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2017

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Articles 1471 - 1500 of 1882

Full-Text Articles in Biology

An Observational Study Of Ticks On The 30 Acre Lake Trail At Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, Robert E. Shadix Jr. Jan 2017

An Observational Study Of Ticks On The 30 Acre Lake Trail At Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, Robert E. Shadix Jr.

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Ticks are known carriers of bacterial pathogens that cause diseases in humans and other mammals. Hosts (mice, chipmunks, rabbits, deer, and elk) must be in the tick’s questing range to fulfill the life cycle. The questing range depends on the life stage of the tick, vegetation, and host accessibility. Mammal densities directly affect the number of questing ticks observed in the environment. The 30 Acre Lake Trail site was selected for this study due to the high density of Dermacentor species ticks observed in past studies and the only known site of Rickettsia rickettsii pathogen isolated from ticks on the …

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A Macroinvertebrate Bioassessment Of Two Streams On Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge (Tnwr), Sultan Mohammad Areshi Jan 2017

A Macroinvertebrate Bioassessment Of Two Streams On Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge (Tnwr), Sultan Mohammad Areshi

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

This project focused on highly impacted streams at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, Cheney, WA to evaluate the health status and ecosystem integrity of the water bodies. Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge contains over 3,000 acres of wetlands, and provides high quality habitat for migrating and breeding waterfowl. However, these wetlands are impacted by both high nutrient levels (Davidson and Rule 2006) and invasive fish (Scholz et al. 2003). This project focused on stream sections of the Company Ditch (CD) and Pine Draw (PD) watersheds. Company Ditch historically had very high nutrient levels and low water quality. Water quality may be improving …

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Invasion Routes And Evolution Of Brook Stickleback (Culaea Inconstans) In Eastern Washington, Samuel Gunselman Jan 2017

Invasion Routes And Evolution Of Brook Stickleback (Culaea Inconstans) In Eastern Washington, Samuel Gunselman

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Chapter 1. Invasive species pose a serious threat to native ecosystems. In eastern Washington brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) is an important invasive species, especially at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, where they compete with waterfowl for food resources and are associated with declines in habitat quality. Understanding the invasion routes of this invasive species may help managers implement strategies to prevent further spread and mitigate damages caused by these fish. The objectives of this study were to identify the most likely point of brook stickleback invasion, to determine their most likely invasion routes, and to investigate landscape features and processes that …

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Interactions Between Lake Trout And Bull Trout In The Priest Lake System, Idaho, Derek C. Entz Jan 2017

Interactions Between Lake Trout And Bull Trout In The Priest Lake System, Idaho, Derek C. Entz

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Seasonal and directional movements, and distributions of Bull Trout and Lake Trout between Priest Lake and Upper Priest Lake, Idaho, were studied from May 2015 to April 2017. Lake Trout (n=220) and Bull Trout (n=40) movements were monitored using Lotek JSATS transmitters and hydrophones both passively, using gate formations at either end of the Thorofare, and actively in both lakes. No significant difference was found between directional or seasonal movements of either species (P>0.05) and all movements were observed when water surface temperatures were below 15oC. Poisson regression analysis indicated that there were significantly more detections by the Upper …

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Survivorship And Growth Among Three Developmental Stages Of Black Mangrove (Avicennia Germinans) Seedlings In Southernmost Texas, Frank W. Judd, Kenneth R. Sunny, Robert I. Lonard, Ruben A. Mazariegos Jan 2017

Survivorship And Growth Among Three Developmental Stages Of Black Mangrove (Avicennia Germinans) Seedlings In Southernmost Texas, Frank W. Judd, Kenneth R. Sunny, Robert I. Lonard, Ruben A. Mazariegos

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Black mangrove is useful for shoreline stabilization in Texas and Mexico but there is insufficient information regarding propagule survivorship and seedling growth. We compared survivorship and growth of three develop-mental groups of black mangrove seedlings planted on three dredge spoil islands in the Lower Laguna Madre of Texas, to better understand optimum planting strategy. Each spoil island had 100 seedlings without emergent radicles, 100 seedlings with emergent radicles, and 75 head-started seedlings. Survivorship of seedlings with and with-out emergent radicles was low, (0-16%). Survivorship of head-started seedlings was higher, (60 – 62.7%). Varia-tion in survivorship among developmental categories was significant …

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Redd Habitat Selection For Brook Trout In The Necktie River Bemidji, Mn, William Varela, Zachary Buckley Jan 2017

Redd Habitat Selection For Brook Trout In The Necktie River Bemidji, Mn, William Varela, Zachary Buckley

Journal of Earth and Life Science

The presence of quality suitable habitat is important for the success of naturally reproducing Brook Trout populations. Therefore, measuring redd habitat Brook Trout select for was the focus of this study. Brook Trout redds were observed during the spawning season of 2016. We identified a total of 18 redds in the Necktie River in late October and early November. Specific environmental variables associated with redd selection were measured: velocity, in-stream cover, canopy cover, bank overhang, river width, substrate type and size, temperature, and max-depth. The same environmental variables were measured for 30 randomly selected sites. Redds were distributed in riffles …

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Influence Of Time Spent In Captivity On Aggressive Behaviors Of Gray Wolves Canis Lupus, Chelsea Knutson Jan 2017

Influence Of Time Spent In Captivity On Aggressive Behaviors Of Gray Wolves Canis Lupus, Chelsea Knutson

Journal of Earth and Life Science

Knowledge of the characteristics that promote group success is key to understanding the adaptive advantages of sociality for many group-oriented species. In this study, nine Gray Wolves Canis lupis were each observed twelve times over a period of six months to determine if the amount of time spent in the wild/captivity had any effect on aggressive behaviors. The number of aggressive behaviors were recorded for each wolf during each observation. The nine wolves were separated into three groups depending on their upbringing; born and raised in captivity, born in the wild and raised in captivity, and born and raised in …

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The Role Of The Y-Chromosome In The Evolution Of Autosomally Coded Traits, Ian Kutch Jan 2017

The Role Of The Y-Chromosome In The Evolution Of Autosomally Coded Traits, Ian Kutch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recent work indicates that the Y-chromosome of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster can influence gene regulation on the autosomes and X chromosome. This newly discovered function of the Y has the potential to dramatically shape the regulatory evolution of numerous genes that reside throughout the genome; even for genes that code for both male and female traits. Given that the mechanism underlying the Y-linked influence on gene expression in D. melanogaster appears to exist in other independently evolved heterogametic sex chromosomes, the evolutionary implications of Y-linked regulatory variation (YRV) deserves to be explored. These implications include the potential for Y-chromosomes …

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The Fleas (Arthropoda: Insecta: Siphonaptera) Of Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Lance A. Durden, Henry W. Robison, Matthew B. Connior Jan 2017

The Fleas (Arthropoda: Insecta: Siphonaptera) Of Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Lance A. Durden, Henry W. Robison, Matthew B. Connior

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) are important ectoparasites of cats, dogs, other mammals (including humans), and birds, and are an important component of the biota of North America. In addition, they can be nuisance biters and serve as vectors or intermediate hosts of several flea-borne disease agents and parasites that negatively affect mammals and birds. In Arkansas, there have been no recent comprehensive summaries of fleas in the last 45+ years. Here, we provide a summary of the 29 species of fleas within 7 families that have been recorded from the state, update their taxonomy, and note their medical and veterinary importance.

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Local Scale Comparisons Of Avian And Woody Vegetation Communities Within Four Arkansas State Parks, Bennett P. Grooms, Rachael E. Urbanek Jan 2017

Local Scale Comparisons Of Avian And Woody Vegetation Communities Within Four Arkansas State Parks, Bennett P. Grooms, Rachael E. Urbanek

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Measuring the spatial distribution of biotic communities can provide useful data to wildlife managers on how and why species assemblages differ across a landscape. During 18 May – 7 August 2015, we conducted avian point counts and collected vegetation data in nested subplots at 4 Arkansas state parks. We then used a series of one-way ANOVAs and Kruskal-Wallis tests to examine differences in species richness, Simpson’s evenness, Simpson’s diversity, and Bray-Curtis similarity across the 4 parks. Mount Magazine State Park had the lowest avian evenness (F3,22 = 9.57 P = 0.003) and diversity (F3,22 = 17.8 …

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Cumulative Herbivory Outpaces Compensation For Early Floral Damage On A Monocarpic Perennial Thistle, Natalie M. West, Svata M. Louda Jan 2017

Cumulative Herbivory Outpaces Compensation For Early Floral Damage On A Monocarpic Perennial Thistle, Natalie M. West, Svata M. Louda

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Floral herbivory represents a major threat to plant reproductive success, driving the importance of plant tolerance mechanisms that minimize fitness costs. However, the cumulative insect herbivory plants experience under natural conditions complicates predictions about tolerance contributions to net fitness. Apical damage can lead to compensatory seed production from late season flowering that ameliorates early season fitness losses. Yet, the compensation realized depends on successful development and herbivore escape by later season flowers. Using monocarpic perennial Cirsium canescens, we quantified seed-reproductive fitness of plants with vs. without experimental damage to the early-developing large apical flower head, with and without a …

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Estrogen Receptor Levels Higher In “Bad” Maternal Rats Than In “Good” Maternal Rats, Keaton A. Unroe Jan 2017

Estrogen Receptor Levels Higher In “Bad” Maternal Rats Than In “Good” Maternal Rats, Keaton A. Unroe

Longwood Senior Theses

In mammalian species, parental care is critical for the survival as well as the mental and physical well-being of offspring (Dulac, 2014). This is particularly true in humans; researchers have long been interested in what the effects are of differences in parental upbringing, including the absence of parents (e.g., Cabrera et al., 2000) and differences in disciplinary parenting styles (e.g., Baumrind, 1967). Though tempting to think of all parents as “good” parents in both the human and animal worlds, that clearly is not the case; sadly, there are “bad” parents as well. For instance, cross-sectional studies in humans on parent-child …

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Macropinosome Maturation Is A Clathrin Dependent Process In Bone Marrow Macrophages, Susmita Poudel Jan 2017

Macropinosome Maturation Is A Clathrin Dependent Process In Bone Marrow Macrophages, Susmita Poudel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Macrophages nonspecifically take up extracellular fluids, solutes and macromolecules by macropinocytosis. Understanding the mechanisms of macropinosome maturation will inform the study of lipid uptake, viral entry, antigen processing and presentation, as well as regulation of cell growth. Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) is internalized by small vesicle endocytosis, trafficked to nascent macropinosomes and degraded. These CSF-1R positive macropinosomes mature through a sequence similar to endosomes, progressing from EEA1 and Rab5 to Rab7 positive vesicles before fusing with lysosomes. Here we report the assembly of clathrin on internalized macropinosomes shown both by live-cell microscopy of cells expressing clathrin light chain-yellow fluorescent …

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Lipid-Laden Macrophages Downregulate Akt Phosphorylation And Metabolize Lipid Droplets Via Autophagy, Rifat Sultana Jan 2017

Lipid-Laden Macrophages Downregulate Akt Phosphorylation And Metabolize Lipid Droplets Via Autophagy, Rifat Sultana

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Macrophages contribute to plaque formation in atherosclerosis. Macrophages take up modified low-density lipoproteins and store excess cholesterol and triglycerides in lipid droplet organelles. Evidence of lipid-laden macrophages or “foam cells” is apparent on histology sections of diseased arteries, and this lipid-laden appearance can be recreated in cell culture upon exposure of cultured macrophages to acetylated LDL (Ac-LDL). Under nutrient stress, neutral lipids in lipid droplets are hydrolyzed by lipolysis, autophagy, or both. However, these processes are not well understood in macrophages. We created lipidladen macrophages by 24-h exposure to Ac-LDL and analyzed dynamics of lipid droplet metabolism following removal of …

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Effect Of Ultrasonication On Biofilm Forming Ability Of Common Dairy Sporeformers, Taghreed Almalki Jan 2017

Effect Of Ultrasonication On Biofilm Forming Ability Of Common Dairy Sporeformers, Taghreed Almalki

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sporeformers are common dairy contaminants, which are of a great concern to the dairy industry. Quality of dairy products is affected by these sporeformers such as Bacillus species, which are a significant cause of spoilage of dairy products. Thermal processes such as pasteurization have been used to inactivate pathogens, but some of the sporeformers and their endospores are resistant to such heat treatments. Beside thermal treatments, various new approaches are being developed to improve the quality of dairy products. Amongst these, ultrasonication is a promising non-thermal technique for the inactivation of thermoduric sporeformers and their endospores. Current study was carried …

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Surveillance Of Emerging Livestock Viruses, Faten A. Okda Jan 2017

Surveillance Of Emerging Livestock Viruses, Faten A. Okda

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Accurate and rapid diagnostic tests are essential for the management and control of emerging infectious diseases. Therefore, the overall goals of studies presented in this dissertation were to provide improved diagnostic and surveillance capabilities for several emerging viral diseases impacting the livestock industry and to provide insight into appropriate control strategies. Recent, severe outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in Asia and North America highlighted the need for well-validated diagnostic tests for identification of PEDV infected animals and evaluation of their immune status. PEDV was first detected in the U.S. in May 2013 and another swine coronavirus, porcine deltacoronavirus …

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Distribution, Habitat, And Life History Aspects Of The Shrimp Crayfish, Faxonius Lancifer (Hagen) (Decapoda: Cambaridae) In Arkansas, Henry W. Robison, Chris T. Mcallister, Renn Tumlison Jan 2017

Distribution, Habitat, And Life History Aspects Of The Shrimp Crayfish, Faxonius Lancifer (Hagen) (Decapoda: Cambaridae) In Arkansas, Henry W. Robison, Chris T. Mcallister, Renn Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Shrimp Crayfish, Faxonius (formerly Orconectes) lancifer (Hagen) is an uncommon, although widespread, crayfish in Arkansas. This species is herein documented from 19 counties of the Gulf Coastal Plain physiographic region. Between 1974 and 2017, we made 344 collections throughout the 75 counties of Arkansas, of which 22 (6%) yielded 163 specimens of F. lancifer. Thus, from these collections, plus 10 unpublished collections of Reimer (1963), and one collection from G.L. Harp, a total of 34 collections of F. lancifer are now known from the state. Faxonius lancifer ranged from uncommon (1 specimen) to locally abundant …

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The Fishes Of Chadron Creek, Dawes County, Nebraska, Chris T. Mcallister, Michael B. Leite, Renn Tumlison Jan 2017

The Fishes Of Chadron Creek, Dawes County, Nebraska, Chris T. Mcallister, Michael B. Leite, Renn Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

This first modern comprehensive survey of fishes collected from Chadron Creek, Dawes County, Nebraska, documents collections made with a small seine and backpack electrofisher during November 2007 and February and March 2008. Chadron Creek’s fish community is of low diversity. The total of 3 collections at each of 9 stations along the length of Chadron Creek resulted in 254 individual fishes, which represented only 7 species within 4 families. Water quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, temperature and fecal coliform counts indicate that Chadron Creek is a healthy stream capable of supporting a greater diversity of …

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Sun-Bathing By Greater Roadrunners – A Neglected Aspect Of Their Range Extension, Kimberly G. Smith, Joseph C. Neal, J. C. Reynolds Jan 2017

Sun-Bathing By Greater Roadrunners – A Neglected Aspect Of Their Range Extension, Kimberly G. Smith, Joseph C. Neal, J. C. Reynolds

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Transient Alt Activation Protects Human Primary Cells From Chromosome Instability Induced By Low Chronic Oxidative Stress, Elisa Coluzzi, Rossella Buonsante, Stefano Leone, Anthony J. Asmar, Kelley L. Miller, Daniela Cimini, Antonella Sgura Jan 2017

Transient Alt Activation Protects Human Primary Cells From Chromosome Instability Induced By Low Chronic Oxidative Stress, Elisa Coluzzi, Rossella Buonsante, Stefano Leone, Anthony J. Asmar, Kelley L. Miller, Daniela Cimini, Antonella Sgura

Bioelectrics Publications

Cells are often subjected to the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a result of both intracellular metabolism and exposure to exogenous factors. ROS-dependent oxidative stress can induce 8-oxodG within the GGG triplet found in the G-rich human telomeric sequence (TTAGGG), making telomeres highly susceptible to ROS-induced oxidative damage. Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes that protect the ends of linear chromosomes and their dysfunction is believed to affect a wide range of cellular and/or organismal processes. Acute oxidative stress was shown to affect telomere integrity, but how prolonged low level oxidative stress, which may be more physiologically relevant, affects telomeres …

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Inbreeding Depression In The Introduced Spider Latrodectus Geometricus, Margaret A. Howard Jan 2017

Inbreeding Depression In The Introduced Spider Latrodectus Geometricus, Margaret A. Howard

Honors College Theses

The brown widow spider (Latrodectus geometricus) is thought to be native to South America or Southern Africa, but its distribution has expanded to most continents by human introduction. In the continental USA, L. geometricus was first documented in south Florida in the 1930’s. In the early 2000’s a population expansion occurred, and this species is now found in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and southern California. Introduced species may face many obstacles when establishing a new population. One common obstacle might be severe inbreeding following founder events or genetic bottlenecks. The purpose of this study was …

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The Biological Stress Response In Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis Macrochirus) To Variations In Environmental Temperature And Dissolved Oxygen Content., Monique Kellman Jan 2017

The Biological Stress Response In Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis Macrochirus) To Variations In Environmental Temperature And Dissolved Oxygen Content., Monique Kellman

Honors College Theses

With the predicted increase in global water temperature and acute hypoxic episodes, knowledge of the effects these stressors can have on local aquatic life is extremely valuable. This study thereby quantified the change in metabolic rate in Bluegill sunfish, in response to increased temperature and low dissolved oxygen concentration, by utilizing intermittent flow respirometry. Both maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were determined in response to variations in dissolved oxygen content, specifically > 95% O2 and 40% O2. Additionally, three temperature treatment groups were established, with temperatures of 20, 25 and 30°C in order to …

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Blow Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Responses To Different Colors Of Baited Traps, Oluwadamilola Olufunso Oke Jan 2017

Blow Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Responses To Different Colors Of Baited Traps, Oluwadamilola Olufunso Oke

Honors College Theses

Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are usually the first insects to colonize human remains. By determining the time of colonization, a postmortem interval (PMI), or “time of death”, can be estimated. To develop more accurate PMI estimates, it is important for forensic entomologists to understand the cues that Blow flies use to locate vertebrate remains. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Blow flies use visual cues, in addition to olfactory cues, to locate carrion. Two colors of fly traps, clear and green, were constructed and chicken gizzard used as bait. Three Blow fly species exhibited a significant preference …

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Testing The Optomotor Response In Sepia Bandensis, Lauren E. Thompson Jan 2017

Testing The Optomotor Response In Sepia Bandensis, Lauren E. Thompson

Honors College Theses

Cephalopods (octopus, squid, and cuttlefish) have commonly been used as models to test visual function and camouflage due to their similarity in eye morphology with humans and because of their readily observable changes in body color in response to visual stimuli. Most studies have used a single species, Sepia officinalis, to make broad conclusions about camouflage and vision. However, these generalizations may not be applicable to all species. Here, I have examined visual function of the dwarf cuttlefish (Sepia bandensis), which differs from S. officinalis in habitat, geographic range, and size. Using the optomotor response, I quantified …

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The Hidden History Of Humming Frogs, Rafael O. De Sá Jan 2017

The Hidden History Of Humming Frogs, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

In the depths of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, researchers are battling to identify species before they are lost for good. Dr Rafael O de Sá, Professor of Biology at the University of Richmond, Virginia, USA, specialises in a group known as the ‘narrow-mouthed frogs’ and has already found four species new to science.

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Sepals And Petals And Stamens—Oh, My! Or, A Brief Discourse On Putative Homologies Of Perianth Elements Of Common Black Cohosh, W. John Hayden Jan 2017

Sepals And Petals And Stamens—Oh, My! Or, A Brief Discourse On Putative Homologies Of Perianth Elements Of Common Black Cohosh, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

I encountered some contradictory information while preparing to write the 2017 Wildflower of the Year brochure: some sources describe flowers of Actaea racemosa, Common Black Cohosh, as having petals, while others say petals are absent. How can that be? How could there be such uncertainty about this common plant, one known to science since before the time of Linnaeus? After a little research, I decided to describe Black Cohosh flowers as having a series of organs interpretable either as staminodes (nonfunctional stamens) or as petals located between its sepals and stamens (Figure 1). Frankly, I waffled on the petal issue, …

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Actaea Racemosa: The Slender Wands Of Flowering Common Black Cohosh Beckon Us To Explore Woodlands, W. John Hayden Jan 2017

Actaea Racemosa: The Slender Wands Of Flowering Common Black Cohosh Beckon Us To Explore Woodlands, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Common Black Cohosh is a perennial rhizomatous forest herb. Its horizontal rhizomes bear numerous adventitious roots on the underside and aerial stems of annual duration on the upper side, along with knobby scars left from aerial stems of previous years. Leaves are alternate, twice or thrice compound in ternate or pinnate patterns, and large—up to 1 m long. Individual leaflet size and shape vary with position in the large compound leaves, with position of a leaf on the stem, and from population to population. Most often leaflets are coarsely serrate, lobed to deeply incised, with a truncate to cuneate base …

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Is High Folic Acid Intake A Risk Factor For Autism?—A Review, Darrell Wiens, M. Catherine Desoto Jan 2017

Is High Folic Acid Intake A Risk Factor For Autism?—A Review, Darrell Wiens, M. Catherine Desoto

Faculty Work

Folate is required for metabolic processes and neural development. Insuring its adequate levels for pregnant women through supplementation of grain-based foods with synthetic folic acid (FA) in order to prevent neural tube defects has been an ongoing public health initiative. However, because women are advised to take multivitamins containing FA before and throughout pregnancy, the supplementation together with natural dietary folates has led to a demographic with high and rising serum levels of unmetabolized FA. This raises concerns about the detrimental effects of high serum synthetic FA, including a rise in risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Some recent studies …

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Protein Kinase Activity Toward Taabf1 In Imbibing Grains, Taylor P. Enrico Jan 2017

Protein Kinase Activity Toward Taabf1 In Imbibing Grains, Taylor P. Enrico

Honors Theses

The hormones gibberellin and abscisic acid are essential for plant responses to changing environmental conditions, and can send opposing signals. In wheat, the transcription factor TaABF1 plays an important role at the intersection of a gibberellin-induced/abscisic acid-suppressed pathway. When gibberellin dominates, the GA-induced gene, Amy32b, is transcribed. When abscisic acid is dominant, TaABF1 is active and it downregulates GA-induction of Amy32b, while promoting ABA-induced transcription of the gene HVA1. The activity of TaABF1 is thought to be regulated by post-translational phosphorylation at key serine residues. In this study, to determine TaABF1 phosphorylation by wheat kinases, we purified recombinant …

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The Effect Of Post-Translational Modifications On Icer's Function And Localization, Dina H. Edani Jan 2017

The Effect Of Post-Translational Modifications On Icer's Function And Localization, Dina H. Edani

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) is an endogenous repressor of cAMPresponsive element (CRE) with antiproliferative properties that acts as a potential suppresser for tumors especially melanoma. ICER activity and cellular localization are orchestrated by the performance of the post-translational modifications (PTMs). Ubiquitination and sumoylation are two of the most important types of PTMs that control diverse groups of biological processes for ICER protein. The goal of this project is to study how post-translational modifications alter the function of the transcriptional repressor Inducible cAMP Early Repressor (ICER) in melanoma cells. Since ICER ubiquitination and sumoylation processes take place on the interaction …

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