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2012

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Articles 361 - 390 of 1224

Full-Text Articles in Biology

Fighting For Their Lives: Plants And Pathogens, Maryann Herman, Mary Williams Jun 2012

Fighting For Their Lives: Plants And Pathogens, Maryann Herman, Mary Williams

Biology Faculty/Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Quantitative Acoustic Analysis Of The Vocal Repertoire Of The Golden Rocket Frog (Anomaloglossus Beebei), Beth A. Pettitt, Godfrey R. Bourne, Mark A. Bee Jun 2012

Quantitative Acoustic Analysis Of The Vocal Repertoire Of The Golden Rocket Frog (Anomaloglossus Beebei), Beth A. Pettitt, Godfrey R. Bourne, Mark A. Bee

Biology Faculty Publications

This study describes the vocal repertoire of the Guyanan golden rocket frog, Anomaloglossus beebei, a bromeliad specialist with biparental care. Using multivariate analyses of nine call properties, as well as the occurrence of nonlinear phenomena, three signal types were distinguished—advertisement, courtship, and aggressive calls. Although all three call types were composed of a short series of rapidly repeated pulses, advertisement calls were produced at higher amplitudes and had longer pulse durations than both courtship calls and aggressive calls. Courtship calls exhibited lower dominant frequencies than both advertisement and aggressive calls, which had similar dominant frequencies. Aggressive calls had more …

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Aquatic Heteroptera Of The Lake Manguao Catchment, Palawan And New Rank Of Rhagovelia Kawakamii Hoberlandti Hungerford & Matsuda 1961, Hendrik Freitag, Herbert Zettel Jun 2012

Aquatic Heteroptera Of The Lake Manguao Catchment, Palawan And New Rank Of Rhagovelia Kawakamii Hoberlandti Hungerford & Matsuda 1961, Hendrik Freitag, Herbert Zettel

Biology Faculty Publications

Results of an inventory of the fauna of aquatic and semiaquatic true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera) of small streams in a lake catchment of northern Palawan are presented. Twenty-one species were recorded. Taxonomic and ecological notes, distribution and collection sites are given for each identified taxon. Rhagovelia hoberlandti Hungerford & Matsuda 1961 is newly ranked as a subspecies of R. kawakamii (Matsumura 1913): Rhagovelia kawakamii hoberlandti Hungerford & Matsuda 1961, stat.n. Cercotmetus asiaticus Amyot & Serville 1843 is recorded for the first time from the Philippines. Endemic and few undescribed taxa are discussed. Additional environmental data of the sampled waters are …

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Mitochondrial Dna Assessment Of The Phylogeography Of The Gopher Tortoise, Joshua R. Ennen, Brian R. Kreiser, Carl P. Qualls, Daniel Gaillard, Matthew Aresco, Roger Birkhead, Tracey Tuberville, Earl D. Mccoy, Henry R. Mushinsky, Thomas W. "Bill" Hentges, Aaron W. Schrey Jun 2012

Mitochondrial Dna Assessment Of The Phylogeography Of The Gopher Tortoise, Joshua R. Ennen, Brian R. Kreiser, Carl P. Qualls, Daniel Gaillard, Matthew Aresco, Roger Birkhead, Tracey Tuberville, Earl D. Mccoy, Henry R. Mushinsky, Thomas W. "Bill" Hentges, Aaron W. Schrey

Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications

Identifying geographic barriers that define genetic structure within a species is crucial in formulating an effective conservation plan. The identification of appropriate management units is critical for the protection and recovery of the gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus, which have declined across their entire range. Previous molecular work at various spatial scales has identified distinct population assemblages of the gopher tortoise. The goal of this study was to assess the genetic structure in gopher tortoises through a more complete sampling of the federally listed as threatened portion of the range and evaluate the extent of genetic isolation imposed by several …

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Discrete Targeting Of Peptide And Non-Peptide Neurotransmitters By A Single Neuron, Daniel Kueh Jun 2012

Discrete Targeting Of Peptide And Non-Peptide Neurotransmitters By A Single Neuron, Daniel Kueh

Dissertations

The heart excitor (HE) motor neuron in the medicinal leech, Hirudo, releases acetylcholine (ACh) and a peptide, FMRFamide, to regulate the contractile activity of the heart tube and associated side vessels. Consistent with Dale’s Principle, it was assumed that both neurotransmitters were coreleased by all presynaptic varicosities. However, discrete peptide-positive and peptide-negative varicosities can be found consistently at particular sites of innervation on the heart tube. Dual-labeled HE neurons were produced by pressure injecting Neurobiotin into single HE neurons and applied antibodies against FMRFamide on the same preparations. Consistent with initial expectations, peptide-labeled varicosities were numerous and widely distributed …

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A Method For Rearing Large Quantities Of The Damselfly, Ischnura Ramburii (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), In The Laboratory, Jason L. Locklin, Joshua S. Huckabee, Eben Gering Jun 2012

A Method For Rearing Large Quantities Of The Damselfly, Ischnura Ramburii (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), In The Laboratory, Jason L. Locklin, Joshua S. Huckabee, Eben Gering

Biology Faculty Articles

Laboratory based experimental designs typically require large sample sizes of genetically related organisms at the same developmental stage. Several described methods for rearing damselflies have been published, but these methods require laborious techniques when rearing large quantities of damselflies simultaneously. We have developed a relatively easy and inexpensive method for rearing large quantities of a coenagrionid damselfly that streamlines previously published methods and employs new techniques that increase efficiency and yield. Culturing large numbers of damselflies in the laboratory is manageable and opens diverse research avenues.

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The Spatial Games: Investigating The Spatial Distribution Of Anax And Select Prey As A Function Of Predator-Prey Interactions, Shane Elizabeth Johnson, Nene Kumashe Ugbah Jun 2012

The Spatial Games: Investigating The Spatial Distribution Of Anax And Select Prey As A Function Of Predator-Prey Interactions, Shane Elizabeth Johnson, Nene Kumashe Ugbah

Biological Sciences

Our study investigated the spatial distribution and movement behavior of predatory dragonfly larvae (Anax) and of two prey types: mosquito larvae and amphipods. Predator-prey interactions have important consequences for the population dynamics of both predator and prey groups and these interactions can shape community structure. We measured behavior of each prey type in the presence of the Anax predator and the behavior of the predator in the presence of these alternative prey types. Observations were made in five-gallon aquaria where a grid pattern allowed us to track the number of moves made by individuals. We compiled data from …

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Seasonal Food Habits Of Burrowing Owls (Athene Cunicularia) In Human-Altered Landscapes, Carie Marie Wingert Jun 2012

Seasonal Food Habits Of Burrowing Owls (Athene Cunicularia) In Human-Altered Landscapes, Carie Marie Wingert

Master's Theses

In 2004, I initiated a year-long study to investigate the food habits of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia). Burrowing owls have been found in a variety of human-altered landscapes; however, little is known about burrowing owl food habits in urban landscapes. Burrowing owl food habits during the non-breeding season are also largely undocumented, despite increasing concern over the survival of overwintering burrowing owls. Differences in prey consumption between reproductive and non-reproductive owls during the breeding season have not yet been examined. I collected pellets over a 12 month period at four study sites affected by different levels of human …

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Challenges For Biological Interpretation Of Environmental Proteomics Data In Non-Model Organisms, Wesley W. Dowd Jun 2012

Challenges For Biological Interpretation Of Environmental Proteomics Data In Non-Model Organisms, Wesley W. Dowd

Biology Faculty Works

Environmental physiology, toxicology, and ecology and evolution stand to benefit substantially from the relatively recent surge of “omics” technologies into these fields. These approaches, and proteomics in particular, promise to elucidate novel and integrative functional responses of organisms to diverse environmental challenges, over a variety of time scales and at different levels of organization. However, application of proteomics to environmental questions suffers from several challenges—some unique to high-throughput technologies and some relevant to many related fields—that may confound downstream biological interpretation of the data. I explore three of these challenges in environmental proteomics, emphasizing the dependence of biological conclusions on …

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Characterization Of Muscle Spindle Afferents In The Adult Mouse Using An In Vitro Muscle-Nerve Preparation, Katherine Wilkinson, H. E. Kloefkorn, S. Hochman Jun 2012

Characterization Of Muscle Spindle Afferents In The Adult Mouse Using An In Vitro Muscle-Nerve Preparation, Katherine Wilkinson, H. E. Kloefkorn, S. Hochman

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

We utilized an in vitro adult mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) nerve-attached preparation to characterize the responses of muscle spindle afferents to ramp-and-hold stretch and sinusoidal vibratory stimuli. Responses were measured at both room (24°C) and muscle body temperature (34°C). Muscle spindle afferent static firing frequencies increased linearly in response to increasing stretch lengths to accurately encode the magnitude of muscle stretch (tested at 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% of resting length [Lo]). Peak firing frequency increased with ramp speeds (20% Lo/sec, 40% Lo/sec, and 60% Lo/sec). As a population, muscle spindle afferents could entrain 1:1 to sinusoidal vibrations throughout the …

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Reference Genome Sequence Of The Model Plant Setaria, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen, Jimmy K. Triplett Jun 2012

Reference Genome Sequence Of The Model Plant Setaria, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen, Jimmy K. Triplett

Research, Publications & Creative Work

We generated a high-quality reference genome sequence for foxtail millet (Setaria italica). The ~400-Mb assembly covers ~80% of the genome and >95% of the gene space. The assembly was anchored to a 992-locus genetic map and was annotated by comparison with >1.3 million expressed sequence tag reads. We produced more than 580 million RNA-Seq reads to facilitate expression analyses. We also sequenced Setaria viridis, the ancestral wild relative of S. italica, and identified regions of differential single-nucleotide polymorphism density, distribution of transposable elements, small RNA content, chromosomal rearrangement and segregation distortion. The genus Setaria includes natural and cultivated species that …

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Presentation Tips, Zen Faulkes Jun 2012

Presentation Tips, Zen Faulkes

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Giving a talk? This short book offers lots of bite-sized tips and tricks to make your next presentation better. The book is divided into three sections: "Planning what to say" on organizing your thoughts and approach; "Planning what to show" on designing slides; and "The talk itself" on the delivery on the day.

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Effectiveness Of Pan Trapping As A Rapid Bioinventory Method Of Freshwater Shoreline Insects Of Subtropical Texas, Frank J. Dirrigl Jr. Jun 2012

Effectiveness Of Pan Trapping As A Rapid Bioinventory Method Of Freshwater Shoreline Insects Of Subtropical Texas, Frank J. Dirrigl Jr.

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Pan trapping proves to be an effective method for field surveying insects, especially Diptera. This manuscript examines the effectiveness of the method for the rapid bioinventory of freshwater shoreline insects. Pan traps at ground level, above ground, and elevated and of different colors were evaluated for their ability to attract and capture insects. Abundance (n), taxonomic richness (T), and hierarchical diversity indices (H′) allowed for the determination of efficacy among methods. Yellow pan (n = 141, T = 10, H′ = 1.15) and elevated yellow pan traps (n = 113, T = 5, H′ = 1.18) were most effective at …

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Macrophyte Communities Of Lake Winnebago: Baseline Study Of Species Composition With Abundances And Water Quality Conditions, Mackenzie Kessenich May 2012

Macrophyte Communities Of Lake Winnebago: Baseline Study Of Species Composition With Abundances And Water Quality Conditions, Mackenzie Kessenich

Lawrence University Honors Projects

Historical records from Lake Winnebago show minimal macrophyte growth; however, reports from recent years claim that macrophyte growth in some areas of the lake has reached nuisance levels. This study aimed to investigate the species of macrophytes present and their abundances in four near-shore locations, as well as measurements of multiple water quality conditions. Rake sampling was used to identify species and quantify their abundances and distributions. In addition, data were collected on light penetration, Secchi depths, and suspended algae chlorophyll concentrations at each site. These data from shallow near-shore sites reveal trends in changing water clarity and light penetration …

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The Functional Effects Of Barium And Hypoxia On The In Vitro Respiratory Activity, Gaofeng Xu May 2012

The Functional Effects Of Barium And Hypoxia On The In Vitro Respiratory Activity, Gaofeng Xu

Theses

The hypoxic respiratory response in mammals consists of a transit increase in the respiratory frequency (augmentation phase) followed by a decrease in frequency (depression phase). To understand how the central respiratory system contributes to this response, the in vitro transverse brainstem slice model is used, which contains the pre-Bötzinger Complex, which is responsible for respiratory rhythm generation. The in vitro experiments performed for this thesis provide evidence that external barium exposure alters respiratory activity and significantly increases (P<0.00 1) the voltage of tonic activity under control oxygen conditions (95% FO2). During severe hypoxia (0% FO2), respiratory tonic activity is significantly elevatedduring the depression phase (from 0.55 to 0.95, n=6, P<0.001) by external barium, presumablydue to the closing of K+ channels and a reduction in K+ conductance.

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The Effects Of Theophylline On The In Vitro Respiratory Response To Hypoxia, Ke Geng May 2012

The Effects Of Theophylline On The In Vitro Respiratory Response To Hypoxia, Ke Geng

Theses

The isolated transverse brainstem slice preparation of neonatal mice is employed to investigate the function of theophylline, a competitive nonselective phophodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist, on the hypoxic ventilatory response. Brainstem slices are isolated from neonatal mice (4-8 days old) and superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), equilibrated with a hyperoxic gas mixture (95% O2, 5% CO2) as a control, and anoxic mixture (0% O2, 5% CO2, 95% N2) to create severe hypoxia at the tissue level. Using suction electrodes, extracellular population activities of respiratory neurons is recorded from …

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Natural Selection And Moral Sentiment: Evolutionary Biology's Challenge To Moral Philosophy, Charles W. Wright May 2012

Natural Selection And Moral Sentiment: Evolutionary Biology's Challenge To Moral Philosophy, Charles W. Wright

Headwaters

No abstract provided.

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But What Is It That You Actually Do? (What It's Really Like Working In The Lab), Michael Reagan May 2012

But What Is It That You Actually Do? (What It's Really Like Working In The Lab), Michael Reagan

Headwaters

No abstract provided.

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Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Uptake In Thiomicrospira Crunogena Xcl–2 Is Atp–Sensitive And Enhances Rubisco–Mediated Carbon Fixation, Kristy Jae Menning May 2012

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Uptake In Thiomicrospira Crunogena Xcl–2 Is Atp–Sensitive And Enhances Rubisco–Mediated Carbon Fixation, Kristy Jae Menning

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Many autotrophic organisms living in environments with episodically low dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations compensate for these fluctuations by employing a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM). By utilizing a CCM, these organisms can generate intracellular DIC concentrations much higher than extracellular, thereby providing sufficient substrate for carbon fixation. Carbon concentrating mechanisms have been well-studied in cyanobacteria but studies are lacking in other autotrophs. The gammaproteobacterium Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2 is a hydrothermal vent chemolithoautotroph that has a CCM, which is functionally similar to that of cyanobacteria. At hydrothermal vents, DIC concentrations and pH values fluctuate over time, with CO2 concentrations ranging from …

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Energy-Saving Hypothermia Reduces Flight Ability In Mourning Doves, Jennie M. Carr, Steven L. Lima May 2012

Energy-Saving Hypothermia Reduces Flight Ability In Mourning Doves, Jennie M. Carr, Steven L. Lima

Symposium 2012

Overwintering birds are frequently exposed to thermal challenges that can quickly decrease energy reserves, thus leading to an increase in the risk of starvation. During these periods of energetic hardship, many avian species use nocturnal hypothermia to conserve energy that would otherwise be lost remaining warm throughout the night (McKechnie & Lovegrove 2002). However, a cool body temperature (Tb) may limit a bird’s ability to monitor the environment and may slow their response to a potential threat. Thus, birds likely trade-off between the benefits of energy-saving hypothermia and the potential costs of reduced behavioral responsiveness to predators (Welton et al. …

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Will Extreme Climatic Events Facilitate Biological Invasions?, Jeffrey M. Diez, Carla M. D'Antonio, Jeffrey S. Dukes, Edwin D. Grosholz, Julian D. Olden, Cascade J.B. Sorte, Dana M. Blumenthal, Bethany A. Bradley, Regan I. Early, Inés Ibáñez, Sierra J. Jones, Joshua J. Lawler, Luke P. Miller May 2012

Will Extreme Climatic Events Facilitate Biological Invasions?, Jeffrey M. Diez, Carla M. D'Antonio, Jeffrey S. Dukes, Edwin D. Grosholz, Julian D. Olden, Cascade J.B. Sorte, Dana M. Blumenthal, Bethany A. Bradley, Regan I. Early, Inés Ibáñez, Sierra J. Jones, Joshua J. Lawler, Luke P. Miller

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

Extreme climatic events (ECEs) – such as unusual heat waves, hurricanes, floods, and droughts – can dramatically affect ecological and evolutionary processes, and these events are projected to become more frequent and more intense with ongoing climate change. However, the implications of ECEs for biological invasions remain poorly understood. Using concepts and empirical evidence from invasion ecology, we identify mechanisms by which ECEs may influence the invasion process, from initial introduction through establishment and spread. We summarize how ECEs can enhance invasions by promoting the transport of propagules into new regions, by decreasing the resistance of native communities to establishment, …

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Traversing Swanton Road, 8th Ed., James A. West May 2012

Traversing Swanton Road, 8th Ed., James A. West

Academic, Government & Associated Organizational Research Resources

Situated at the northwest end of Santa Cruz County and occupying circa 30 square miles of sharply contrasted terrain, the Scott Creek Watershed concentrates within its geomorphological boundaries, at least 10-12% of California's flora, both native and introduced. Paradoxically, the use/abuse that the watershed has sustained over the past 140+ years, has not necessarily diminished the biodiversity and perhaps parallels the naturally disruptive but biologically energizing processes (fire, flooding, landslides and erosion), which have also been historically documented for the area for +60 years. This is an early edition of an extensive document by James A. West. Please visit the …

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Drosophila Activated Cdc42 Kinase Has An Anti-Apoptotic Function., Jessica A. Schoenherr, J Michelle Drennan, Juan S. Martinez, Madhusudana Rao Chikka, Mark C. Hall, Henry C. Chang, James C. Clemens May 2012

Drosophila Activated Cdc42 Kinase Has An Anti-Apoptotic Function., Jessica A. Schoenherr, J Michelle Drennan, Juan S. Martinez, Madhusudana Rao Chikka, Mark C. Hall, Henry C. Chang, James C. Clemens

Department of Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Activated Cdc42 kinases (Acks) are evolutionarily conserved non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Activating somatic mutations and increased ACK1 protein levels have been found in many types of human cancers and correlate with a poor prognosis. ACK1 is activated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling and functions to regulate EGF receptor turnover. ACK1 has additionally been found to propagate downstream signals through the phosphorylation of cancer relevant substrates. Using Drosophila as a model organism, we have determined thatDrosophila Ack possesses potent anti-apoptotic activity that is dependent on Ack kinase activity and is further activated by EGF receptor/Ras signaling. Ack anti-apoptotic signaling …

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Testing Crayfish Evolutionary Hypotheses With Phylogenetic Methods, Jesse W. Breinholt May 2012

Testing Crayfish Evolutionary Hypotheses With Phylogenetic Methods, Jesse W. Breinholt

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on increasing the understanding of the evolution processes that have contributed to the diversification of freshwater crayfish. Chapter one estimates the divergence time of the three crayfish families and tests the hypothesis that diversification is tied to the break-up of Pangaea, Gondwanna, and Laurasia. I find that the families of crayfish diverged prior to or in association with the break-up of the three super continents. Chapter two addresses the evolutionary history of the genus Cambarus, using molecular data to test hypotheses of relationships based on chela and carapace morphology. The results provide evidence that the morphology used …

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A Spoonful Of Sugar, Natali Bode May 2012

A Spoonful Of Sugar, Natali Bode

Tredway Library Prize for First-Year Research

No abstract provided.

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The Mir-51 Family Of Micrornas Functions In Diverse Regulatory Pathways In Caenorhbditis Elegans, Allison L. Abbott, John L. Brenner, Benedict J. Kemp May 2012

The Mir-51 Family Of Micrornas Functions In Diverse Regulatory Pathways In Caenorhbditis Elegans, Allison L. Abbott, John L. Brenner, Benedict J. Kemp

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The mir-51 family of microRNAs (miRNAs) in C. elegans are part of the deeply conserved miR-99/100 family. While loss of all six family members (mir-51-56) in C. elegans results in embryonic lethality, loss of individual mir-51 family members results in a suppression of retarded developmental timing defects associated with the loss of alg-1. The mechanism of this suppression of developmental timing defects is unknown. To address this, we characterized the function of the mir-51 family in the developmental timing pathway. We performed genetic analysis and determined that mir-51 family members regulate the developmental timing pathway in the L2 stage …

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Effects Of Human Bmp-2 On Trans-Differentiation Of Myoblast Cells And Human Rhabdomyosarcoma Using An In Vitro Model System, Shannon Kelly May 2012

Effects Of Human Bmp-2 On Trans-Differentiation Of Myoblast Cells And Human Rhabdomyosarcoma Using An In Vitro Model System, Shannon Kelly

Honors Theses

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) is an autosomal dominant disease that affects one in every two million persons. It is a disease that stimulates ossification in injured muscle cells. This mutation affects the bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR), which is found on the surface of skeletal muscle cells. When bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) come into contact with these receptors it causes a cascade of events to occur that transform skeletal muscle cells into bone cells. This mutation causes these receptors to remain constitutively activated in the presence of BMP. We compared the effects of human BMP2 on mouse myoblast cells (C2C12) …

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The Importance Of Isolated Wetlands As Habitat For Rare And Endangered Species In Comparison To Riparian Wetlands, Hillary K. Ballantine May 2012

The Importance Of Isolated Wetlands As Habitat For Rare And Endangered Species In Comparison To Riparian Wetlands, Hillary K. Ballantine

Honors Theses

In this paper, I will review the literature on the factors contributing to the presence of rare or endangered species, the species found in each wetland type and what threatens them, and the views on how to and why we should conserve these habitats. I will also provide data analyses on the importance of isolated wetlands as habitats for rare and endangered species in comparison to riparian wetlands, and present my own views on the topic.

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Nicotine-Induced Neuroprotection In Drosophila Models Of Parkinson's Disease, Lynsey Deudne May 2012

Nicotine-Induced Neuroprotection In Drosophila Models Of Parkinson's Disease, Lynsey Deudne

Honors Theses

Parkinson's disease (PD) causes rigidity, tremors, and posture impairments. There is no cure for this disease and its symptoms intensify with age. In this study, fruit flies were induced with PD using rotenone and the flies in treatment group were provided with food that contained nicotine to determine if nicotine causes neuroprotection and alleviates symptoms of PD. A climbing assay was used to assess the severity of symptoms of PD in the control and experimental groups. The PD induced flies that received nicotine did not show a significant difference in motor ability and therefore did not experience neuroprotection.

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Analysis Of The Response Of A Bromeliad, Vriesea Gigantea, Subjected To Drought, Taylor Epley May 2012

Analysis Of The Response Of A Bromeliad, Vriesea Gigantea, Subjected To Drought, Taylor Epley

Honors Theses

Drought can quickly alter physiological processes in plants not adapted to such conditions. Epiphytic plants, however, have been noted to have some tolerance to drought, which is evident in their water-holding tanks. Several physiological components were measured to determine if Vriesea gigantea, an epiphytic bromeliad, has drought tolerance. Water content, maximum quantum yield, protein concentration, and protein content were measured and compared between three control plants and three experimental plants, which were subjected to two weeks of no water. Water content showed a significant difference, indicating that the plants were being stressed compared to the control plants. The average maximum …

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