Biology Commons^™

Humerus Primer Ossification Zone Development In Rat Fetuses: A Histological And Histochemical Study, İsmai̇l Üstünel, Gökhan Akkoyunlu, Erdoğan Kocamaz, Ramazan Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this investigation of the primary ossification zones of 14-18 day-old fetal rat humeri by histological, histochemical and histoenzymatical methods, 30 rat fetuses of the species Rattus norvegicus were used. The humeral diaphysis samples of the fetuses were subjected to alcian blue-heamatoxylin, periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-heamatoxylin, alcian blue-PAS-heamatoxylin, alizarin red and toluidine blue, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and acid phophatase (ACP) staining techniques. The results can be summarized as follows: On day 14, no ossification signs were evident yet, whereas on day 15, the initiation of degenerations in some chondrocyte cytoplasms and the formation of osteoblastic cells on …

Production Of Uricase Enzyme From Aspergillus Niger And Determination Of Some Factors Affecting The Activity, Fi̇gen Ertan, Erol Aksöz

Turkish Journal of Biology

This study was undertaken to obtain uricase enzyme from Aspergillus niger and also to determine the production conditions and the effects of some factors on enzyme activity. The results of the experiments, in consideration of the production of the uricase enzyme and the factors affecting the production, demonstrated that enzyme activity was maximum when the production time was 3 days at a temperature of 30ºC with the initial pH at 6.0 and inductor concentration at 0.1%. It was determined that ammonium compounds, which were added to the production medium, inhibited enzyme synthesis, and that MgS0_4 has an important role in …

Determination Of Organophosphate Resistance-Dependent Over-Produce Esterase Allel Type With Electrophoresis In The Malaria Vector Species Anopheles Sacharovi And Culex Pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), Ümi̇t Lüleyap, Davut Alpteki̇n, Hali̇l Kasap, Mülki̇ye Kasap

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, over-produce esterase allele types dependent on organophosphate resistance in mosquitoes were determined by cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis in the human malaria vector species Anopheles sacharovi and Culex pipiens in Çukurova (Adana). We found A_2 and A_5 allele bands with some unknown and unidentified gel bands in some An. sacharovi field samples, of which some bands seemed to match with over-produce esterase. We identified A_2-B_2 allele types for all the Cx. pipiens samples collected in this study.

Histological Changes Induced By Sialoadenectomy And Flutamide On The Epididymal Tissue And Epididymal Abnormalities, M.Aydin Ketani̇, Ahmet Ersay, Yusuf Nergi̇z, Mustafa Deni̇z, Şennur Ketani̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study the purpose was to determine the effect of sialoadenectomy (Maternal Epidermal Growth Factor deficiency) on epididymal development and to compare it with that of antiandrogen (Flutamide) application.Forty 12-week-old, sexually mature and pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen as the animal model. They were divided into four groups; Group I : Control group, Group II : Sialoadenectomized (mated on 28^{th} day), Group III: Flutamide applied (between gestational day 11 and 21), Group IV: Sialoadenectomy + Flutamide applied. After birth, all male rats were observed morphologically on the 60th day and sacrificed on the 60^{th} day postpartum under general anaesthesia. …

The Effect Of Sulphur Dioxide On Macrophage Phagocytic Activity In Diabetic Rats, Veci̇he Ni̇met İzgüt Uysal, Vural Küçükatay, Aysel Ağar, Pi̇raye Yargiçoğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Sulphur dioxide as a criterion of air pollution supresses macrophage functions. Some immunological changes in diabetes mellitus have been detected. In the present study, we examined the effect of sulphur dioxide on macrophage phagocytic activity in diabetic rats. The animals were separated into four groups as: 1) Control, 2) Sulphur dioxide, 3) Diabetes mellitus, 4) Diabetes mellitus+sulphur dioxide. The first and the third groups of animals were respirated with filtered atmosphere air in a special chamber one hour daily for eight weeks, while the other groups were exposed to 10 ppm sulphur dioxide in the same conditions and periods. The …

Effects Of Endosulfan On The Isolated Sciatic Nerve Of The Frog, Ülkü Çömelekoğlu, Belgi̇n Büyükakilli, Aynur Avci Özge

Turkish Journal of Biology

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endosulfan on the isolated sciatic nerve of the frog. The nerve was exposed to 0.5 ppm endosulfan for 60 min and then compound action potentials were recorded extracellulary. The latencies, amplitudes, durations of depolarization and repolarization and threshold voltage were measured (n=30). Conduction velocities were calculated using the nerve lengths and latency values of each nerve. It was observed that values of amplitude and duration of repolarization were significantly higher (p

Distribution Of The Bacteria Involved In The Nitrogen And Sulfur Cycle In İzmir Bay, Fatma Güngör, Füsun Uçar

Turkish Journal of Biology

Qualitative seasonal distributions of sulfate-reducing bacteria, colorless sulfur bacteria, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the water and sediment samples in the inner part of İzmir Bay were investigated in relation to certain physico-chemical parameters (pH, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium). Denitrifying bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria were present in the sediment and even in the aerobic water samples. Hydrogen sulfide was found almost in all water samples measured but it was at lower concentrations. It is suggested that denitrifying bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria which produce hydrogen sulfide are involved in the mineralization of organic matter. Members of Thiobacillus and …

In Vitro Propagation Of Thymus Sipyleus Boiss. (Lamiaceae), Bengi̇ Baba Erdağ, A. Kami̇l Yürekli̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

In vitro propagation of Thymus sipyleus Boiss. (Lamiaceae), an endemic from western Anatolia was investigated. Sterilized seeds of the plant were germinated on modified Murashige-Skoog medium (mMS) and Heller's nutrient media. Then, seedlings were transferred to Murashige-Skoog basal medium containing 0.4 mg/l Naphtaleneacetic acid, (NAA) and 3 mg/l Benzyladenin (BA) and then they formed callus where they were in contact with the medium. Plantlets which regenerated on the same medium formed multiple shoots within 2 weeks and they were rooted after the 4th subculture.

The Feeding Of Brachionus Plicatilis (Rotifera) With Different Microalgae Species, Isochrysis Galbana Parke, Tetraselmis Chuii (Bucker), Rhinomonas Reticulata (Lucas) Novamizo, Pavlova Lutheri (Droop) Green And Chlorella Vulgaris Beijerinck, Seli̇n Sayin, Oya Işik, Sevi̇m Polat

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, the feeding of Brachionus plicatilis with different single cell microalgae species, Tetraselmis chuii, Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri, Chlorella vulgaris and Rhinomonas reticulata which are used widely for rotifer culture was investigated. At the first stage of the study, B. plicatilis was fed a mixture of T. chuii, C. vulgaris, I. galbana and R. reticulata the densities of which were 130x104, 650x10^4, 260x10^4 and 130x10^4 cell/ml respectively. The highest ingestion rate, namely 1643 cell/rot./min, was obtained with C. vulgaris. At the second stage, B. plicatilis was fed a the mixture of T. chuii and R. reticulata, of which …

Physiological Changes In Grapevines Induced By Osmotic Stress Originated From Salt And Their Role In Salt Resistance, Nuray Si̇vri̇tepe

Turkish Journal of Biology

Rooted cuttings of Çavuş (salt-resistant), Müşküle (salt-sensitive) and Sultani Çekirdeksiz (moderately salt-sensitive) grapevine cultivars, grown in perlite medium, were subjected to salt stress by irrigating them with 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution including different NaCl concentrations (0.00, 0.50 and 0.75%). It was determined that stomatal conductance and transpiration were strongly inhibited in Müşküle and Sultani Çekirdeksiz with salt treatments, while these physiological activities were maintained with a controlled decrease in cv. Çavuş. Relative water content of leaves decreased while loss of turgor increased in cv. Müşküle due to the salt treatments. Similar changes were also observed in cv. Sultani Çekirdeksiz although …

Profiles Of The Highly Invasive Plants In Oregon Including Lists Of Oregon’S Invasive And Naturalized Plants, Rebekah Jane Harper

Dissertations and Theses

The study and control of invasive species are important issues in restoration ecology and land management. Invasive species are among the top contributors to habitat degradation worldwide. Unfortunately, information concerning invasive species and methods for their control is limited and widely scattered throughout the literature.

A comprehensive list of the naturalized and invasive species found in Oregon is important for monitoring invasive and potentially invasive species. It also provides a base of information for people interested in investigating invasive species; however, no such state-wide list existed for Oregon before this work.

Profiles for highly invasive species should provide information concerning …

A Determination Of Parentage, Mating System, And Genetic Diversity In A Captive Population Of The Straw-Colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon Helvum), Jan Zinck

Dissertations and Theses

Small populations tend to lose genetic variability. The magnitude of this loss is influenced by the number of founding individuals, the genetic diversity of the founders, and the species mating system. Genetic variability is the basis of adaptive evolution, and the loss of genetic variability may have harmful effects on development, growth, and survival. Therefore, a primary management goal for small, captive populations is the retention of genetic variability. Of considerable importance to conservation biology is the determination of parentage, from which mating, genetic, and demographic information can be derived. Microsatellites provide a robust molecular evolutionary tool for the study …

Identification Of Potential Molecular Biomarkers Of Cadmium Induced Stress In C̲Hironomus Tentans ̲, David Hunter Dyer

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The objective of this research was to identify potential molecular biomarkers by looking for differences in the mRNA expression patterns between cadmium exposed and non-exposed freshwater aquatic invertebrate larvae. In the future, genes that indicate sublethal damage to a population at risk could be used to monitor the degradation or regeneration of an ecosystem. For this study, laboratory reared Chironomus tentans were placed in a sublethal concentration of cadmium treated water and the genes turned on in response to the cadmium were isolated from a cDNA subtract library. Six genes were identified and two potential biomarkers of environmental stress, ferritin …

Effect Of Spaceflight On The Isotonic Contractile Properties Of Single Skeletal Muscle Fibers In The Rhesus Monkey, Robert H. Fitts, Janell R. Romatowski, Cynthia A. Blaser, Lourdes J. De La Cruz, Gwen J. Gettelman, Jeffrey J. Widrick

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Field Notes On The Biology Of The Long-Wattled Umbrellabird Cephalopterus Penduliger In West Ecuador., Karl S. Berg

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

La biología del Pajaro Paraguas Longipendulo Cephalopterus penduliger es quizas lo menos conocido del genero. A pesar de eso, lo consideraron una de las especies más amenzadas en el continente Sudamericano debido a la deforestación, caza y a un grado menor, la comercialización de las aves como mascotas. Entre febrero y octubre de 1998 yo observe C. penduliger a lo largo del período y 1.600 horas de observación en la Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha Bilsa, Provincia de Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Documente varios aspectos de las observaciones incluyendo un sonogramo de dos vocalizaciones, descripciones de comportamiento, forrageo y las primeras fotos de …

First Nesting Record Of Blue Jay (Cyanocitta Cristata) In Hidalgo County, Texas, Timothy Brush

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

No abstract provided.

The Monthly Variations Of Blood Glucose Level Of Capoeta Tinca Capoeta(Heckel, 1843) In Çoruh Basin-Oltu Stream, Ayhan Yildirim, Mustafa Türkmen, İrfan Altuntaş

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, the monthly variation of blood glucose level of Capoeta tinca caught from in Çoruh Basin - Oltu Stream, between Augist 1995 and June 1996 was determined. It was determined that the average blood glucose level was 86.19±3.86 mg/dl in males and 83.58±3.77 mg/dl in females. The blood glucose level was highest (116.36±8.58 mg/dl) in April, and lowest (51.00±7.10 mg/dl) in June.

The Effect Of Olive Oil Mill Effluent On The Mitotic Cell Division And Total Protein Amount Of The Root Tips Of Triticum Aestivuml., Mehmet Aybeke, Göksel Olgun, Uğur Sidal, Dürdane Kolankaya

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this work sitotoxic and mutagenic effects Olive Oil Mill Effluent (OOME) on the root tips of Triticum aestivumL. were investigated. In this purpose, germination rate of seeds, mitotic division abnormalities and total protein amounts were evaluated. The seeds kept in various OOME concentrastions, it was determinated that germination rate decreased, whilst mitotic abnormalities and mitotic cell division frequency increased. Especially, the increased cell division frequency was of significance, almost several times higher than the control group. The cells having multinucleus or fragmented nucleus and numerical or sutructural mutations were also found. Furthermore it was observed that total protein amounts …

Genomic Imprinting: A Specialized Form Of Generegulation, Fatma Fi̇li̇z Çoşkun Ari

Turkish Journal of Biology

Genomic imprinting is a process resulting in the preferential expression of certain genes depending on whether the genetic material has been inherited from the mother or the father. Many imprinted genes have been identified as having important roles in mammalian development, and the loss of imprints as well as non-imprinted alleles causes a variety of developmental abnormalities and pathological conditions in both mice and humans. In this article, the phenomenon of genomic imprinting, the developmental implications of imprinting and the molecular mechanisms proposed for this process are reviewed.

Isolation, Characterization And Identification Ofthiram-Degrading Microorganisms From Soilenrichment Cultures, Nuretti̇n Şahi̇n, Abdurrahman Üsame Tamer

Turkish Journal of Biology

Mixed microbial cultures were obtained by enrichment from soil samples collected from the Gediz basin. A number of species of bacteria and fungi were isolated and partially characterized from enrichment clutures containing the fungicide thiram. According to their responses in morphological and biochemical tests fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Penicilium steckii. Bacterial isolates were assigned to the genera: Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Moraxella-like Acinetobacter and Streptomyces. Islates grew in a mineral salts medium containing 0.2 mg/ml thiram and no growth factors were required.

Investigation On The Liver Functions Agriculturel Workers Chronically Exposed To Pesticides, Ülkü Çömelekoğlu, Bi̇rgül Mazmanci, Abdullah Arpaci

Turkish Journal of Biology

Blood samples were taken from agricultural workers who had been exposed to pesticides for long periods in Içel and the surrounding agricultural areas (n=150) and levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, total protein, albumin and globulin in serum were determined. The same parameters were measured in 64 persons who are not exposed to pesticides in any way. Study group showed significantly higher levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH (p

Immunohistochemical Distribution Of Transforming Growth Factor Alpha,Laminin, Fibronectin And Desmin In Rat Ovary, Gökhan Akkoyunlu, İsmai̇l Üstünel, Ramazan Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Biology

Since the pure synthesis of transforming growth facto alpha (TGF\alpha) many attempts have been made in order to determine its distribution in various tissues. As a result of the complexitiy of the cyclic periods throughout experimental models, it is not easy to determine the distribution of TGF\alpha in the system. Especially the pre-and through-gestational pattern of TGF\alpha in rat ovary has not been reported fully. Furthermore, the shortage of literature about intracellular desmin and laminin, fibronectin of different intermediate filaments whether they have any interaction with TGF\alpha through this period, makes the subject worth discussing. Immunocytochemical techniques were utilized in …

Phage Sensitivities Of Lactococci Isolated From Raw Milk And Whey, Pinar Şanlibaba, Mustafa Akçeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, lactococcal strains isolated from raw milk and whey samples of different types of cheese produced without using industrial starter cultures in different regions of Turkey were tested for sensitivity to 22 lactic phages. In addition to the strain isolation materials, virulent lactic phages were also isolated from samples obtained from dairy plants using industrial starter cultures. 18 L lactis subsp. lactis strains out of 73 lactococcal strains were found to be resistant to all the phages. It was determined that the total phage resistance levels of the other 55 strains were between 18.18 and 90.90%.

Obtaining Biosurfactant From Olive Oil Mill Effluent (Oome) Usingpseudomonas Sp., Uğur Sidal, Nazi̇f Kolankaya, Cengi̇z Kurtonur

Turkish Journal of Biology

Olive oil mill effluent (OOME) is one of the major pollutants produced by the agricultural industry in Mediterranean countries. The olive oil mills in these countries generate about 2-3 million tonnes of effluent annually. OOME is a black liquor containing a water-soluble fraction of ripe olives and water that is used in the process of olive oil extraction. This waste has a high mineral content and a chemical oxygen demand of 25.000-100.000 mg/l. depending on the olive oil extraction process used. This study presents a process for biosurfactant as rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas sp. from olive oil mill effluent (OMME). …

Prevention Of Hydrogen Peroxide And Cisplatininduced Apoptosis By Intracellular Catalaseoverexpression, H. Barbaros Oral, Andrew J.T. George, Dorian O. Haskard

Turkish Journal of Biology

Apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2 ) was investigated in Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells, and compared to apoptosis induced by cisplatin (25 µM), a well-established apoptosis-inducing agent. In preliminary experiments, CHO cells were treated with low concentrations of H_2O_2 (250-500 µM) continuously or for 3 hours, followed by washing and further incubation in complete growth medium for 1-10 days. Fluorescence microscopy of acridine orange-stained cells indicated morphological changes of apoptosis. Similar changes were observed in cisplatin-treated cells. DNA-laddering also revealed that DNA fragmentation occurred in both adherent and non-adherent cells by day 2. To prevent H_2O_2 -mediated apoptosis, the …

Nonspecific Esterase Patterns Of Rattus Norvegicus(Berkenhout, 1769) In Western Turkey, Reyhan Çolak, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen, Şaki̇r Özkurt

Turkish Journal of Biology

Nonspecific esterases in the muscle, heart, kidney and liver tissues of wild rats (Rattus norvegicus) were examined by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Zymogram bands corresponding to Es-10 and Es-4 in the muscle, heart, kidney and liver homogenates, Es-3 and Es-17 in the kidney and liver, Es-18 in the liver tissue, Es-15 in kidney and liver, Es-2 in the muscle and heart, Es-16 in the heart tissue were detected. These findings showed that nonspecific esterases are very polymorphic and tissue-specific, and are not of taxonomic importance for the populations of Rattus norvegicus.

Cultural Characteristics Of Morchella Esculentamycelium On Some Nutrients, Peri̇han Güler, Oğuz Arkan

Turkish Journal of Biology

The cultural characteristics of Morchella esculenta mycelium were investigated in potato dextrose agar, malt extract agar and complete medium yeast plates prepared with casein (cas), Casamino Acids (caa), peptone (p) and sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ). Aerial and vegetative mycelium types were determined in the agar media with cas, caa and p. The third colonial characteristic was observed in the agar media with NaNO 3 . In this media, a colonization increase in circular forms spreading from the centre to the edges was determined. Mycelium colonization periods were 20-24 days in agar media with NaNO 3 .

Isolation, Identification And Toxigenic Tests Of Aeromonas Hydrophila From Several Sources In Izmir, Ataç Uzel, Füsun Uçar

Turkish Journal of Biology

A total of 43 samples (4 sea water, 5 water, 4 river water, 10 oyster and 10 fish samples) from Izmir were examined for the presence of Aeromonas hydrophila. Alkaline peptone Water (APW) for the environmental samples and Trypticase Soy Broth with Ampicillin and Toluidine Blue (TSBA) for the food samples were used for enrichment of the samples. In isolation, 5 different selective media were used: DNase Agar with Toluidine blue and Ampicillin (DNTA), Aeromonas Agar (AA), Rimler Shotts Agar (RSA), mA Agar and Aeromonas Mediums Base (AMB). Identification of the isolates was performed according to Bergey's Manual of Determinative …

Threatened Fishes Of The World: Chasmistes Liorus Jordan, 1878 (Catostomidae), Mike Whitney, Mark C. Belk

Faculty Publications

Common name: June sucker.

Studies On The Role Creb As A Mediator Of Neurotrophin-3 Actions In Oligodendrocytes, Jamie Richard Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes (OLGs) are the cells responsible for producing the myelin membrane which allows for the saltatory conduction of neuronal impulses. We have previously shown that CREB (cAMP response element binding protein), a transcription factor that belongs to a large family bZip (basic leucine zipper) proteins, could be a mediator of neuronal signals that, coupled to different signal transduction pathways, may play different regulatory roles at specific stages of oligodendrocyte development. We have found before that, in committed OLGs, CREB activation by phosphorylation can be triggered by β-adrenergic stimulation and appears to play a role …