Biology Commons^™

Comparison Of Three Yarrowia Lipolytica Strains For Lipase Production: Nbrc 1658, Ifo 1195, And A Local Strain, Özgür Kebabci, Ni̇lüfer Ci̇hangi̇r

Turkish Journal of Biology

Lipase production was examined with 3 strains of Yarrowia lipolytica: NBRC 1658, IFO 1195, and a local strain. All strains were obtained from Hacettepe University's Department of Food Engineering. The addition of nitrogen and carbon sources and the effects of initial pH and temperature parameters were studied. For all 3 strains, the growth temperature range was 20-40 °C, and maximum growth was determined at 30 °C. The initial pH range was 6-9 for growth and 3-6 for lipase production. Maximum growth results were detected as follows: Y. lipolytica NBRC 1658 at 30 °C and pH 8, Y. lipolytica IFO 1195 …

Prevalence Of The Ivs1(+1)G->A And 35delg Mutations In The Gjb2 Gene Of Turkish Patients With Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss, Tüzün Arik Biyikli

Turkish Journal of Biology

GJB2 encodes connexin 26, a gap junction protein that is assumed to be a component of the potassium recycling pathway in the inner ear. Loss or malfunction of these gap junctions, as might be reflected by mutations in GJB2, may disrupt potassium movement from the hair cells through the supporting cell network to the endolymph, leading to hearing impairment. One mutation, the deletion of 1 guanosine residue from a stretch of 6 between nucleotide positions 30 and 35 (35delG) at codon 10, is the most common deafness-causing allelic variant of GJB2 in sporadic patients and autosomal recessive families. Mutations in …

Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Different Extracts From Three Salvia Species, Eli̇f Çadirci, Hali̇s Süleyman, Peri̇han Gürbüz, Ayşe Uz, Zühal Güvenalp, Lütfi̇ye Ömür Demi̇rezer

Turkish Journal of Biology

Salvia L. species have been used for the treatment of various inflammatory ailments in traditional medicine. In order to evaluate this ethnobotanical information, water, methanol, n-butanol, acetone, and chloroform extracts from 3 Salvia species (S. fruticosa, S. verticillata, and S. trichoclada) were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity using in vivo experimental models in rats. For this purpose a carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw edema model was used. All extracts demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities; however, n-butanol extract of Salvia fruticosa (syn. S. triloba), which is known as Turkish sage, was found to be the most active. It can be expected that the active flavonoids, …

Protective Effects Of \Beta-Carotene And Silymarin On Human Lymphocytes, Erkan Yurtcu, Ezgi̇ Kasapoğlu, Feri̇de İffet Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Biology

Beta-carotene and silymarin have antioxidant properties against oxidative damage and are used as dietary supplements. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of \beta-carotene and silymarin on healthy human lymphocytes exposed to L-arginine-induced oxidative damage. Study samples were lymphocyte cultures set up from venous blood obtained from 6 healthy individuals (3 males and 3 females). Oxidative DNA damage was induced by L-arginine. \beta-Carotene and silymarin were added to the cultures as antioxidants to observe their protective effects, if any. Alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) was used to evaluate DNA damage. While L-arginine generated genotoxic damage in …

Folk Medicines In The Villages Of Ilıca District (Erzurum, Turkey), Ufuk Özgen, Yusuf Kaya, Peter Houghton

Turkish Journal of Biology

The villages of Ilıca District in Erzurum Province, Turkey, were surveyed in terms of plants and animals used traditionally for medicinal purposes. Plants were compiled according to their families, botanical names, local names, usages, and applications. A total of 70 plant species belonging to 29 families are used by village people to treat a wide range of complaints, such as hemorrhoids, urinary system infections, stomach disorders, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, rheumatism, and jaundice. In addition, 3 animal species are used for the treatment of some diseases. The collected data were compared with those formerly recorded.

Cytotoxic And Antibacterial Activities Of Leaf Extracts Of Astragalus Gombiformis Pomel (Fabaceae) Growing Wild In Tunisia, Hassen Teyeb, Nahla Zanina, Mohamed Neffati, Wahiba Douki, Mohamed Fadhel Najjar

Turkish Journal of Biology

Many species of the genus Astragalus have been long used in folk medicine because of their biological properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of extracts from the leaves of wild Astragalus gombiformis Pomel. Antibacterial activity was assayed against several common human pathogenic bacterial strains using the paper disk-agar diffusion method. Cytotoxicity was measured against human lung carcinoma cells using the colorimetric MTT assay. The strongest cytotoxic activity against the human A549 lung epithelial carcinoma cell line was detected for dichloromethane extracts at IC_{50} = 85 ± 21.7 µg/mL. The best incubation time …

The Growth And Reproduction Of White Bream (Blicca Bjoerkna L. 1758) In An Oligo-Mesotrophic Lake In Northwest Anatolia (Sapanca, Turkey), Hacer Canan Okgerman, Mahmut Elp, Si̇bel Atasağun

Turkish Journal of Biology

Growth parameters and the reproduction period of white bream (Blicca bjoerkna L. 1758) sampled from Sapanca Lake were determined monthly between November 2000 and October 2001. Three hundred and fifty white bream specimens caught ranged in age from 1^+ to 9^+ years, and the majority of the samples consisted of individuals of the 5^+-year-old age group. The von Bertalanffy equation was determined as Lt = 22.169 (1 - exp {-0.215[t + 0.986]}), Ø': 2.02 for males and Lt = 31.917 (1 - exp {-0.122[t + 1.087]}), Ø': 2.10 for females. The length-weight relationship was estimated as W = 0.0046 TL …

Biofeedback-Assisted Stress Management Training To Reverse Myocardial Remodeling In Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure, Dana Lynn Schneeberger

ETD Archive

Heart failure is a progressive disease in which the heart is no longer able to pump sufficient amounts of blood to the body. Over six million Americans currently suffer from heart failure, and although pharmacological and surgical therapies continue to improve, about 50 of people with heart failure still die within five years of diagnosis.As the human heart fails, many structural, cellular and molecular alterations occur that contribute to the decrease in heart function. It has been well-established that some of these alterations are the result of sympathetic nervous system hyperactivation, and decreasing sympathetic input with a beta blocker or …

Coexistence Patterns Of Two Invasive Thistle Species, Carduus Nutans And C. Acanthoides, At Three Spatial Scales, Emily S.J. Rauschert, Katriona Shea, Ottar N. Bjørnstad

Biological, Geological, and Environmental Faculty Publications

To better understand the competitive processes involved in invasion by congeners, we examine coexistence patterns of two invasive species, Carduus nutans and C. acanthoides, at three spatial scales. A roadside survey of 5 × 5 km blocks in a previously identified overlap zone provided information about the regional scale. At smaller scales, we surveyed four fields of natural co-occurrence, quantifying the spatial patterns at the field scale by randomly placed 1 × 1 m quadrats and at the smallest scale by detailing plant position within the quadrats. The patterns observed are strikingly different at the different scales. At the regional …

Confocal Characterization Of The Apical Testes And Ultrastructural Analysis Of The Seminal Visicles Of Drosophila Pseudoobscura, Michael W. Beaury

Theses

The Drosophila genus contains thousands of different species. Drosophila melanogaster is the most popular Drosophila species used in biological research. Drosophila pseudoobscura is the model Drosophila species used in our laboratory and is a distant relative to D. melanogaster. Both of these species' genetic codes have been completely sequenced and are very different from each other genetically and morphologically. One major morphological difference between these two species is their testes structure. The testes of D. melanogaster are long, coiled, thin tube-like structures; D. pseudoobscura testes are wide and ellipsoidaL The focus of the current work was to characterize the apical …

Isolation And Identification Of Antibiotic Resistance In Bacterial Samples From Lake Ontario, Aaron N. Spacher, Maryann Herman

Undergraduate External Publications

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an increasing public health concern and recently the Food and Drug administration has been pressured to withdraw approval of the use of subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics in livestock. In upstate New York, sewage and agricultural run-off may contain microbes that are selected for by antibiotics excreted in humans and livestock waste. Monthly water samples were collected from six different locations in Lake Ontario over the summer of 2011 to isolate and characterize antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Samples were taken from near a treated sewage outflow pipe and the mouth of the Genesee River. Water temperature and clarity …

A Guide To Missouri's Freshwater Mussels, Stephen E. Mcmurray, J. Scott Faiman, Andy Roberts, Bryan Simmons, M. Christopher Barnhart

Faculty Books

No abstract provided.

Medical Benefits Of The Shea Nut Tree, Makeish N. Dennie

Biology Student Research

No abstract provided.

Phylogenetic Search Through Partial Tree Mixing., Kenneth Sundberg, Mark Clement, Quinn Snell, Dan Ventura, Michael Whiting, Keith Crandall

Computational Biology Institute

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in sequencing technology have created large data sets upon which phylogenetic inference can be performed. Current research is limited by the prohibitive time necessary to perform tree search on a reasonable number of individuals. This research develops new phylogenetic algorithms that can operate on tens of thousands of species in a reasonable amount of time through several innovative search techniques.

RESULTS: When compared to popular phylogenetic search algorithms, better trees are found much more quickly for large data sets. These algorithms are incorporated in the PSODA application available at http://dna.cs.byu.edu/psoda

CONCLUSIONS: The use of Partial Tree Mixing …

The Role Of Fine-Scale Habitat Associations In Structuring Spider Assemblages: Determinants Of Spatial Patterns In Community Compostion, Stephanie M. Cobbold

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

No abstract provided.

Livestock Foraging Behavior In Response To Sequence And Interactions Among Alkaloids, Tannins, And Saponins, Tiffany L. Jensen

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

No abstract provided.

Salve Regina University Tree Inventory And Management Plan 2012, Bartlett Tree Experts

Archives Books

The Bartlett Inventory Solutions Team from Bartlett Tree Experts conducted an inventory of trees on the campus of Salve Regina University in May 2012. The inventory included: identifying trees and attaching to each tree a tag with an assigned tag number; identifying the trees' condition, health, and vigor; recommending risk evaluations and removals of appropriate trees; recommending pruning, soil management, and pest management treatments to promote tree safety; health, appearance, and longevity; and mapping the trees using GPSr hardware and Geographic Information System (GIS) software.

This digital copy of the plan is redacted. Information about the estimated values of individual …

The Pentatomidae, Or Stink Bugs, Of Kansas With A Key To Species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), Richard J. Packauskas Ph.D.

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Forty eight species of Pentatomidae are listed as occurring in the state of Kansas, nine of these are new state records. A key to all species known from the state of Kansas is given, along with some notes on new state records.

Effectiveness And Utility Of Acoustic Recordings For Surveying Tropical Birds, Antonio Celis-Murillo, Jill Deppe, Michael Ward

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Although acoustic recordings have recently gained popularity as an alternative to point counts for surveying birds, little is known about the relative performance of the two methods for detecting tropical bird species across multiple vegetation types. During June and July 2008, we collected species detection/nondetection data to compare the performance of a quadraphonic acoustic recording system and point counts for estimating species richness and composition and detection probabilities of 15 rare, moderately common, and common tropical bird species across six structurally distinct vegetation types (coastal dune scrub, mangrove, low-stature deciduous thorn forest, early and late successional medium-stature semievergreen forest, and …

Sequencing And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Wsp Gene Of Wolbachia In Three Geographic Populations Of An Oak Gall Wasp, Andricus Mairei (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), From Hunan, South China, Xiao-Hui Yang, Dao-Hong Zhu, Zhiwei Liu, Ling Zhao

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

To understand the effects of Wolbachia in Andricus mairei Kieffer , an oak gall wasp ( Cynipini, Cynipidae) that forms clusters of up to 30 monothalamous galls in the catkins of Quercus glandulifera var. brevipetiolata Nakai, we examined the presence and infection frequency of Wolbachia in three widely separated geographic populations of A. mairei in Hunan Province, South China, using polymerase chain reaction and sequence determination of the wsp gene of Wolbachia from the three populations. Our survey results showed that Wolbachia infection rates were unusually high in the three test populations : 100% for the male wasps from all …

Size Assortment In Mixed-Species Groups Of Juvenile-Phase Striped Parrotfish (Scarus Iserti) In The Bahamas, Paul Switzer, Daniel Quinn

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Striped parrotfish (Scarus iserti) often form heterospecific groups with other reef fishes. In this study, we examined the species and body size composition of these groups on reefs in The Bahamas. Groups averaged approximately 4 S. iserti and 2 associated species, with surgeonfish (Acanthurus chirurgus and A. bahianus), slippery dick (Halichoeres bivittatus), and bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) as the most common associates. Fewer groups than expected had only 1 associate; groups with 3 or more associates were more common than expected. Both the S. iserti and associated species tended to be closely sizematched within a group, perhaps due to benefits …

A Functional Trait Perspective On Plant Invasion, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Brenda J. Grewell, Carla M. D'Antonio

Biology

Global environmental change will affect non-native plant invasions, with profound potential impacts on native plant populations, communities and ecosystems. In this context, we review plant functional traits, particularly those that drive invader abundance (invasiveness) and impacts, as well as the integration of these traitsacross multiple ecological scales, and as a basis for restoration and management.
We review the concepts and terminology surrounding functional traits and how functional traits influence processes at the individual level. We explore how phenotypic plasticity may lead to rapid evolution of novel traits facilitating invasiveness in changing environments and then oscale up' to evaluate the relative …

Detection Of Non-Pcr Amplified S. Enteritidis Genomic Dna From Food Matrices Using A Gold-Nanoparticle Dna Biosensor: A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Sylvia A. Vetrone, Michael C. Huarng, Evangelyn C. Alocilja

Biology

Bacterial pathogens pose an increasing food safety and bioterrorism concern. Current DNA detection methods utilizing sensitive nanotechnology and biosensors have shown excellent detection, but require expensive and time-consuming polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify DNA targets; thus, a faster, more economical method is still essential. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the ability of a gold nanoparticle-DNA (AuNP-DNA) biosensor to detect non-PCR amplified genomic Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. enteritidis) DNA, from pure or mixed bacterial culture and spiked liquid matrices. Non-PCR amplified DNA was hybridized into sandwich-like structures (magnetic nanoparticles/DNA/AuNPs) and analyzed through detection of gold voltammetric peaks using …

Phosphate-Solubilizing Microbes And Their Occurrence In The Rhizospheres Of Piper Betel In Karnataka, India, Padmavathi Tallapragada, Usha Seshachala

Turkish Journal of Biology

Low phosphate solubility is one of the most important factors limiting the plant growth in Indian soils. Many microorganisms can enhance phosphate solubility, but little is known about the magnitude of their phosphorus-solubilizing ability. The native populations of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and fungi were studied in different rhizospheric soil samples obtained from betel vine plants (Piper betel L.) in order to compare the results. The present study focuses on the phosphate-solubilizing capacity of bacteria and fungi in rhizospheric soil samples obtained from betel vine plants, revealing the dominance of Aspergillus species (26.1 mm) as major phosphate solubilizers, along with Bacillus subtilis …

Determination Of Mutagenic Potencies Of Aqueous Extracts Of Thermopsis Turcica By Ames Test, Recep Li̇man, Yasi̇n Eren, Di̇lek Akyil, Muhsi̇n Konuk

Turkish Journal of Biology

Thermopsis turcica is an endemic species of Turkey popularly known as Eber Sarısı or Piyam; it is a member of the Thermopsis genus, which contains plants considered to be medicinal throughout the world. In this study, the mutagenic effect of aqueous extracts obtained from the leaves, root, stem, and flowers of T. turcica were evaluated by the Ames test, using Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 strains with and without an S9 activation system. The results obtained were analyzed statistically using SPSS for Windows, and the Mann-Whitney test was performed for comparisons. The results showed that all of the …

The Effects Of Seasonal Variation On The Fatty Acid Composition Of Total Lipid, Phospholipid, And Triacylglycerol In The Dorsal Muscle Of Capoeta Trutta Found In The Tigris River (Turkey), Eli̇f İpek Satar, Ersi̇n Uysal, Erhan Ünlü, Mehmet Başhan, Ali̇ Satar

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effects of seasonal variation on the fatty acid composition of total lipid, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid in the dorsal muscle of Capoeta trutta were assessed by gas chromatographic method. A total of 18 different fatty acids were determined in the composition of C. trutta. The variations in fatty acid composition of total lipid, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid were recorded throughout the seasons. The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the most important groups of total lipid. Total saturated fatty acid (SFA) and total MUFA were seen to increase from spring to summer while total PUFA decreased …

Escherichia Coli Lacking Rpos Are Rare In Natural Populations Of Non-Pathogens, Emily Snyder '11, David M. Gordon, Daniel M. Stoebel

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

The alternative sigma factor RpoS controls a large regulon that allows E. coli to respond to a variety of stresses. Mutations in rpoS can increase rates of nutrient acquisition at the cost of a decrease in stress resistance. These kinds of mutations evolve rapidly under certain laboratory conditions where nutrient acquisition is especially challenging. The frequency of strains lacking RpoS in natural populations of E. coli is less clear. Such strains have been found at frequencies over 20% in some collections of wild isolates. However, laboratory handling can select for RpoS-null strains and may have affected some of these strain …

Deep-Sea Origin And In-Situ Diversification Of Chrysogorgiid Octocorals, Catherine S. Mcfadden, Eric Pante, Scott C. France, Arnaud Couloux, Corinne Cruaud, Sarah Samadi, Les Watling

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

The diversity, ubiquity and prevalence in deep waters of the octocoral family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883 make it noteworthy as a model system to study radiation and diversification in the deep sea. Here we provide the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Chrysogorgiidae, and compare phylogeny and depth distribution. Phylogenetic relationships among 10 of 14 currently-described Chrysogorgiidae genera were inferred based on mitochondrial (mtMutS, cox1) and nuclear (18S) markers. Bathymetric distribution was estimated from multiple sources, including museum records, a literature review, and our own sampling records (985 stations, 2345 specimens). Genetic analyses suggest that the Chrysogorgiidae as currently described is …

Nef Functions In Blt Mice To Enhance Hiv-1 Replication And Deplete Cd4+Cd8+ Thymocytes, Wei Zou, Paul W. Denton, Richard L. Watkins, John F. Krisko, Tomonori Nochi, John L. Foster, J. Victor Garcia

Biology Faculty Publications

Background: The outcome of untreated HIV-1 infection is progression to AIDS and death in nearly all cases. Some important exceptions are the small number of patients infected with HIV-1 deleted for the accessory gene, nef. With these infections, disease progression is entirely suppressed or greatly delayed. Whether Nef is critical for high levels of replication or is directly cytotoxic remains controversial. The major problem in determining the role of Nef in HIV/AIDS has been the lack of tractable in vivo models where Nef’s complex pathogenic phenotype can be recapitulated.

Results: Intravenous inoculation (3000 to 600,000 TCIU) of BLT …

Phylogenetic Characterization, Antimicrobial Susceptibilities, And Mechanisms Of Resistance In Bacteria Isolates From A Poultry Waste-Polluted River, Southwestern Nigeria, Olawale Olufemi Adelowo, Obasola Ezekiel Fagade

Turkish Journal of Biology

Bacteria resistance to antibiotics has become a worldwide problem impacted partly by antibiotics use in livestock production. The present study investigated the pattern and mechanisms of resistance in 21 bacteria species isolated from a river used as a waste-dump by a poultry farm in Ogbomoso, southwestern Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated on nutrient agar supplemented with 50 µg/mL of tetracycline, their identities were determined by PCR amplification, and sequencing of their 16s rRNA genes and their susceptibility to 6 antimicrobials determined by broth dilution. The molecular basis of resistance among the isolates was also investigated by the PCR amplification of class …