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2013

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Articles 1441 - 1470 of 1508

Full-Text Articles in Biology

A Holistic Approach For Selection Of Bacillus Spp. As A Bioremediator For Shrimp Postlarvae Culture, Thimmalapura Devaraja, Sanjoy Banerjee, Fatimah Yusoff, Mohamed Shariff, Helena Khatoon Jan 2013

A Holistic Approach For Selection Of Bacillus Spp. As A Bioremediator For Shrimp Postlarvae Culture, Thimmalapura Devaraja, Sanjoy Banerjee, Fatimah Yusoff, Mohamed Shariff, Helena Khatoon

Turkish Journal of Biology

Indigenous Bacillus pumilus, B. licheniformis, and B. subtilis were isolated from marine water and soil samples and investigated for potential bioremediation ability in Penaeus monodon culture. Bacillus spp. were selected based on their wide range of growth conditions, ease of mass culture, tolerance to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), inhibition of pathogenic vibrios, nonpathogenicity, and ability to reduce TAN. Results showed that optimum growth of the selected Bacillus spp. occurred at 30 °C, pH 7.5, and 1.5% NaCl, and they secreted protease, amylase, and lipase. Vibrio spp. were also inhibited by 3 Bacillus spp. In addition, the selected Bacillus spp. had …

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Using Seedlessness-Related Molecular Markers In Grapevine Breeding For Seedlessness Via Marker-Assisted Selection Into Muscat Of Hamburg × Sultani Progeny, Murat Akkurt, Ati̇lla Çakir, Mi̇na Shi̇dfar, Fi̇li̇z Mutaf, Gökhan Söylemezoğlu Jan 2013

Using Seedlessness-Related Molecular Markers In Grapevine Breeding For Seedlessness Via Marker-Assisted Selection Into Muscat Of Hamburg × Sultani Progeny, Murat Akkurt, Ati̇lla Çakir, Mi̇na Shi̇dfar, Fi̇li̇z Mutaf, Gökhan Söylemezoğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

The seedlessness-related molecular markers VMC7f2, SCC8, and SCF27 were used for the early selection of seedless individuals in the Muscat of Hamburg (seeded) × Sultani (seedless) progeny of 314 F1 hybrids. The DNA from F1 hybrids was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 3 markers. After digestion of the SCC8 marker PCR amplification products by restriction enzyme Bgl II, 72 individuals showed homozygous SCC8+/SCC8+ alleles at the seed development inhibitor locus, 76 individuals of the progeny amplified with the SCF27 marker produced 2.0-kb bands, and 118 individuals with seedlessness-related 198-bp alleles amplified with the VMC7f2 marker were selected as …

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Antioxidant Activity Of In Vitro Propagated Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Plants Of Different Origins, Ely Zayova, Ira Stancheva, Maria Geneva, Maria Petrova, Lyudmila Dimitrova Jan 2013

Antioxidant Activity Of In Vitro Propagated Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Plants Of Different Origins, Ely Zayova, Ira Stancheva, Maria Geneva, Maria Petrova, Lyudmila Dimitrova

Turkish Journal of Biology

An efficient in vitro protocol for propagation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is described. Multiple shoots were induced in vitro from shoot tip and nodal segments on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine, zeatin, or thidiazuron alone and in combination with naphthalene acetic acid or indole-3-acetic acid. A high frequency of shoot induction as well as maximum number of shoots per shoot tip explant was observed on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg L^{-1}) alone and combined with indole-3-acetic acid (0.1 mg L^{-1}). For root induction, in vitro shoots were transferred to rooting media containing naphthalene acetic acid, …

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Comparison Of The Volatiles Of Daphne Pontica L. And D. Oleoides Schreber Subsp. Oleoides Isolated By Hydro- And Microdistillation Methods, İlhan Gürbüz, Betül Demi̇rci̇, Gerhard Franz, Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer, Erdem Yeşi̇lada, Fati̇h Demi̇rci̇ Jan 2013

Comparison Of The Volatiles Of Daphne Pontica L. And D. Oleoides Schreber Subsp. Oleoides Isolated By Hydro- And Microdistillation Methods, İlhan Gürbüz, Betül Demi̇rci̇, Gerhard Franz, Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer, Erdem Yeşi̇lada, Fati̇h Demi̇rci̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

Aerial parts of Daphne pontica were collected from Ilgaz-Çankırı, and D. oleoides subsp. oleoides was collected from 2 different localities (Ayrancı-Karaman and Ilgaz-Çankırı) in Turkey. The samples were subjected to hydrodistillation and microdistillation. The resulting volatile samples were analyzed both by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The main components for D. pontica were identified as hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (8.6%), carvacrol (8.5%), dihydroedulane II (4.7%), (E)-geranyl acetone (4.6%), and thymol (4.5%), while nonacosane (42.5% and 27.2%), hexadecanoic acid (24.4% and 20.0%), phytol (12.3%), and carvacrol (5.0%) were identified as the main components of D. oleoides subsp. oleoides obtained …

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Investigation Of The Genotoxic And Antigenotoxic Properties Of Essential Oils Obtained From Two Origanum Species By Drosophila Wing Smart Assay, Eşref Demi̇r, Bülent Kaya, Ricard Marcos, Serap Kocaoğlu Cenkci̇, Hüseyi̇n Çeti̇n Jan 2013

Investigation Of The Genotoxic And Antigenotoxic Properties Of Essential Oils Obtained From Two Origanum Species By Drosophila Wing Smart Assay, Eşref Demi̇r, Bülent Kaya, Ricard Marcos, Serap Kocaoğlu Cenkci̇, Hüseyi̇n Çeti̇n

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, essential oils extracted from 2 species of oregano, Origanum onites L. and Origanum minutiflorum O.Schwarz & P.H.Davis, were assayed for genotoxicity using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Results indicated that there is no significant genotoxic effect of the 2 oils tested. In addition, the antigenotoxic activities of these oils against potassium dichromate (K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}) and cobalt chloride (CoCl_{2}) were tested. Results indicated that essential oil cotreatments were able to abolish the genotoxic effects induced by the 2 metal compounds. It is suggested that the observed effects can be linked to the antioxidant properties …

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Micropropagule Production From Trichoderma Harzianum Ege-K38 Using Solid-State Fermentation And A Comparative Study For Drying Methods, Sayit Sargin, Yüksel Gezgi̇n, Rengi̇n Eltem, Fazi̇let Vardar Jan 2013

Micropropagule Production From Trichoderma Harzianum Ege-K38 Using Solid-State Fermentation And A Comparative Study For Drying Methods, Sayit Sargin, Yüksel Gezgi̇n, Rengi̇n Eltem, Fazi̇let Vardar

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, Trichoderma harzianum EGE-K38 was used for micropropagule production in solid-state fermentation. Various inexpensive agricultural co-products including wheat bran, sawdust, rice straw, hazelnut shell, grape marc, and cotton seed cake were tested as natural substrates, and zeolite was tested as an inert support for micropropagule production. Several parameters were determined to obtain maximum micropropagule production: the effects of various nitrogen sources, initial moisture content, initial pH, incubation temperature, and incubation time. Maximum micropropagule count achieved was (1.30 ± 0.68) × 10^{10} cfu/g dry substrate with a wheat bran-malt sprout mixture (3:2), at 28 °C, an initial moisture content …

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Toxicities Of Diuron And Irgarol On The Hatchability And Early Stage Development Of Artemia Salina, Hakan Alyürük, Levent Çavaş Jan 2013

Toxicities Of Diuron And Irgarol On The Hatchability And Early Stage Development Of Artemia Salina, Hakan Alyürük, Levent Çavaş

Turkish Journal of Biology

Booster biocides are widely used in antifouling paints as bioactive agents against fouling organisms. In previously published reports, acute toxicity tests on Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) were only focused on a part of the life cycle of the organism. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicities of diuron and irgarol on the hatching stage of A. salina. According to the results, diuron significantly decreased the hatching percentage of A. salina cysts and prevented the hatching of larvae. The EC_{50} value for diuron was found as 12.01 mg/L. On the other hand, irgarol had no effect on the …

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The Effects Of Zinc Chloride During Early Embryonic Development In Zebrafish (Brachydanio Rerio), Melek Küçükoğlu, Uğur Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Ayper Boğa Pekmezekmek Jan 2013

The Effects Of Zinc Chloride During Early Embryonic Development In Zebrafish (Brachydanio Rerio), Melek Küçükoğlu, Uğur Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Ayper Boğa Pekmezekmek

Turkish Journal of Biology

This study investigated the developmental toxicity of zinc chloride (ZnCl_{2}) in zebrafish embryos (Brachydanio rerio, Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 5 different concentrations of ZnCl_{2}, from the blastula stage, for 15 days under static renewal test conditions. As a result, the corresponding median lethal concentration (LC_{50}) value determined for ZnCl_2 exposure was 1.36 mg/L (0.65 mg/L as a lone Zn^{2+} ion). At 1.0 mg/L ZnCl_{2}, the exposed group's hatching began at 7 days instead of at 4 days, and most of the embryos died in the chorion without hatching at 11 and 12 days. Developmental deformities such as …

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Effect Of Nitrogen Supply On The C/N Balance In The Lichen Evernia Prunastri (L.) Ach., Silvana Munzi, Tommaso Pisani, Luca Paoli, Monia Renzi, Stefano Loppi Jan 2013

Effect Of Nitrogen Supply On The C/N Balance In The Lichen Evernia Prunastri (L.) Ach., Silvana Munzi, Tommaso Pisani, Luca Paoli, Monia Renzi, Stefano Loppi

Turkish Journal of Biology

This study investigated the relationship between nitrogen and carbon in the thalli of the lichen Evernia prunastri, with an emphasis on the role of the C/N balance in the response of this species to N excess. For this purpose, thalli collected at a remote site were sprayed for 5 weeks with NH_{4}NO_{3} (0.05 and 1 M) and (NH_{4})_{2}SO_4 (0.025 and 0.5 M) solutions, and later analyzed for their C and N content. The results showed that the total N content of thalli increased and the total C content decreased along with increasing N concentration in the treatment solutions. Consequently, the …

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First Records And Microgeographical Variations Of Culturable Heterotrophic Bacteria In An Inner Sea (The Sea Of Marmara) Between The Mediterranean And The Black Sea, Turkey, Gülşen Altuğ, Mi̇ne Çardak, Peli̇n Sali̇ha Çi̇ftçi̇, Sevan Gürün Jan 2013

First Records And Microgeographical Variations Of Culturable Heterotrophic Bacteria In An Inner Sea (The Sea Of Marmara) Between The Mediterranean And The Black Sea, Turkey, Gülşen Altuğ, Mi̇ne Çardak, Peli̇n Sali̇ha Çi̇ftçi̇, Sevan Gürün

Turkish Journal of Biology

The microdiversity and composition of culturable heterotrophic aerobic bacteria were investigated in seawater samples taken from the Sea of Marmara (an important basin between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea) in different time periods throughout 2002-2010. The bacterial isolates were identified with the automated microidentification system VITEK 2 Compact 30 (bioMerieux, France). The compositions of identified bacteria according to their exposure to environmental factors in the areas from which they were isolated were compared. The primary hydrographic parameters (temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen) were recorded at the sampling station. The highest heterotrophic aerobic bacteria abundance was found in the coastal …

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Histology And Scanning Electron Microscopy Observations Of Cryopreserved Protocorm-Like Bodies Of Dendrobium Sonia-28, Ranjetta Poobathy, Uma Rani Sinniah, Xavier Rathinam, Sreeramanan Subramaniam Jan 2013

Histology And Scanning Electron Microscopy Observations Of Cryopreserved Protocorm-Like Bodies Of Dendrobium Sonia-28, Ranjetta Poobathy, Uma Rani Sinniah, Xavier Rathinam, Sreeramanan Subramaniam

Turkish Journal of Biology

The genus Dendrobium possesses horticultural importance. Dendrobium sonia-28 is an important ornamental orchid in the flower industry. Cryopreservation is a favoured long-term storage method for orchids with propagation problems. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium sonia-28 were cryopreserved using the vitrification technique. Histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were conducted on stock, non-cryopreserved (control), and cryopreserved PLBs of Dendrobium sonia-28 to detect cryoinjuries resulting from the vitrification protocol. Histological observations of control PLBs indicated that the preculture, osmoprotection, and dehydration steps were not physically damaging to the PLBs. Histological and SEM analyses of cryopreserved PLBs indicated that the freezing and …

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Partial Purification And Characterization Of Cellulases From Digestive Tracts Of The African Giant Snail (Achatina Achatina), Paul Chijioke Ozioko, Sabinus Oscar Onyebuchi Eze, Ferdinand Chiemeka Chilaka Jan 2013

Partial Purification And Characterization Of Cellulases From Digestive Tracts Of The African Giant Snail (Achatina Achatina), Paul Chijioke Ozioko, Sabinus Oscar Onyebuchi Eze, Ferdinand Chiemeka Chilaka

Turkish Journal of Biology

Crude cellulase was extracted from the digestive tracts of 30 mature Achatina achatina and subjected to a 3-step purification process of ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and gel filtration. This purification procedure gave 3 prominent enzyme activity peaks that coincided with protein peaks and were designated A, B, and C, corresponding to high endoglucanase, \beta-glucosidase, and total cellulase activities, respectively. Temperature optima of 50 °C were recorded for \beta-glucosidase and total cellulase while 45 °C was recorded for endoglucanase. Total cellulase, glucosidase, and endoglucanase showed maximum activities at pH values of 5.5, 4.5, and 7.5, respectively. Kinetic studies show that total …

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Improved Salt Tolerance Of Jute Plants Expressing The Kate Gene From Escherichia Coli, Md. Shahidul Islam, Muhammad Shafiul Azam, Sazia Sharmin, Abu Ashfaqur Sajib, Md. Maksudul Alam, Md. Shamim Reza, Rajib Ahmed, Haseena Khan Jan 2013

Improved Salt Tolerance Of Jute Plants Expressing The Kate Gene From Escherichia Coli, Md. Shahidul Islam, Muhammad Shafiul Azam, Sazia Sharmin, Abu Ashfaqur Sajib, Md. Maksudul Alam, Md. Shamim Reza, Rajib Ahmed, Haseena Khan

Turkish Journal of Biology

There is an urgent need for developing crops with greater tolerance to environmental stresses. This is even more important for fiber crops, which are being pushed to the marginal low-productive lands in order to make more room for food crops. Jute is the source of a highly versatile and environmentally friendly natural fiber, and is second only to cotton in terms of production and variety of uses. In this study, we used a tissue culture independent method for introducing a CMV 35S promoter driven katE gene from Escherichia coli K12 into a popular jute cultivar (Corchorus olitorius var O-72) in …

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Pcr Screening For The Surfactin (Sfp) Gene In Marine Bacillus Strains And Its Molecular Characterization From Bacillus Tequilensis Nios11, Seema Porob, Sagar Nayak, Areena Fernandes, Priyanka Padmanabhan, Balkrishna Arjun Patil, Ram Murti Meena, Nagappa Ramaiah Jan 2013

Pcr Screening For The Surfactin (Sfp) Gene In Marine Bacillus Strains And Its Molecular Characterization From Bacillus Tequilensis Nios11, Seema Porob, Sagar Nayak, Areena Fernandes, Priyanka Padmanabhan, Balkrishna Arjun Patil, Ram Murti Meena, Nagappa Ramaiah

Turkish Journal of Biology

The sfp gene responsible for surfactin production was screened from the DNA extracts of 37 Bacillus spp. whose identity was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. PCR screening revealed amplification of sfp gene fragments in a total of 25 isolates. Several isolates belonging to Bacillus tequilensis were found to be positive for this gene. A gene fragment coding for the sfp gene was amplified and cloned from genomic DNA of the isolate B. tequilensis NIOS11. The cloned gene has an open reading frame of 675 bp coding for 224 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 26,166.33 Da …

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Memory-Enhancing Effects Of The Leptin Hormone In Wistar Albino Rats: Sex And Generation Differences, Alper Karakaş, Hami̇t Coşkun, Fevzi̇ye Umut Kizilkaya Jan 2013

Memory-Enhancing Effects Of The Leptin Hormone In Wistar Albino Rats: Sex And Generation Differences, Alper Karakaş, Hami̇t Coşkun, Fevzi̇ye Umut Kizilkaya

Turkish Journal of Biology

Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that informs the brain about the fat stores of the body. In this study, we examined the effects of timed leptin injections on spatial memory performances of adult and juvenile male and female Wistar rats with the Morris water maze test. We applied the injections and conducted the training trials for 4 days. On the fifth day after leptin injections, the experiments were performed. The activities were recorded and analyzed with the Noldus Ethovision Animal Video Tracking System. The results show that the spatial memory performance of the rats was improved by …

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An Ethnobotanical Survey In Selected Towns Of The Mediterranean Subregion (Turkey), Gali̇p Akaydin, Işil Şi̇mşek, Zeki̇ye Ceren Arituluk, Erdem Yeşi̇lada Jan 2013

An Ethnobotanical Survey In Selected Towns Of The Mediterranean Subregion (Turkey), Gali̇p Akaydin, Işil Şi̇mşek, Zeki̇ye Ceren Arituluk, Erdem Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Biology

This survey was carried out by face-to-face oral interviews with 379 inhabitants who agreed to be interviewed in selected localities of the Mediterranean region: Hatay (İskenderun and Narlıca), İçel (Erdemli, Tarsus, and Silifke), and Isparta (Sav). The current study was conducted to document the ethnobotanical uses of plants. In the first step of the study, demographic profiles of the informants were evaluated. Subsequently, they were asked to state whether the plants were used for therapeutic or other purposes; then detailed information, i.e. local names, parts used, methods of preparation (decoction, infusion, poultice, ointment, etc.) was recorded; and finally the plant …

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Molecular Characterization Of Yarrowia Lipolytica Strains Isolated From Different Environments And Lipase Profiling, Onur Akpinar, Füsun Bahri̇ye Uçar Jan 2013

Molecular Characterization Of Yarrowia Lipolytica Strains Isolated From Different Environments And Lipase Profiling, Onur Akpinar, Füsun Bahri̇ye Uçar

Turkish Journal of Biology

In order to analyze yeasts that produce industrial compounds, it is essential to identify them accurately. Yarrowia lipolytica is one of the most extensively studied 'nonconventional' yeasts, being a strictly aerobic microorganism capable of producing important metabolites and having an intense secretory activity, which justifies efforts to use it in industry (as a biocatalyst), in molecular biology, and in studies of genetics. Therefore, in this study, an accurate identification of Y. lipolytica strains was performed using 3 different molecular biological methods (RFLP analysis of ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 and 18S rDNA regions and sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA …

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Biopolymer Generation From Sweet Sorghum Juice: Screening, Isolation, Identification, And Fermentative Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production By Bacillus Aryabhattai, Varavut Tanamool, Tsuyoshi Imai, Paiboon Danvirutai, Pakawadee Kaewkannetra Jan 2013

Biopolymer Generation From Sweet Sorghum Juice: Screening, Isolation, Identification, And Fermentative Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production By Bacillus Aryabhattai, Varavut Tanamool, Tsuyoshi Imai, Paiboon Danvirutai, Pakawadee Kaewkannetra

Turkish Journal of Biology

This study aims to use sweet sorghum juice (SSJ) to produce an environmentally friendly biopolymer of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by bacteria isolated from soil. Among 18 isolates, only 3 isolates, coded as S4, S6, and S11, were chosen to produce PHA via batch fermentation compared to 3 strains of Alcaligenes eutrophus, A. latus, and Hydrogenophaga sp., respectively, under controlled conditions at pH 7, 35 °C, and 20 g/L of initial total sugar in the SSJ. The results clearly showed that the isolate S4 can produce maximum PHAs of 1.74 g/L with 57.62% dry cell weight and yield maximum hourly productivity at …

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Evaluation Of E330-Induced Developmental Toxicity Using Fetax, Ayper Boğa Pekmezekmek, Uğur Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Kübra Akillioğlu, Yaşar Sertdemi̇r Jan 2013

Evaluation Of E330-Induced Developmental Toxicity Using Fetax, Ayper Boğa Pekmezekmek, Uğur Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Kübra Akillioğlu, Yaşar Sertdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Biology

The present study evaluates the teratogenic and toxicological effects of citric acid (E330), a food additive, on Xenopus laevis embryos. The embryos were exposed to a range of E330 concentrations, from stage 8 to 11 of development, for 96 h under static renewal test conditions. The median lethal concentrations, no-observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC), lowest observed adverse effect concentration (LOAEC), and minimum concentration to inhibit growth (MCIG) values were calculated. The lethal concentration (LC) values LC_{10}, LC_{20}, LC_{30}, LC_{40}, and LC_{50} determined for E330 exposure were 0.0113, 0.0117, 0.0119, 0.0122, and 0.0124 g/L, respectively. NOAEC and LOAEC values were calculated …

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Evaluation Of The Genetic Relationship Between Fritillaria Species From Turkey’S Flora Using Fluorescent-Based Aflp, Özge Karakaş Meti̇n, Mi̇ne Türktaş, Meral Aslay, Erdal Kaya Jan 2013

Evaluation Of The Genetic Relationship Between Fritillaria Species From Turkey’S Flora Using Fluorescent-Based Aflp, Özge Karakaş Meti̇n, Mi̇ne Türktaş, Meral Aslay, Erdal Kaya

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, the genetic relationships among 12 Fritillaria taxa collected from different regions of Turkey were investigated using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Seven primer pair combinations were used for the analysis. The neighbor-joining and principal coordinate analysis methods were implemented to identify the taxonomy of the species. The analyses generated congruent results with each other and with the previous studies. The neighbor-joining analysis clustered the species into 3 groups, while the principal coordinates analysis did not support separation of the third group. The subgenera Fritillaria and Petilium diverged from each other with strong support in all …

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Medium Optimization For The Production Of Exopolysaccharide By Bacillus Subtilis Using Synthetic Sources And Agro Wastes, Sirajunnisa Abdul Razack, Vijayagopal Velayutham, Viruthagiri Thangavelu Jan 2013

Medium Optimization For The Production Of Exopolysaccharide By Bacillus Subtilis Using Synthetic Sources And Agro Wastes, Sirajunnisa Abdul Razack, Vijayagopal Velayutham, Viruthagiri Thangavelu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) play an extensive role as biopolymers in the environment by replacing synthetic polymers as they are degradable, nontoxic, and produced by microorganisms. An attempt was made to optimize a medium, by the one-factor-at-a-time method, for an enhanced production of EPS from a soil isolate, Bacillus subtilis. The study was carried out by experimenting on various nutrients at different concentrations. EPS was precipitated using ethanol, the total carbohydrate content was determined by phenol sulfuric acid method, and functional groups were detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. The finalized medium contained sucrose (20 g/L), yeast extract (5 g/L), NaCl …

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Molecular Detection Of Antibiotic Related Genes From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Fp6, An Antagonist Towards Rhizoctonia Solani And Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides, Sasirekha Bakthavatchalu, Srividya Shivakumar, Shankar Bhat Sullia Jan 2013

Molecular Detection Of Antibiotic Related Genes From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Fp6, An Antagonist Towards Rhizoctonia Solani And Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides, Sasirekha Bakthavatchalu, Srividya Shivakumar, Shankar Bhat Sullia

Turkish Journal of Biology

Despite the importance of antibiosis in biological control, little is known about the genes involved in antifungal activity. Therefore, the present study was aimed at identifying the location of the antagonistic gene(s) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa FP6 towards Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides using a PCR-based approach. A new bacterial strain, designated as FP6, was isolated from rhizospheric soil and identified as a member of Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on 16S rRNA analysis. The secondary metabolites produced by this strain have shown broad-spectrum antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Antifungal metabolites of a nonenzymatic nature were found to be responsible …

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Effects Of Acacia Cyanophylla Lindl. Extracts On Seed Germination And Seedling Growth Of Four Crop And Weed Plants, Asma El Ayeb, Hichem Ben Jannet, Fethia Harzallah Skhiri Jan 2013

Effects Of Acacia Cyanophylla Lindl. Extracts On Seed Germination And Seedling Growth Of Four Crop And Weed Plants, Asma El Ayeb, Hichem Ben Jannet, Fethia Harzallah Skhiri

Turkish Journal of Biology

The aqueous and organic extracts of the roots, stems, phyllodes, flowers, legumes, and seeds of Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. were assayed at different concentrations to assess their allelopathic potential. The extracts were tested on the seeds of 2 crops (Triticum aestivum L. and Lactuca sativa L.) and 2 weeds (Peganum harmala L. and Silybum marianum L.) species. The final germination percentages and the seedling shoot and root lengths were significantly reduced by the A. cyanophylla extracts as compared to the control. Aqueous extract from seeds was the strongest inhibitor of germination, shoot length, and root length for L. sativa and P. …

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Cr(Vi) Reduction By Cellulosimicrobium Sp. Isolated From Tannery Effluent, Aniqa Naeem, Rida Batool, Nazia Jamil Jan 2013

Cr(Vi) Reduction By Cellulosimicrobium Sp. Isolated From Tannery Effluent, Aniqa Naeem, Rida Batool, Nazia Jamil

Turkish Journal of Biology

Cr(VI) is a toxic metal that has carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on all living organisms. In order to study the contribution of microbes towards Cr(VI) reduction into the less toxic Cr(III) form, an indigenous chromium-resistant bacterial strain (A_8) was isolated from a tannery effluent. It was identified as Cellulosimicrobium sp. on the basis of morphological and biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It could tolerate up to 1800 µg mL^{-1} of K_{2}CrO_{4} and showed an optimum reduction (98.6%) of Cr(VI) at the concentration of 900 µg mL^{-1} aerobically. Cell-free enzyme assay exhibited the reduction of Cr(VI) in vitro. A …

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Enhancement Of Mycolytic Activity Of An Antagonistic Bacillus Subtilis Through Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (Ems) Mutagenesis, Ashwini Narasimhan, Samantha Suresh, Deepak Bist, Srividya Shivakumar Jan 2013

Enhancement Of Mycolytic Activity Of An Antagonistic Bacillus Subtilis Through Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (Ems) Mutagenesis, Ashwini Narasimhan, Samantha Suresh, Deepak Bist, Srividya Shivakumar

Turkish Journal of Biology

Bacillus subtilis, isolated from the chili rhizosphere, capable of producing 3 mycolytic enzymes (chitinase, \beta-1,3-glucanase, and cellulase), was mutated by the chemical mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). Mutants were screened based on their antifungal ability on dual plate assay against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides OGC1, the causal agent of anthracnose disease in fruit crops. EMS mutagenesis yielded 60 isolated mutants on NA plates, of which 3 (M3, M4, and M24) showed loss of antagonism against C. gloeosporioides OGC1 and 6 (M8, M21, M22, M57, M58, and M59) exhibited increased antagonism. The remaining mutants did not show any difference in their antagonistic property. …

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In Vitro Antimicrobial And Cytotoxic Activity Of Tamarix Dioica Roxb. Leaves, Saifullah Khan, Farman Ullah, Tahir Mahmood Jan 2013

In Vitro Antimicrobial And Cytotoxic Activity Of Tamarix Dioica Roxb. Leaves, Saifullah Khan, Farman Ullah, Tahir Mahmood

Turkish Journal of Biology

Medicinal plants have been in use for thousands of years for treatment of different types of diseases and a large inventory of useful drugs has been isolated from them. The aim of our study is to investigate a new and effective plant possessing antimicrobial activity. The crude extracts of Tamarix dioica Roxb. leaves, as well as fractions of the extract in various solvents, were investigated against standard strains of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus and fungi Candida glabrata, Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton rubrum, Candida tropicalis, and Aspergillus fumigatus. For in …

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The Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide/Colloidal Silver On Reducing The Colonization And Growth Of Heterotrophic Bacteria In Dental Unit Waterlines, Meral Özalp, Ömer Engi̇n Bulut, Ati̇lla Stephan Ataç, Meli̇ke Eki̇zoğlu, Di̇dem Kart, Hakan Hamdi̇ Çeli̇k, İlkan Tatar Jan 2013

The Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide/Colloidal Silver On Reducing The Colonization And Growth Of Heterotrophic Bacteria In Dental Unit Waterlines, Meral Özalp, Ömer Engi̇n Bulut, Ati̇lla Stephan Ataç, Meli̇ke Eki̇zoğlu, Di̇dem Kart, Hakan Hamdi̇ Çeli̇k, İlkan Tatar

Turkish Journal of Biology

The objective of the present study was to investigate reduction in the colonization and growth of heterotrophic bacteria in dental unit waterlines by using hydrogen peroxide/colloidal silver as disinfectant. Twenty-seven dental units were included; 6 units that were more than 20 years old and 7 units that had been in use for 2 years comprised the old and new treatment groups, respectively. Fourteen units served as controls. The treatment groups were disinfected continuously and every 4 weeks shock doses were applied over a 20-week period. Water samples were taken before treatment, 1 and 2 weeks after treatment, and thereafter every …

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Role Of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria On Antioxidant Enzyme Activities And Tropane Alkaloid Production Of Hyoscyamus Niger Under Water Deficit Stress, Mansour Ghorbanpour, Mehrnaz Hatami, Kazem Khavazi Jan 2013

Role Of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria On Antioxidant Enzyme Activities And Tropane Alkaloid Production Of Hyoscyamus Niger Under Water Deficit Stress, Mansour Ghorbanpour, Mehrnaz Hatami, Kazem Khavazi

Turkish Journal of Biology

This study examined the effects of inoculation with 2 rhizobacteria strains, Pseudomonas putida (PP) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF), on growth parameters, chlorophyll, proline, leaf relative water content (RWC), antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT)), tropane alkaloids (such as hyoscyamine (HYO) and scopolamine (SCO)), and production of Hyoscyamus niger under 3 water deficit stress (WDS) levels, i.e. 30% (W1), 60% (W2), and 90% (W3) water depletion of field capacity. The results showed that inoculation with PP and PF strains minimized the deleterious effects of WDS on growth parameters. The activities of SOD and POX in …

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Effect Of Exogenously Applied Salicylic Acid On Cadmium Chloride-Induced Oxidative Stress And Nitrogen Metabolism In Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.), Esra Koç, Ayşen Sülün Üstün, Nuri̇ Çeli̇k Jan 2013

Effect Of Exogenously Applied Salicylic Acid On Cadmium Chloride-Induced Oxidative Stress And Nitrogen Metabolism In Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.), Esra Koç, Ayşen Sülün Üstün, Nuri̇ Çeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Biology

Salicylic acid (SA) has a key role in the formation of induced systemic resistance and hypersensitive cells, but it has also been indicated to be effective in the formation of strong responses against abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, heavy metal toxicity, and osmotic stress. This study has demonstrated a connection between the total soluble protein and the nitrate reductase (NR) activity. In 20 \muM CdCl_2, 40 \muM CdCl_2 + 0.5 mM SA, and 100 \muM CdCl_2 + 0.5 mM SA treatments, on the 1st day following the treatment an increase was detected in the NR activity when compared to …

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A Cellulase-Free, Thermoactive, And Alkali Xylanase Production By Terrestrial Streptomyces Sp. Ca24, İlknur Porsuk, Süleyman Özakin, Bülent Bali̇, Ebru İnce Yilmaz Jan 2013

A Cellulase-Free, Thermoactive, And Alkali Xylanase Production By Terrestrial Streptomyces Sp. Ca24, İlknur Porsuk, Süleyman Özakin, Bülent Bali̇, Ebru İnce Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Biology

Microbial xylanases have attracted much attention because of their applications in industrial processes during the past few decades. Sixty-five terrestrial actinomycetes previously isolated from rhizospheric soils of endemic plants were tested for their ability in production of xylanase. The results revealed that 33 isolates could degrade xylan on both solid and liquid media. Extracellular xylanase production by these isolates was characterized during their growth in liquid medium. Streptomyces sp. CA24, one of the most active strains, was selected for optimization of xylanase production. The enzyme secretion was enhanced when the medium was supplemented with oat spelt xylan (0.5%) and yeast …

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