Biology Commons^™

Measurement Of Fungicide Smoke Application By Electron Beam Analysis, C. R. Krause, C. C. Powell

Scanning Microscopy

Low volume fungicide smoke particle deposits were studied with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Under greenhouse conditions, particles deposited on Rhododendron leaf surfaces and onto inert, carbon planchets adjacent to Rhododendron leaves were characterized by electron beam analysis. Angular particles containing chlorine, identified as vinclozolin deposition, were quantified on a per unit area basis. Leaf samples collected from plants immediately adjacent to the smoke applicator had more particles than leaf samples collected elsewhere. More deposition was measured on leaf surfaces than on inert planchet surfaces. This study increased our knowledge about the effectiveness of using less fungicide …

The Use Of Scanning Electron Microscopy For Investigations Into The Three Dimensional Organisation Of The Interphase Nucleus, T. D. Allen, P. M. O'Connor

Scanning Microscopy

In an attempt to elucidate three dimensional information on the organisation of the nucleus, nuclei have been extracted from ascites tumour cells or tissue culture cells by a variety of biochemical techniques, and prepared for high resolution scanning electron microscopy using an osmium-thiocarbo-hydrazide infiltration procedure which has previously proved successful for analysis of chromosome structure. Nuclei were prefixed with either Methanol-Acetic acid, glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde and then extracted by a variety of detergents with the aim of a 'biochemical dissection' of their outer elements to allow surface visualisation of the nuclear lamina. Continued extraction removed all aspects of the nuclear …

Fine Structure And Organ Culture Of Chick Embryo Dorsal Aorta, C. Ward Kischer, Michael Jaqua

Scanning Microscopy

Embryonic blood vessels have not been grown in organ culture, in a way which might easily submit them to studies of vascular organogenesis. The chick embryo dorsal aorta is easily accessible and relatively simple to explant to culture. Its organ culture may provide a model for wounding and repair of the intima and/or media and provide a model for studies of growth (or maintenance) and differentiation. Fresh dorsal aorta and its organ culture from the chick embryo was characterized morphologically by light microscopy scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) from days 4 to 18. Explants were incubated up to …

Observations Of Colloidal Gold Labelled Platelet Microtubules: High Voltage Electron Microscopy And Low Voltage-High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy, R. M. Albrecht, J. Prudent, S. R. Simmons, J. Pawley, J. J. Choate

Scanning Microscopy

18 nm colloidal gold-antitubulin and 4 nm colloidal gold-antitubulin were used to label microtubules in adherent, fully spread platelets. Both sizes of marker effectively labelled microtubules in the partially extracted platelets. However only the 4 nm gold penetrated the dense microfilament matrix of the inner filamentous zone so that portions of microtubules within this cytoskeletal zone could be tracked. The gold marker could be visualized well with 1 MeV high voltage transmission EM and with 5 kV or greater secondary imaging or 20 kV backscattered imaging of carbon only coated samples. 1 kV secondary imaging permitted high resolution imaging of …

Nonfish Prey Of Wintering Bald Eagles In Lilinois, Given Harper, D. Hopkins, Thomas Dunston

Scholarship

Many Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) winter in Illinois (Fawks 1979), where they feed primarily on fish (e.g., Southern 1966, Fischer 1982, Harper 1983). However, few reports have been published documenting their use of mammalian and avian prey in the midwestern United States (Lingle and Krapu 1986, Stalmaster 1987). This paper describes the almost exclusive use of nonfish prey in an upland population of Bald Eagles, and discusses related management implications.

Isolation & Characterization Of Dna Polymerase Alpha And Gamma From Turnips (Brassica Rapa) And Etiolated Soybeans (Glycine Max), Donna Hill

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

DNA polymerase alpha, the enzyme involved in nuclear DMA replication, and DNA polymerase gamma, the enzyme involved in organellular DNA replication, were isolated and purified from soybean and turnip. The enzymes were characterized following ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAF-cellulcse, phosphocelluloca, and hydroxylapatite chromatography, and by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protein banct were electropluted and the enzymes characterized using kinetic studies and sensitivity to divalent cations and inhibitors. Molecular weight and subunit composition studies indicated a molecular weight for the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase alpha in soybean and turnip to be 46kDa. DNA polymeraqe gamma was composed of a catalytic subunit …

Effect Of Conidia Germination On Infection Of Brown Planthopper (Bph) By Insect Fungi, M. C. Rombach, R. M. Aguda, Donald W. Roberts

Biology Faculty Publications

Conidia of insect fungi actively invade BPH [brown planthopper]. After a conidium lands on the insect cuticle, germination takes about 8 to 16 h, depending on the temperature and relative humidity. After the germination, tuber is formed, the conidium produces specific chitinase enzymes to dissolve the insect cuticle. This allows the fungus to enter the insect body cavity, where further fungus growth occurs. At the end of the infection cycle, the mycelium sporulates on the outside of the insect. Conidia produced on the cadaver can infect healthy BPH initiating epizootics of the fungus. To test infection, 50 adult alate BPH …

Receptor Localization And Distribution On Normal And Diabetic Cells By Electron Microscopy, Vance L. Kincaid

Masters Theses

The objective of this research was to evaluate receptor localization and distribution on normal and diabetic cells by electron microscopic analysis.

To achieve this objective, gold-adsorbed and ferritin-conjugated macromolecules were used to determine the location and concentration of specific receptor binding sites on the cells surfaces. To facilitate the use of these ultra-structural histocytochemical markers, normal and diabetic Chinese hamster and other nondiabetic cells were either grown in vitro on ultra thin plastic films or embedded in Lowicryl K4M and pre- or post-labelled with these marker molecules.

Analysis of the data obtained from electron micrographs of these labelled cells was …

The Formation And Function Of Dnase I Hypersensitive Sites In The Process Of Gene Activation, Sarah C.R. Elgin

Biology Faculty Publications & Presentations

No abstract provided.

The Short Term Effects Of Manganese Toxicity On Isocitrate Dehydrogenase In Wheat & Tobacco, Juergen Pfeiffer

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The short term effects of high manganese levels (80 mg/L) on wheat and tobacco isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) activity were compared. The change in activity was then compared to the concentrations of manganese in the tissues.

As the time of manganese exposure increased, the fresh weight IDH activities in wheat and tobacco decreased. In contrast both control groups had similar enzyme activities every 6 hr over the 24 hr test period. The decrease in IDH activity of wheat and tobacco plants in experimental groups seemed to be related to an increase of the manganese in the leaf tissue. The slower decrease …

Nonfish Prey Of Wintering Bald Eagles In Lilinois, Given Harper, D. Scott Hopkins, Thomas C. Dunston

Given Harper

Probing The Alpha-Sarcin Region Of Escherichia-Coli 23s Rrna With A Cdna Oligomer, Gary A. White, Ted Wood, Walter E. Hill

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The cause of 50S ribosomal subunit collapse reportedly triggered by hybridization of a 14-base cDNA probe to the alpha-sarcin region of 23S rRNA was investigated by physical measurement of probe-subunit complexes in varying buffer conditions. The results reported here show that this probe was unable to hybridize to its target site in the intact 50S subunit and the physical characteristics of 50S subunits remained unchanged in its presence. Subunit collapse was induced in buffer containing 20mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 600 mM NH4Cl, 1 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, and 0.1 mM EDTA in the absence of probe. The probe bound …

Quantitative Margin Analysis In The Scanning Electron Microscope., J. F. Roulet, T. Reich, U. Blunck, M. Noack

Scanning Microscopy

Interface between restorative materials and tooth hard substances must be morphologically as perfect as possible to avoid plaque accumulation and subsequent secondary caries or pulpal diseases. Therefore the marginal behavior of restorations is an important parameter to predict their longevity.

Morphologically, the quality of margins is characterized by different well defined criteria. Using a replica technique it is possible to assess the complete marginal circumference of restorations in the SEM. Margins of restorations show a large variety of their morphology. This publication describes a method to quantify the quality of dental restorations.

The restoration margins are traced on the SEM …

Optical Design Considerations In Confocal Scanning Microscopy, T. Wilson

Scanning Microscopy

We review the properties and applications of confocal optical systems. We concentrate on non-fluorescent reflection systems and on applications which make use of the unique optical sectioning property of these instruments to provide three-dimensional images. A crucial design choice concerns the form and size of the detector. We therefore concentrate on the role of the detector size on the strength of the optical sectioning. We find that although the sectioning becomes weaker as the detector sizes where the sectioning remains essentially constant. We also consider the role of lens aberrations which are inevitably present and find, inter alia, that these …

Stimulation Of Collagen Formation In The Intestinal Anastomosis By Low Dose He-Ne Laser, David T. Yew, Winnie W. Y. Li, K. M. Pang, Y. C. Mok, C. Au

Scanning Microscopy

The effect of low dose He-Ne laser on the healing of intestinal anastomosis was studied in the albino rat. A small piece of jejunum was removed from each rat and the ends sutured back with a simple interrupted pattern. In the experimental animal, the anastomosis was Irradiated through an optic fiber with a He-Ne laser (1 mW) for 15 minutes whereas in the control animal, the anastomosis was not irradiated. The differences between the two groups were compared by histology, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and autoradiography 3 and 7 days after operation. The laser treated experimental animals demonstrated …

Complementary Surface Characterization Of Chalcopyrite By Electron Microscopy, Electron Spectroscopy, And Optical Reflectance, P. H. Ruzakowski, P. H. Holloway, G. Remond

Scanning Microscopy

Surface oxidation of polished natural specimens of chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) at temperature between 23°C and 300°C in air has been characterized by Auger electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The reaction products consisted of an outer iron oxide layer and an intermediate copper rich sulfide layer. Several different oxides and sulfides were consistent with the electron spectroscopy data, so specimens were analyzed as a function of time and temperature at selected 20 μm diameter areas with an optical microreflectometer (OMR). Since the optical properties of a compound are unique, a reflectance model with three homogeneous layers was used to calculate …

Trypanosoma Lewisi: Effects Of Trace Metal Contaminants On Immunological Responses, Yvonne Hogan, Clarence Lee

Department of Biology Faculty Publications

The effects of trace metal contaminants (lead, cadmium, and mercury) on the immunologic responses of rats infected with Trypanosoma lewisi were investigated to determine whether chronic exposures to subclinical levels of these metals have adverse effects on the host's ability to respond to an infective agent.Earlier and higher levels of parasitemia were detected in animals exposed to cadmium, lead, and mercury. The variability in length of trypanosome cells in metal-exposed animals became constant at a later time and persisted for a longer time, indicating a delay in antibody synthesis. Serum levels of IgG and IgM were increased in infected animals …

Organ-Specific And Development Regulation Of The Nopaline Synthase Promoter In Transgenic Tobacco Plants, Gynheung An, Michael A. Costa, Amitava Mitra, Sam-Bong Ha, László Márton

Faculty Publications

Control regions of the nopaline synthase (nos) gene have been widely used to express foreign genes in plants since the promoter is active in a wide variety of plant tissues. We report here the characteristics of the nos promoter activity in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants at various developmental stages. The promoter was highly active in the lower parts of a plant and gradually decreased in the upper parts. This vertical gradient was maintained throughout plant growth until the flowering stage when the overall promoter strength decreased significantly in the vegetative organs. However, in various flower …

Trypanosoma Lewisi: Effects Of Trace Metal Contaminants On Immunological Responses, Yvonne Hogan, Clarence Lee

Clarence Lee

A New Versatile Holder For The Calibrating Standard Used For Quantitative Analysis In Jeol 840 Sem, Michael Dvorachek

Scanning Microscopy

An improved holder has been designed for a cobalt calibrating standard used in an EDS Link 10,000 system attached to a JEOL 840 SEM. This holder allows the calibration of the EDS software for a wide range of samples differing in size, surface and height. These differences usually cause difficulties during quantitative analyses. The new holder allows the position of the cobalt to be adjusted according to the size and height of the sample.

Community Structure Of The Arthropods Of Carlsbad Cavern Emphasizing Raphidophoridae Of The Genus Ceuthophilus, Diana Northup

Biology ETDs

Censusing of cave arthropods has been carried out in three areas of Carlsbad Cavern from 1984 to 1987, using pitfall traps. The areas represent a food rich area (Bat Cave, a guano community with high species richness), a food poor area (Sand Passage, an area deep within the cave, with low species richness), and an area with moderate food resources (Left Hand Tunnel, an area near the Underground Lunch Room). Species diversity, as estimated by Hill's N₂, showed that Left Hand Tunnel had values closer to one ( dominance by one species), while Sand Passage and Bat Cave …

Sulfur Accumulation In Xylem Tissue Of Forest Trees From Kentucky & Tennessee & Its Relation To Yearly Growth, Jennifer Sharp

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The levels of sulfur present in xylem tissue of Quercus alba (white oak) show a statistically significant increase from 1970 to 1983. This increase was found in trees from three different sites in Kentucky and Tennessee. The levels of sulfur present in Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) show a statistically significant increase from 1955 to 1970. Sensitivity, growth response to the tree's environment, decreased in oaks from 1933 to 1968 but increased slightly in hemlocks during the same time period. The data tend to support a direct relationship between increasing sulfur levels and a reduction in growth. Physiological and ecological studies of …

Crystallization Of Trimeric Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor (Cachectin), M. J. Eck, B. Beutler, G. Kuo, J. P. Merryweather, S. R. Sprang

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Crystals of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been obtained in two forms. Rhombohedral crystals grow in 1.8 to 2.0 M ammonium sulfite, pH 7.8 at 21°C, and tetragonal crystals grow in 2.6 M magnesium sulfate, pH 5.5 at 25°C. Analysis of TNF by isoelectric focusing under native and denaturing conditions indicates that TNF molecules exist as trimers in solution. The rhombohedral cachectin crystals belong to space group R3 and have unit cell constants a = b = c = 47.65 Å and α = β = γ = 88.1°. Density determinations and the space group indicate that the unit cell …

Sequence Of The Psba Gene From Wild Type Triazin-Resistant Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia, Anikó Páy, Marvin A. Smith, Ferenc Nagy, László Márton

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Distribution Of Zooplankton In Selected Oregon Lakes, Mary Elizabeth Claska

Dissertations and Theses

Zooplankton samples were collected from 166 Oregon lakes. The lakes included a wide range in size, trophic status, and water quality. Lakes were located throughout the state. Zooplankton were identified using standard taxonomic keys and counted. Seventy-four species were identified from the 200 total samples, including 32 species of cladocera, 22 copepods, and 11 rotifers. Two species of copepod were recorded for the first time in Oregon: Diaptomus mississippiensis and Diaptomus pallidus. Seven species had widespread distributions throughout most of the watersheds in the state. Seventeen other species had distributions restricted to eastern, central, or western Oregon. The remaining …

Effects Of Indomethacin On Prostaglandin E2 In 7,12-Dimethybenz (A) Anthracene Induced Mammary Tumorigenisis In Rats Fed Different Levels Of Polyunsaturated Fat, Candace Sue Smith

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Arts and Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Masters of Science in Biology by Candace Sue Smith on August 5, 1988.

Anion-Exchange Chromatography Of The Murine Estrogen Receptor: Ionic Forms Of Receptor Under Different States Of Activation, Gregory Craft

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Gregory Craft on August 5, 1988.

A Rapid System For Analyzing Histone H4 Mutations In The Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Edward Rex Lakey Harkrader

Master's Theses

Genetically engineered, specific histone H4 mutations have been analyzed in yeast which lack normal H4 protein using the time consuming technique of tetrad dissection. The purpose of the present research project has been to develop a rapid new system for analyzing histone H4 mutations in yeast. The new system has made it possible to isolate quickly cells which are surviving on mutant H4 only. The system will make it possible to analyze more quickly large numbers of H4 mutations. It is termed a plasmid shuttle system because of the use of plasmid vectors for shuttling histone H4 alleles in and …

Sodium/Proton Exchange In The Gills Of Three Species Of Crabs : Libinia Dubia, Callinectes Sapidus, And Menippe Mercenaria, Nicholas J. Maiolo

Master's Theses

Na+/H+ exchange was studied in plasma membrane vesicles from gills of three species of crabs: Callinectes sapidus (blue crab), Libinia dubia (spider crab), and Menippe mercenaria (stone crab). Spider crabs and stone crabs were acclimated to full (35ppt) seawater, while blue crabs were acclimated to both dilute (5ppt) and full strength seawater. Membrane vesicles were prepared by sucrose density centrifugation. Na+/H+ exchange was analyzed using acridine orange fluorescence. Male C. sapidus showed the most exchange activity (per g gill tissue), followed by M. mercenaria, female C. sapidus and Libinia dubia. No difference in exchange activity was evident when blue crabs …

A Reverse Genetics Approach For Studying Histone H4 Structure-Function Relationships In Yeast, Michael J. Bonaduce

Master's Theses

A previously constructed mutation of the histone H4 gene has been the subject of a detailed analysis. The mutation involves an H4 gene encoding two amino acid changes which substitute aspartic acid for glycine at positions 13 and 42 of the polypeptide. These substitutions result in a nonfunctional H4 protein when assayed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast, an analysis of an amino terminal deletion of amino acids 3-26 results in a functional H4 protein. Physical biochemistry studies identify the sites of histone-histone interactions between residues 38-102 of histone H4, the same area in which position 42 resides. The question being …