

Tanzania Journal of Science

Four new sulfonyl phenoxides were synthesized through O-sulfonylation reaction of phenolic compounds with 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methylimidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride in good yield. FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT 135 NMR were carried out to characterize and the thin layer chromatography (TLC) confirm the purity. Antimicrobial activities of the sulfonyl phenoxides against Gram-positive (methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae), and Candida albicans were carried out using the standard microbiological method. The antimicrobial activities were referenced to ciprofloxacin and itraconazole, antibacterial and antifungal drug respectively. The in vitro antimicrobial studies of 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl(4-chloro-3-methyl)phenoxide and 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl-2-methylphenoxide showed moderate activity …

Go to article

Assessment Of The Quality And Quantity Of Organic Matter In The Rufiji Mangrove Surface Sediments Using Biochemical Composition, Daniel A Shilla May 2021

Assessment Of The Quality And Quantity Of Organic Matter In The Rufiji Mangrove Surface Sediments Using Biochemical Composition, Daniel A Shilla

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study was carried out to investigate spatial changes in the quality and quantity of sedimentary organic matter in the Rufiji mangrove system, Tanzania. Sediment samples were collected from three sampling sites. Total organic matter in mangrove sediments ranged from 7.28 ± 2.02% to 10.58 ± 1.34%. Protein concentrations varied from 1,145.33 ± 20.33 μg/g to 2,747.50 ± 25.14 μg/g in the mangrove sediments. Total carbohydrates, lipids and biopolymeric carbon in mangrove sediments ranged between 1,110.50 ± 16.31 μg/g and 1,914.17 ± 27.79 μg/g, 1,436.50 ± 24.13 μg/g and 6,373.50 ± 25.79 μg/g, and 4,496 μg C/g and 10,231.50 μg …

Go to article

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment And Site Analyses Of Arusha International Conference Centre (Aicc), Arusha, Tanzania, Richard W Ferdinand May 2021

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment And Site Analyses Of Arusha International Conference Centre (Aicc), Arusha, Tanzania, Richard W Ferdinand

Tanzania Journal of Science

This work presents the evaluation of earthquake resistance of the Arusha International Conference Centre (AICC) complex, in Tanzania. The evaluation included probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) and site response analysis. Seismic sources considered to constitute a seismic hazard in this study were randomly occurring seismicity located within five tectonic provinces around the site. For each province the seismic hazard is based on a cursory analysis of earthquake data from compiled ESARSWG bulletins and temporary deployed networks within the North Tanzania Divergence (NTD). Bedrock response signal together with the information of material characteristics from boreholes around the AICC site were used …

Go to article

Investigation Of Some Factors Associated With Utilization Of Maternal Health Care Services By Adolescent Mothers In Tanzania, Elia Magwaja, Jacqueline Minja, Majige Selemani Budeba, Rocky R.J. Akarro May 2021

Investigation Of Some Factors Associated With Utilization Of Maternal Health Care Services By Adolescent Mothers In Tanzania, Elia Magwaja, Jacqueline Minja, Majige Selemani Budeba, Rocky R.J. Akarro

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study examined some factors associated with the utilization of maternal health care servicesby adolescent mothers (15-19 years) in Tanzania in order to provide advice accordingly. The studyused cross-sectional study of adolescent mothers aged 15-19 years using Demographic HealthSurvey and Malaria indicator Survey 2015/16 data. The dependent variables were number ofantenatal care visits, the place where an adolescent mother delivered and post-natal checkup(adolescent mother’s health checking after being discharged or after a home delivery). Theindependent variables were birth order, education level of a mother, marital status of a mother,media exposure, wealth index, distance to health facility. Multiple binary logistic regression …

Go to article

Screening Of Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi In Maize And Groundnuts From Three Regions In Tanzania, Kusiluka Agape, Valence Mk Ndesendo, Sartaz Begum May 2021

Screening Of Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi In Maize And Groundnuts From Three Regions In Tanzania, Kusiluka Agape, Valence Mk Ndesendo, Sartaz Begum

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study screened aflatoxin-producing fungi in maize and groundnuts from Dodoma, Singida and Iringa regions in Tanzania, and assessed the level of peoples’ awareness on aflatoxins health effects. One hundred and twenty samples (20 each crop) were collected and inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and one hundred and eleven samples were observed to have fungal growths that were identified to belong to four genera, namely Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor and Dermatophyte with occurrence frequencies of 75, 2.5, 5 and 10%, respectively. Among the four screened genera of fungi, Aspergillus was observed to be the major aflatoxin-producing fungi. Five species of genus …

Go to article

Pathological Scanning Of Ochratoxigenic Moulds Impaired Feed In Vivo, Towards Conceptualizing Their Reverberations On Different Organs, Benjamin T Thomas, Omolara D Popoola, Moses O Efuntoye, Mercy O Coker, Ahmed O Tajudeen May 2021

Pathological Scanning Of Ochratoxigenic Moulds Impaired Feed In Vivo, Towards Conceptualizing Their Reverberations On Different Organs, Benjamin T Thomas, Omolara D Popoola, Moses O Efuntoye, Mercy O Coker, Ahmed O Tajudeen

Tanzania Journal of Science

The role of ochratoxigenic moulds in causing several invasive diseases has been documented but little is known about the effects of these ochratoxigenic moulds contaminated feeds in a laboratory control experiment. This study therefore, examined the pathological effects of ochratoxigenic moulds contaminated feed in order to understand their reverberations on different organs. Thirty two albino rats were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments (T) with eight rats per treatment (T1, T2, T3 and T4). T1 and T2 were female and male control rats, respectively that were fed normal feed, while T3 and T4 were male and female experimental rats that …

Go to article

Bacterial Growth Inhibitory Effects Of Calotropis Procera’S Latex, Leaves And Roots Extracts, Marco Baluhya, Charles O Joseph May 2021

Bacterial Growth Inhibitory Effects Of Calotropis Procera’S Latex, Leaves And Roots Extracts, Marco Baluhya, Charles O Joseph

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial potential of water and ethanolic extracts from Calotropis procera roots, leaves and latex. The growth inhibitory effects of the extracts were tested against Escherichia coli using disc diffusion method. Amoxicillin was used as positive control, whereas ethanol and distilled water were used as negative controls. Results showed that water extracts from root, latex and leaves had 3.27 ± 0.14, 3.1 ± 0.21 and 2.38 ± 0.24 cm of maximum inhibition zones, while the ethanolic extracts showed 2.91 ± 0.19, 3.02 ± 0.16 and 0.84 ± 0.31 cm, respectively of maximum inhibition …

Go to article

Diversity And Substrate-Specificity Of Green Algae And Other Micro-Eukaryotes Colonizing Amphibian Clutches In Germany, Revealed By Dna Metabarcoding, Sten Anslan, Maria Sachs, Lois Rancilhac, Henner Brinkmann, Jörn Petersen, Sven Künzel, Anja Schwarz, Hartmut Arndt, Ryan R. Kerney, Miguel Vences May 2021

Diversity And Substrate-Specificity Of Green Algae And Other Micro-Eukaryotes Colonizing Amphibian Clutches In Germany, Revealed By Dna Metabarcoding, Sten Anslan, Maria Sachs, Lois Rancilhac, Henner Brinkmann, Jörn Petersen, Sven Künzel, Anja Schwarz, Hartmut Arndt, Ryan R. Kerney, Miguel Vences

Biology Faculty Publications

Amphibian clutches are colonized by diverse but poorly studied communities of micro-organisms. One of the most noted ones is the unicellular green alga, Oophila amblystomatis, but the occurrence and role of other micro-organisms in the capsular chamber surrounding amphibian clutches have remained largely unstudied. Here, we undertook a multi-marker DNA metabarcoding study to characterize the community of algae and other micro-eukaryotes associated with agile frog (Rana dalmatina) clutches. Samplings were performed at three small ponds in Germany, from four substrates: water, sediment, tree leaves from the bottom of the pond, and R. dalmatina clutches. Sampling substrate strongly …

Go to article

Larval Chondrocranial And Internal Oral Morphology Of The Neotropical Treefrog Boana Crepitans (Wied-Neuwied, 1824; Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae), Marianna Isabella Rosa Rodrigues De Oliveira, Luiz Norberto Weber, Johnny Sousa Ferreira, Anna Evelin Coimbra Liborio, André Masahide Guimaraes Takazone, Rafael O. De Sá May 2021

Larval Chondrocranial And Internal Oral Morphology Of The Neotropical Treefrog Boana Crepitans (Wied-Neuwied, 1824; Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae), Marianna Isabella Rosa Rodrigues De Oliveira, Luiz Norberto Weber, Johnny Sousa Ferreira, Anna Evelin Coimbra Liborio, André Masahide Guimaraes Takazone, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

We describe the internal oral morphology and chondrocranial anatomy for Boana crepitans tadpoles, and compare them with available descriptions for other species in the subfamily Cophomantinae. Among species of the Boana faber group, the chondrocranial anatomy has been reported only for one species internal oral morphology and cranial anatomy are similar to other described species of Boana and Cophomantinae. B. crepitans lacks unique features in the oral cavity and chondrocranium that would distinguish it from other congeneric species. We identify six characters from the internal oral anatomy of tadpoles unique for Cophomantinae. In addition, Boana has infralabial papillae projections, buccal …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last