Biology Commons^™

Of Moths And Men: Theo Lang And The Persistence Of Richard Goldschmidt's Theory Of Homosexuality, 1916-1960, Michael Dietrich

Dartmouth Scholarship

Using an analogy between moths and men, in 1916, Richard Goldschmidt proposed that homosexuality was a case of genetic intersexuality. As he strove to create a unified theory of sex determination that would encompass animals ranging from moths to men, Goldschmidt's doubts grew concerning the association of homosexuality with intersexuality until, in 1931, he dropped homosexuality from his theory of intersexuality. Despite Goldschmidt's explicit rejection of his theory of homosexuality, Thee Lang, a researcher in the Genealogical-Demographic Department of the Institute for Psychiatric Research in Munich, revived it, maintained Goldschmidt's association with it, and argued on its behalf in publications …

From Gene To Genetic Hierarchy: Richard Goldschmidt And The Problem Of The Gene, Michael Dietrich

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Problem Of The Gene, Michael Dietrich

Dartmouth Scholarship

During the early 20th century the diverse practices of genetics were unified by the concept of the gene. This classical gene was simultaneously a unit of structure, function, mutation, and recombination. Starting in the 1940s, however, the classical gene began to fragment. Today when we speak of a gene for some malady, a regulatory gene, a structural gene, or a gene frequency, it is entirely possible that we are deploying different gene concepts even though we are using the same term. The problem of the gene addresses the fragmentation of the classical gene concept by asking to what extent a …

Unifying Biology: Evolutionary And Molecular Biology: Science Perspectives On Divine Action, Michael Dietrich

Dartmouth Scholarship

Book Review of Evolutionary and Molecular Biology: Science Perspectives on Divine Action by Robert J. Russell, William R. Stoeger, SJ and Francisco J. Ayla.

Dg93, A Nodule-Abundant Mrna Of Datisca Glomerata With Homology To A Soybean Early Nodulin Gene, Nancy Fujishige

Biology Faculty Works

We have isolated a 590-bp full-length cDNA clone designated Dg93, an mRNA that is highly expressed in symbiotic root nodules of the actinorhizal host Datisca glomerata. Dg93 mRNA encodes a deduced polypeptide of 105 amino acids with significant identity (74%) to the soybean (Glycine max) early nodulin (ENOD) gene GmENOD93 (Kouchi and Hata, 1993). Dg93 mRNA is abundant in nodules at 4 weeks post inoculation, the earliest time assayed, and steady-state mRNA levels remain elevated 11 weeks after inoculation. Spatial patterns of Dg93 mRNA expression are complex, with transcript accumulation in the nodule lobe meristem, early infection zone, periderm, and …

Improving The Quality Of Foliage Transplants For Supply To The Kerry Foliage Industry, Gwen Lanigan

Theses

The possibility of improving the quality of transplants of ornamental foliage species, Eucalyptus perriniana, E. parvifolia and Pittosporum tenuifolium, for supply to the Kerry Foliage Industry was investigated. At present transplants (seedlings) are propagated from seed under glass and subsequently transplanted into the field. Therefore nursery practices for seed propagation, such as optimum sowing date, pot and medium selection, irrigation and fertilisation regimes, were investigated and optimised. The possibility of eliminating the occurrence of J- roots, a major problem with Eucalyptus species was also investigated. Vegetative propagation methods, such as cutting propagation and in vitro micro-propagation were investigated for comparative …

Responses Of Cam Species To Increasing Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations, Philippa M. Drennan

Biology Faculty Works

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species show an average increase in biomass productivity of 35% in response to a doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration. Daily net CO2 uptake is similarly enhanced, reflecting in part an increase in chlorenchyma thickness and accompanied by an even greater increase in water-use efficiency. The responses of net CO2 uptake in CAM species to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations are similar to those for C3 species and much greater than those for C4 species. Increases in net daily CO2 uptake by CAM plants under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations reflect increases in both Rubisco-mediated daytime CO2 uptake and phosphoenolpyruvate …

Reproduction Partitioning In Polygyne Nests Of The Yellowjacket Vespula Squamosa, Stephanie A. Stewart

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

An American Obsession: Science, Medicine, And Homosexuality In Modern Society, Michael Dietrich

Dartmouth Scholarship

Book review of An American Obsession: Science, Medicine, and Homosexuality in Modern Society by Jennifer Terry, 1999.

Mechanisms Of Convergence And Extension By Cell Intercalation, Maxellende Ezin

Biology Faculty Works

The cells of many embryonic tissues actively narrow in one dimension (convergence) and lengthen in the perpendicular dimension (extension). Convergence and extension are ubiquitous and important tissue movements in metazoan morphogenesis. In vertebrates, the dorsal axial and paraxial mesodermal tissues, the notochordal and somitic mesoderm, converge and extend. In amphibians as well as a number of other organisms where these movements appear, they occur by mediolateral cell intercalation, the rearrangement of cells along the mediolateral axis to produce an array that is narrower in this axis and longer in the anteroposterior axis. In amphibians, mesodermal cell intercalation is driven by …

Binding Of Urate And Caffeine To Hemocyanin Of The Lobster Homarus Vulgaris (E.) As Studied By Isothermal Titration Calorimetry., Michael Menze, Nadja Hellmann, Heinz Decker, Manfred Grieshaber

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Hemocyanin serves as an oxygen carrier in the hemolymph of the European lobster Homarus Vulgaris. The oxygen binding behavior of the pigment is modulated by metabolic effectors such as lactate and urate. Urate and caffeine binding to 12-meric hemocyanin (H. Vulgaris) was studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Binding isotherms were determined for fully oxygenated hemocyanin between pH 7.55 and 8.15. No pH dependence of the binding parameters could be found for either effector. Since the magnitude of the Bohr effect depends on the urate concentration, the absence of any pH dependence of urate and caffeine binding to oxygenated hemocyanin …

Incomplete Cd8 + T Lymphocyte Differentiation As A Mechanism For Subdominant Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses To A Viral Antigen, Juliet V. Spencer, Thomas J. Braciale

Biology Faculty Publications

CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize antigen in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Class I epitopes have been classified as dominant or subdominant depending on the magnitude of the CTL response to the epitope. In this report, we have examined the in vitro memory CTL response of H-2^d haplotype murine CD8⁺ T lymphocytes specific for a dominant and subdominant epitope of influenza hemagglutinin using activation marker expression and staining with soluble tetrameric MHC–peptide complexes. Immune CD8⁺ T lymphocytes specific for the dominant HA204-210 epitope give rise to CTL effectors that display …

Energy Metabolism In Uncoupling Protein 3 Gene Knockout Mice, A. Vidal-Puig, D. Grujic, C. Zhang, T. Hagen, O. Boss, Y. Ido, A. Szczepanik, Jennifer Wade, V. Mootha, R. Cortright, D. M. Muoio, B. B. Lowell

Biology Faculty Publications

Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a member of the mitochondrial anion carrier superfamily. Based upon its high homology with UCP1 and its restricted tissue distribution to skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue, UCP3 has been suggested to play important roles in regulating energy expenditure, body weight, and thermoregulation. Other postulated roles for UCP3 include regulation of fatty acid metabolism, adaptive responses to acute exercise and starvation, and prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. To address these questions, we have generated mice lacking UCP3 (UCP3 knockout (KO) mice). Here, we provide evidence that skeletal muscle mitochondria lacking UCP3 are more …

Expression Of Human Α2-Adrenergic Receptors In Adipose Tissue Of Β3-Adrenergic Receptor-Deficient Mice Promotes Diet-Induced Obesity, P. Valet, D. Grujic, Jennifer Wade, M. Ito, M. C. Zingaretti, V. Soloveva, S. R. Ross, R. A. Graves, S. Cinti, M. Lafontan, B. B. Lowell

Biology Faculty Publications

Catecholamines play an important role in controlling white adipose tissue function and development. β- and α2-adrenergic receptors (ARs) couple positively and negatively, respectively, to adenylyl cyclase and are co-expressed in human adipocytes. Previous studies have demonstrated increased adipocyte α2/β-AR balance in obesity, and it has been proposed that increased α2-ARs in adipose tissue with or without decreased β-ARs may contribute mechanistically to the development of increased fat mass. To critically test this hypothesis, adipocyte α2/β-AR balance was genetically manipulated in mice. Human α2A-ARs were transgenically expressed in the adipose tissue of mice that were either homozygous (−/−) or heterozygous (+/−) …

Organic Carbon Supply And Metabolism In A Near-Stream Groundwater Ecosystem, H. M. Valett, C. C. Dahm, Michelle A. Baker

Biology Faculty Publications

In groundwater ecosystems, in situ primary production is low, and metabolism depends on organic matter inputs from other regions of the catchment. Heterotrophic metabolism and biogeochemistry in the floodplain groundwater of a headwater catchment (Rio Calaveras, New Mexico, USA) were examined to address the following questions: (1) How do groundwater metabolism and biogeochemistry vary spatially and temporally? (2) What factors influence groundwater metabolism? (3) What is the energy source for groundwater metabolism?

At Rio Calaveras, surface discharge and water table elevation increased at the onset of spring snowmelt. Groundwater biogeochemical changes in response to snowmelt included increases in dissolved oxygen …

Diet Of Gambelia Wislizenii From Chihuahua, Mexico, J. A. Lemos-Espinal, Geoffrey R. Smith, H. M. Smith, R. E. Ballinger

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Age And Group Size On Habitat Selection And Activity Level In Xenopus Laevis Tadpoles, D. R. Golden, Geoffrey R. Smith, Jessica E. Rettig

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Studying The Expression Of A Novel Microsatellite Mrna In Chironomous Riparius, Mina Ranzurmal

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The expression of a unique mRNA containing a microsatellite sequence was studied in C. riparius using differential display. First, the rnicrosatellite fragment was sequenced using Sanger's Sequencing method. The microsatellite cDNA contained 11 "ACA" repeats, 12 "AC" repeats, and 5 "CTC" repeats. Second, the affects of cadmium and heat shock on rnicrosatellite mRNA expression were studied. In cadmium experiments, larvae were exposed to low cadmium concentrations (0, 0.04, 0.4, and 4.0 mM) for 24 and 48 h and high cadmium concentrations (0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mM) for 48 h. The effects of cadmium on fed larvae at …

Analysis Of Genetic Factors Affecting High Density Lipoprotein Levels And Apoall Levels In C57 B1/6j And Fvb/N Wildtype Mice Using A Qtl Mapping Approach, Judith Barrios

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Detoxification Of 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide And Benzo(A)Pyrene-4,5-Oxide By Myristicin Induced Glutathione S-Transferase In A/J Mouse Livers, Eduardo Saldivar

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The activities of mouse liver glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) induced by myristicin, the active compound in parsley leaf oil, against the carcinogens 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) and benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-oxide (BP-4,5-oxide) were studied. A/J mice were treated with three 20 mg doses (one dose every other day) by gavage. Affinity purified liver GST samples from treated animals showed a 7.2-fold increase in activity toward 4NQO when compared with equal amounts of liver samples prepared from the control group. Activity against BP-4,5-oxide was increased 1.8-fold in the experimental group. Experimental samples also showed a significant increase in activity toward the substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene (DCNB), …

Use Of Oak Hammocks By Neotropical Migrant Songbirds During Stopover In Coastal South Carolina, Scott Glen Somershoe

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

Many species of Neotropical migrant songbirds have been reported to be declining in the last few decades, and the loss and fragmentation of stopover habitat has been implicated as a potential cause of these population declines. To manage properly a fragmented forest landscape for migrating songbirds information is needed on how the size and the habitat of forest fragments influence their use by migrants during stopover. Therefore, I conducted censuses of Neotropical migrant birds in eight oak hammocks of varying size (0.32-3.08 ha) at the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge, Jasper County, South Carolina. Censuses were conducted at 0600-1030 h during …

Respiration And Heart Rate At The Surface Between Dives In Northern Elephant Seals, Burney J. Le Boeuf, Daniel E. E. Crocker, Jason Gedamke, J. Grayson, Paul M. Webb, Susanna B. Blackwell, Daniel P. Costa

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

All underwater activities of diving mammals are constrained by the need for surface gas exchange. Our aim was to measure respiratory rate (fb) and heart rate (fh) at the surface between dives in free-ranging northern elephant seals Mirounga angustirostris. We recorded fb and fh acoustically in six translocated juveniles, 1.8-2. 4 years old, and three migrating adult males from the rookery at Ano Nuevo, California, USA. To each seal, we attached a diving instrument to record the diving pattern, a satellite tag to track movements and location, a digital audio tape recorder or acoustic datalogger with an external hydrophone to …

Application Of A Polymerase Chain Reaction-Elisa To Detect Wuchereria Bancrofti In Pools Of Wild-Caught Anopheles Punctualatus In A Filariasis Control Area In Papua New Guinea, Moses J. Bockarie, Peter U. Fischer, Steven A. Williams, Peter A. Zimmerman, Lysaght Griffin, Michael P. Alpers, James W. Kazura

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Chemotherapy-based eradication programs are aimed at stopping transmission of Wuchereria bancroftiby its obligatory mosquito vector. This study compares one year post-treatment W. bancrofti infection rates of Anopheles punctulatus, the main vector of lymphatic filariasis in Papua New Guinea, using traditional dissection techniques and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based ELISA of a parasite-specific Ssp I repeat. A total of 633 mosquitoes in 35 batches were dissected. Six batches contained W. bancrofti-infected mosquitoes, giving a minimum infection rate of 0.9%. This value was not different than the actual infection rate, which was 9 (1.4%) of 633 mosquitoes (P� 0.48). The DNA was …

The Abundance And Distribution Of Arthropods From Sandstone Outcrops In Coffee County, Georgia, F. Michael Mcaloon

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

Broxton Rocks Nature Preserve, a 1,233-hectare preserve containing late Pleistocene sandstone (Altamaha grit) outcrops of various sizes and topographies in a conifer-dominated loblolly pine - hardwood forest, represents a unique habitat to the coastal plain of Georgia. Using modified pitfall traps, I sampled arthropods in four subhabitats (bare rock, lichens, ecotone, wiregrass) at Broxton Rocks between January and November 1999. A total of 312,006 arthropods belonging to four classes (Arachnida, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Insecta) represented by 24 orders was trapped. The numbers of arthropods varied among habitat types, and over the collection dates (P

The Effects Of Low Ph On Sunfish Assemblages In Southeast Georgia, William Boyd Tate

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

No abstract provided.

Cloning And Sequencing Of Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger In The Gills Of The Long-Horned Sculpin (Myoxocephalus Octodecimspinosus), Danielle Lee Gunning

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Height And Vegetation On Success Of Bird Nests In Maritime Forests, Sharon M. Defalco

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

Nest predation is an important source of mortality in songbirds and may contribute to declines in Neotropical migrants. I used artificial nests baited with fresh Japanese Quail and Zebra Finch eggs in conjunction with observations of natural nests to quantity the ettects ol nest height and vegetation on nest predation on St. Catherine's Island, a barrier island in southeast Georgia. Because of intense browsing by white-tailed deer. I predicted that lower, more exposed nests would be least successful. Artificial nests (n = 389) were placed in the field, and natural nests (n = 49) were observed, durintz April and May …

The Effects Of Forest Fragment Size, Isolation, And Microhabitat Variables On Nest Box Use By Southern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys Volans) In Southern Illinois, Catherine Wong, Eric K. Bollinger, Thomas A. Nelson

Faculty Publications

We studied the effects of forest fragmentation on southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) in southern Illinois, and examined factors influencing nest box use. Ten nest boxes were placed in each of 30 oak-hickory forest fragments. Nest boxes were checked monthly after installation. We measured habitat variables that described the nest box tree, the microhabitat surrounding the nest box tree, and landscape level characteristics of the fragments (isolation and area). Overall, 78% of the 300 nest boxes were used. Glaucomys volans was captured in 24 of the 30 forest fragments, and evidence of squirrel use was found in 4 additional fragments. …

The Cytogenetic Effects Of Npyr On Mice, Mehmet Korkmaz, Ahmet Çolak

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effects of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) on mice chromosomes and micronucleus induction were investigated in order to evaluate its genotoxic effects. Twenty 10-12 week old mice and 40 8- 10 week old male mice ( Mus musculus var. albinos) were used for chromosome analysis without sex discrimination and micronucleus tests respectively. Mice were intraperitoneally treated in single injections with three dose levels (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) of NPYR with isotonic saline as the solvent vehicle. Bone marrow was sampled at 24 and 48 h postinjection. Examination of the mice bone marrow chromosomes at the metaphase (24 h) showed that in …

A Quantitative And Qualitative Study On The Phytoplankton Of Palandöken Pond, Hasan Gürbüz, Zekeri̇ya Altuner

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this research, the phytoplankton community of Palandöken pond was investigated quantitatively and qualitatively in samples taken vertically from the surface to 10 m depth between October 1990 and October 1992. The physical and chemical properties of the pond water were also determined. 99 taxa were determined in the phytoplankton and the proportions of them were as follows: Bacillariophyta 79%, Chlorophyta 10%, Cynophyta 6%, Euglenophyta 5%. The phytoplankton generally increased in the spring and early fall whereas in the summer and late fall it decreased. Physical factors had the greatest effect on phytoplankton growth.