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2007

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Articles 421 - 450 of 557

Full-Text Articles in Biology

Acetaminophen Toxicity To The Liver, Sara Miriam Flaum Jan 2007

Acetaminophen Toxicity To The Liver, Sara Miriam Flaum

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Acetaminophen is a drug commonly used in America. Acetaminophen is an excellent antipyretic and has good analgesic effects, especially for a nonprescription drug. However, unlike other nonprescription drugs in this category, it can have significant liver toxicity. This paper discusses the potential for liver toxicity, and presents information on how acetaminophen affects specific proteins in the liver (P450). For example, not only can it inhibit drug metabolism via acting as an alternative (competitive) substrate for proteins that are responsible for drug metabolism, it can also paradoxically increase drug metabolism by increasing these proteins (induction of P450). The literature reviewed and …

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Full Issue: Volume 1, Number 1, Spring 2007 Jan 2007

Full Issue: Volume 1, Number 1, Spring 2007

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Conditions For Caribou Persistence In The Wolf-Elk-Caribou Systems Of The Canadian Rockies, Mark Hebblewhite, Jesse Whittington, Mark Bradley, Geoff Skinner, Alan Dibb, Clifford A. White Jan 2007

Conditions For Caribou Persistence In The Wolf-Elk-Caribou Systems Of The Canadian Rockies, Mark Hebblewhite, Jesse Whittington, Mark Bradley, Geoff Skinner, Alan Dibb, Clifford A. White

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Woodland caribou populations are considered threatened in Alberta and have declined in the Canadian Rocky Mountain National Parks of Banff and Jasper despite protection from factors causing caribou populations to decline outside of parks. Recent research emphasizes the importance of the numeric response of wolves to moose in moose-caribou-wolf systems to caribou persistence. Moose are rare in the Canadian Rockies, where the dominant ungulate prey for wolves is elk. Few studies have explored wolf-elk dynamics and none have examined implications for caribou. We used data collected in Banff to estimate the numeric response of wolves to elk from 1985 to …

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Trophic Status Of A Small Mammal Assemblage On Cape Canaveral Air Force Station With An Emphasis On Peromyscus Polionotus Niveiv, Megan Keserauskis Jan 2007

Trophic Status Of A Small Mammal Assemblage On Cape Canaveral Air Force Station With An Emphasis On Peromyscus Polionotus Niveiv, Megan Keserauskis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Successful translocation of a listed species into an area of previous occupation requires knowledge of the habitat needs. The presence of the necessary food items is critical to the successful establishment of a new population; this information is unknown for Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris, the southeastern beach mouse, a threatened subspecies on the east coast of Florida. I used fecal and stable isotope analysis to determine the diet of this subspecies at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Brevard County, Florida, between the autumn of 2003 and the spring of 2005. Six trapping grids were established, three in the dune/swale and three …

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Tissue And Life Stage Distribution Of A Defensin-Like Gene In The Lone Star Tick Amblyomma Americanum, S. Michelle Todd, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Wayne L. Hynes Jan 2007

Tissue And Life Stage Distribution Of A Defensin-Like Gene In The Lone Star Tick Amblyomma Americanum, S. Michelle Todd, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Wayne L. Hynes

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The transcript sequence of the Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus (Acari: Ixodidae) defensin, termed amercin (amn), was ascertained and a 219-bp amn coding region identified. The gene encodes a 72-amino acid prepropeptide with a putative 37-amino acid mature peptide. This gene shows little similarity to either of the defensins from Amblyomma hebraeum Koch, the only other Amblyomma species for which a defensin has been described. Sequence comparisons with other tick defensins reveal amn to be shorter (6 bp or 2 amino acids) than the Ixodes scapularis Linnaeus (Acari: Ixodidae) and Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae) defensin sequences. The amercin prepropeptide …

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In Vivo Imaging Of Transport And Biocompatibility Of Single Silver Nanoparticles In Early Development Of Zebrafish Embryos, Kerry J. Lee, Prakash D. Nallathamby, Lauren M. Browning, Christopher J. Osgood, Xiao-Hong Nancy Xu Jan 2007

In Vivo Imaging Of Transport And Biocompatibility Of Single Silver Nanoparticles In Early Development Of Zebrafish Embryos, Kerry J. Lee, Prakash D. Nallathamby, Lauren M. Browning, Christopher J. Osgood, Xiao-Hong Nancy Xu

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Real-time study of the transport and biocompatibility of nanomaterials in early embryonic development at single-nanoparticle resolution can offer new knowledge about the delivery and effects of nanomaterials in vivo, and provide new insights into molecular transport mechanisms in developing embryos. In this study, we directly characterized the transport of single silver nanoparticles into an in vivo model system (zebrafish embryos) and investigated their effects on early embryonic development at single-nanoparticle resolution in real time. We designed highly purified and stable (not aggregated and no photodecomposition) nanoparticles and developed single-nanoparticle optics and in vivo assays to enable the study. We …

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Sex-Biased Parasitism And The Reproductive Costs Of Parasites In A Social African Ground Squirrel, Melissa Ann Hillegass Jan 2007

Sex-Biased Parasitism And The Reproductive Costs Of Parasites In A Social African Ground Squirrel, Melissa Ann Hillegass

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Vertebrate males frequently carry higher numbers of parasites than females. This bias in parasite loads could be a consequence of sexual selection. Grouping species are also assumed to be afflicted with larger numbers of parasites than solitary animals and associated costs of this parasitism could vary with group size or structure. I examined sex-biased parasitism and the influence of group size on parasite loads in Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris), a highly social species that occurs in the arid regions of southern Africa. Males carried three times as many ectoparasites as females, but females harbored nearly three times more endoparasites …

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Does Habitat Affect Clonal Demography? An Experiment With Polygonella Myriophylla In Roadside And Florida Scrub, Kristina Dianne Horn Jan 2007

Does Habitat Affect Clonal Demography? An Experiment With Polygonella Myriophylla In Roadside And Florida Scrub, Kristina Dianne Horn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Polygonella myriophylla (Polygonaceae) is a clonal shrub listed as endangered and narrowly endemic to pyrogenic scrub ecosystems in central Florida. It is almost restricted to gaps within the matrix of shrubs in the scrub but also occurs along adjacent road-side habitats. I hypothesize that persistent disturbed microhabitats and more dynamic sand accretion in roadsides will increase rooting probabilities compared to more stable scrub habitats, affecting survival, growth and reproduction. In April 2004- March 2006, I compared plant (genet) and basal branch (ramet) performance between experimentally manipulated plants in native scrub and roadside habitats at two locations within the Lake Wales …

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Avian Motoneuron Apoptosis Following Protease Activated Receptor -1 Activation Is Triggered Neither Through Increased Free Intracellular Calcium Levels Nor Decreased Neurotrophic, David Bumpass, Victoria L. Turgeon, Ph.D Jan 2007

Avian Motoneuron Apoptosis Following Protease Activated Receptor -1 Activation Is Triggered Neither Through Increased Free Intracellular Calcium Levels Nor Decreased Neurotrophic, David Bumpass, Victoria L. Turgeon, Ph.D

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of 17Β-Estradiol And Tamoxifen On Cell Cycle Distribution And F-Actin Expression In Mcf-7 Cells, Kirk Kangaloo, Latoya Jenkins, Nicole Clarke, Samir S. Raychoudhury Jan 2007

The Effects Of 17Β-Estradiol And Tamoxifen On Cell Cycle Distribution And F-Actin Expression In Mcf-7 Cells, Kirk Kangaloo, Latoya Jenkins, Nicole Clarke, Samir S. Raychoudhury

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Using Microenvironmental Effects: Loading, Activity, And Stereoselectivity Relative To Polymer Bound Nabh4 Reagents, James R. Blanton Jan 2007

Using Microenvironmental Effects: Loading, Activity, And Stereoselectivity Relative To Polymer Bound Nabh4 Reagents, James R. Blanton

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Schweinitz’S Sunflower Helianthus Schweinitzii Torrey And Gray, (Asterales: Asteraceae) In Upper Piedmont South Carolina, Steven E. Fields Jan 2007

Schweinitz’S Sunflower Helianthus Schweinitzii Torrey And Gray, (Asterales: Asteraceae) In Upper Piedmont South Carolina, Steven E. Fields

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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A Listing Of The Flora And Fauna Of Saint Helena Island, South Carolina With Emphasis On Historic Penn Center, Steven E. Fields, Harriet Speer, Joshua S. Castleberry,, Michael W. Hook, Rebecca Hunsucker, David M. Lambert Jan 2007

A Listing Of The Flora And Fauna Of Saint Helena Island, South Carolina With Emphasis On Historic Penn Center, Steven E. Fields, Harriet Speer, Joshua S. Castleberry,, Michael W. Hook, Rebecca Hunsucker, David M. Lambert

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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The Diatom Flora Of Phosphorus-Enriched And Unenriched Sites In An Everglades Marsh, Jennifer E. Slate, R Jan Stevenson Jan 2007

The Diatom Flora Of Phosphorus-Enriched And Unenriched Sites In An Everglades Marsh, Jennifer E. Slate, R Jan Stevenson

Biology Faculty Publications

Diatoms are used as environmental indicators in the Florida Everglades, a large subtropical wetland highly impacted by phosphorus pollution. However, the taxonomy of the diatom flora, a mix of temperate and tropical diatoms, is understudied. Therefore, we analyzed the taxonomy of 71 diatom taxa collected in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A). Diatoms were analyzed from sediment cores and from floating algal mats collected in phosphorus-enriched northern WCA-2A and in relatively unenriched southern WCA-2A. In addition, diatoms were analyzed from experimental mesocosms in southern WCA- 2A dosed with 0-126 µgL-1 P-PO4. Total phosphorus optima were calculated for dominant …

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Preference And Performance Of The Wild Indigo Duskywing (Erynnis Baptisiae) On Its Native Host Yellow Wild Indigo (Baptisia Tinctoria) And On The Introduced Plant Crown Vetch (Securigera Varia), Susan D. Mcmahon Jan 2007

Preference And Performance Of The Wild Indigo Duskywing (Erynnis Baptisiae) On Its Native Host Yellow Wild Indigo (Baptisia Tinctoria) And On The Introduced Plant Crown Vetch (Securigera Varia), Susan D. Mcmahon

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The Wild Indigo Duskywing butterfly (Erynnis baptisiae) shifted from its native host plant Yellow Wild Indigo (Baptisia tinctoria) to the introduced plant Crown Vetch (Securigera varia). This study examined the effects of this host shift by comparing butterfly preference (larval feeding and female oviposition) and performance (pupal weight and pupation success) of two distinct butterfly populations, on both native and introduced plants. Caterpillars reared on the native plant had significantly greater pupal weight regardless of the population origin. Larval feeding preference was significantly affected by the plant fed upon; larvae from both populations strongly …

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Corticular Photosynthetic Dynamics For A Coastal Evergreen Shrub: Myrica Cerifera, Jaclyn K. Vick Jan 2007

Corticular Photosynthetic Dynamics For A Coastal Evergreen Shrub: Myrica Cerifera, Jaclyn K. Vick

Theses and Dissertations

I quantified seasonal variations in corticular photosynthesis in 1st through 5th order branches of Myrica cerifera L. (Myricaceae) in order to determine whether corticular photosynthesis contributes to whole plant carbon gain by reducing respirational CO2 loss. Maximum % refixation was 110 ± 39 % of CO2 efflux in the dark (Rd) in 1st order branches during winter, minimum was 18 ± 3 % in 5th order branches during summer. Variations in % refixation paralleled changes in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). As light attenuated with increasing branch order % refixation decreased. Increased PAR in the winter due to a more sparse …

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New Records Of Alien Mollusca In The Hawaiian Islands: Non-Marine Snails And Slugs (Gastropoda) Associated With The Horticultural Trade, Kenneth Hayes, C. Tran, Robert Cowie Jan 2007

New Records Of Alien Mollusca In The Hawaiian Islands: Non-Marine Snails And Slugs (Gastropoda) Associated With The Horticultural Trade, Kenneth Hayes, C. Tran, Robert Cowie

Department of Biology Faculty Publications

The  nonmarine  snails  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  have  been  cataloged  by  Cowie  (1997),reviewed by Cowie (1998a), and subsequent new records reported by Cowie (1998b, 1999,2000). The horticultural industry has been implicated in the transport and introduction ofsnails and slugs in various parts of the world (e.g., Robinson 1999; Barrientos 2000; Cowie&Robinson 2003; Robinson & Slapcinsky 2005), including Hawai‘i (e.g., Cowie 1998b,1999, 2000). Therefore, between 2004 and 2006 we undertook field surveys of nurseries,botanical gardens, and other similar facilities involved in the cultivation of plants, includ-ing aquatic plants, for sale, recreation or research on the six largest of the main HawaiianIslands, …

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Cyp26 Enzymes Generate The Retinoic Acid Response Pattern Necessary For Hindbrain Development, Aaron P. Putzke Jan 2007

Cyp26 Enzymes Generate The Retinoic Acid Response Pattern Necessary For Hindbrain Development, Aaron P. Putzke

Biology Faculty Scholarship

Retinoic acid (RA) is essential for normal vertebrate development, including the patterning of the central nervous system. During early embryogenesis, RA is produced in the trunk mesoderm through the metabolism of vitamin A derived from the maternal diet and behaves as a morphogen in the developing hindbrain where it specifies nested domains of Hox gene expression. The loss of endogenous sources of RA can be rescued by treatment with a uniform concentration of exogenous RA, indicating that domains of RA responsiveness can be shaped by mechanisms other than the simple diffusion of RA from a localized posterior source. Here, we …

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Two Yeast Plasmids That Confer Nourseothricin-Dihydrogen Sulfate And Hygromycin B Resistance In Neurospora Crassa And Cryphonectria Parasitica, Robert P. Smith, Myron L. Smith Jan 2007

Two Yeast Plasmids That Confer Nourseothricin-Dihydrogen Sulfate And Hygromycin B Resistance In Neurospora Crassa And Cryphonectria Parasitica, Robert P. Smith, Myron L. Smith

Biology Faculty Articles

Two plasmids that were previously used with yeast, pRS41N and pRS41H, were found to confer clonNAT and hygromycin B resistance, respectively, in the filamentous fungi Neurospora crassa and Cryphonectria parasitica. These plasmids are suitable for routine cloning and for use in forcing heterokaryons and are available through the FGSC.

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Representando El Objeto De La Controversia. El Caso Del Reloj Molecular, Michael Dietrich Jan 2007

Representando El Objeto De La Controversia. El Caso Del Reloj Molecular, Michael Dietrich

Dartmouth Scholarship

This collection of specially commissioned essays puts top scholars head to head to debate the central issues in the lively and fast growing field of philosophy of biology.

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Representing The Object Of Controversy: The Case Of The Molecular Clock, Michael Dietrich Jan 2007

Representing The Object Of Controversy: The Case Of The Molecular Clock, Michael Dietrich

Dartmouth Scholarship

Through a case study of the controversies surrounding the molecular clock, this paper examines the role of visual representation in the dynamics of scientific controversies. Representations of the molecular clock themselves became objects of controversy and so were not a means for closure. Instead visual representations of the molecular clock became tools for the further articulation of an ongoing controversy.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids), David Fleischmann Jan 2007

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids), David Fleischmann

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal syndrome that affects normally healthy individuals who have acquired an immune system deficiency. AIDS is acquired via a viral agent that attacks the immune system of healthy individuals and eventually erodes it, leading to the onset of a collection of deadly diseases. There are many diseases associated with AIDS, although many of them occur only when an individual has full-blown AIDS. Until then, an infected individual faces several different stages of disease.

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Sara Miriam Flaum Jan 2007

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Sara Miriam Flaum

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Is the use of alcohol in the present time common and socially accepted? In society at large, bars are widespread and frequently visited by the populace. Social clubs, arenas where young people gather on weekends and meet new friends, are usually centered around the presence of alcohol. Business deals cemented over lunch or dinner are commonly accompanied by alcoholic beverages. Advertisements, whether on radio, television, or billboards, give testimony as to how the consumption of a particular alcoholic beverage with a meal would enhance the meal. There is no Super Bowl Game that is not associated with multiple prominent beer …

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Use Of Intracoronary Stents In The Treatment Of Coronary Heart Disease, Rachel Musheyeva Jan 2007

Use Of Intracoronary Stents In The Treatment Of Coronary Heart Disease, Rachel Musheyeva

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for about one-third of all deaths in subjects over age 35. This rate is higher in men than in women and blacks compared to whites. Prior to age 35, men have a three times higher rate of incidence of CHD than women. Coronary mortality among the Hispanic population is not as high as among blacks and whites.

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The Shedding Of Deciduous Teeth, Asher Diamond Jan 2007

The Shedding Of Deciduous Teeth, Asher Diamond

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Humans are diphyodont. They develop two sets of teeth during their lives. The deciduous (baby) teeth begin to emerge when a baby is approximately six or seven months old. At about the age of six these teeth begin to fall out, or undergo shedding. They are replaced by the permanent successors. This process of shedding of the deciduous teeth and replacement by the permanent teeth is called exfoliation. Certain teeth are shed earlier than others. How this process happens has been the focus of many studies.

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Chemical Defenses: From Compounds To Communities, Valerie J. Paul, Koty H. Sharp Jan 2007

Chemical Defenses: From Compounds To Communities, Valerie J. Paul, Koty H. Sharp

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Marine natural products play critical roles in the chemical defense of many marine organisms and in some cases can influence the community structure of entire ecosystems. Although many marine natural products have been studied for biomedical activity, yielding important information about their biochemical effects and mechanisms of action, much less is known about ecological functions. The way in which marine consumers perceive chemical defenses can influence their health and survival and determine whether some natural products persist through a food chain. This article focuses on selected marine natural products, including okadaic acid, brevetoxins, lyngbyatoxin A, caulerpenyne, bryostatins, and isocyano terpenes, …

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Molecular Identification Of Chironomid Species Based On Its-1 And Its-2 Regions Of Rdna, Monita Sharma Jan 2007

Molecular Identification Of Chironomid Species Based On Its-1 And Its-2 Regions Of Rdna, Monita Sharma

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Of all major aquatic invertebrate groups, members of family Chironomidae are most abundant and show a wide range of habitat preferences. The importance of correct identification of Chironomids has been realized in many bioassessment studies mainly because of their worldwide distribution, substrate specificities and predictable responses to various pollutants in the water sources. This study establishes that the sequence data from the Intergenic Spacer Regions (ITS) of ribosomal DNA could be used as molecular markers to distinguish between different Chironomidae species and also to identify them. The need to use molecular approaches, to identify various Chironomidae species, comes from the …

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Tree Seedling Establishment Under The Native Shrub, Asimina Triloba, Marilyn Cabrini Baumer Jan 2007

Tree Seedling Establishment Under The Native Shrub, Asimina Triloba, Marilyn Cabrini Baumer

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Species that form forest understory layers affect canopy tree seedling establishment worldwide. In the Eastern United States, shrub understories like Rhododendrom maximum, a native evergreen species, and Lonicera maackii, an exotic, invasive species, diminish tree seedling survival. I compared the density and survival of canopy tree seedlings under and outside patches of the native shrub, Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal (Annonaceae) (pawpaw). I also conducted a manipulative experiment to determine whether above ground or below ground competition was more important in seedling growth and survival. Above ground competition was manipulated by tying back the leaves of the pawpaw and below ground …

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Acute Toxicity And Immunotoxicity Testing Of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons In Aquatic And Terrestrial Organisms, Andrea Renee Handy Jan 2007

Acute Toxicity And Immunotoxicity Testing Of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons In Aquatic And Terrestrial Organisms, Andrea Renee Handy

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The acute toxicity and immunotoxicity of JP-8 jet fuel on Chironomus tentans, Hyallela azteca, Lactuca sativa, Eisenia foetida, and Lumbricus terrestris was assessed using standard USEPA acute toxicity and static renewal toxicity tests. Three methods of spiking test soil with jet fuel were evaluated. In one method acetone was utilized as a carrier and the soil was dried in the fume hood; in another the soil was spiked directly with jet fuel and also was dried; and in the last the soil was spiked directly without drying. There was low survival in C. tentans in all treatments, including controls. There …

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Distribution Of Ground-Layer Plant Species In A Fragmented Landscape In The Corozal District, Belize, Central America, Divan Catzim Jan 2007

Distribution Of Ground-Layer Plant Species In A Fragmented Landscape In The Corozal District, Belize, Central America, Divan Catzim

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

In this study, I specifically looked at three major issues regarding 36 target plant species in a fragmented landscape in the Corozal district, Belize: 1) Determine woodlot characteristics that tend to favor the target species. 2) Determine plant characteristics that tend to favor the target species. 3) Determine whether age and size of a woodlot favors the presence of the target species. The study area was divided into three areas and each area had woodlots varying in sizes and ages. 36 plant species were sampled in all woodlots upon which woodlot characteristics and species characteristics were associated with the number …

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