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Articles 31 - 60 of 249
Full-Text Articles in Biology
In-Vitro Antisickling Activity Of Pergularia Daemia, Canna Indica And Petiveria Alliacea Plants Used In The Treatment Of Sickle Cell Anaemia In Edo State, Nigeria, Osaro Iyekowa, Felix E Okieimen, Clifford O Ehisuoria
In-Vitro Antisickling Activity Of Pergularia Daemia, Canna Indica And Petiveria Alliacea Plants Used In The Treatment Of Sickle Cell Anaemia In Edo State, Nigeria, Osaro Iyekowa, Felix E Okieimen, Clifford O Ehisuoria
Tanzania Journal of Science
Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape and transportation of the red blood cells (RBCs) in blood vessels, leading to various clinical complications. Available medicines for treating the disease are insufficiently effective, toxic or expensive. Therefore, there has been a pressing need for effective and inexpensive therapeutic agents from indigenous medicinal plants. Petiveria alliacea, Canna indica and Pergularia daemia, respectively were evaluated for their cationic constituents as a measure for their antisickling activity in sickle cell anaemia disorder. The three medicinal plants were extracted separately with methanol solvent using maceration method for 72 hours. The …
Synthesis, Characterization And Antimicrobial Properties Of Mixed-Ligand Complexes Of Some Metal(Ii) Ions With Barbituric Acid And 1,10-Phenanthroline Ligands, Kayode Taiwo Ishola, Oluwabiyi James Olaoye, Mary Adelaide Oladipo, Omobola Ajibike Odedokun, Oyebanji Oluseun Aboyeji
Synthesis, Characterization And Antimicrobial Properties Of Mixed-Ligand Complexes Of Some Metal(Ii) Ions With Barbituric Acid And 1,10-Phenanthroline Ligands, Kayode Taiwo Ishola, Oluwabiyi James Olaoye, Mary Adelaide Oladipo, Omobola Ajibike Odedokun, Oyebanji Oluseun Aboyeji
Tanzania Journal of Science
Many pathogenic organisms have developed resistance to many antibiotics, which leads to an increase in the spread of many microbial infections. There is an urgent need to find more effective drugs to curb widespread transmission. Hence, this study synthesized and evaluated the antimicrobial activities of mixed-ligand complexes of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) ions with barbituric acid and 1,10 phenanthroline ligands in effort to find more effective antibiotics. The complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, metal analysis, melting points, solubility tests, and spectroscopic analyses (IR and UV-visible). The antimicrobial activities of the complexes were evaluated against two gram-positive bacteria …
Evidence Of Distinct Genetic Stocks Of The Bottlenose Wedgefish (Rhynchobatus Australiae) In The Indo-West Pacific, Rehema J. Simwanza, Cyrus Rumisha
Evidence Of Distinct Genetic Stocks Of The Bottlenose Wedgefish (Rhynchobatus Australiae) In The Indo-West Pacific, Rehema J. Simwanza, Cyrus Rumisha
Tanzania Journal of Science
Populations of the bottlenose wedgefish (Rhynchobatus australiae) in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) have declined by nearly 80% in recent decades. In response, IWP countries are establishing sanctuaries to provide refuge for the fish. However, little is known about the genetic stock structure of the fish in the region. Hence, this study analysed partial sequences (610 base pairs) of the cytochrome oxidase subunit (COI) gene from eight bottlenose wedgefish populations in the IWP to assess the genetic stock structure of the fishery. The sequences revealed that Western Indian Ocean (WIO) populations are genetically distinct from those in the West Pacific (WP) …
Prevalence Of Endoparasites And Haematology In Redbelly Tilapia From A Shallow Tropical Reservoir In Ghana, Elliot H. Alhassan, Samuel A. Osei, Akwasi Ampofo-Yeboah, Samuel O. Dandi
Prevalence Of Endoparasites And Haematology In Redbelly Tilapia From A Shallow Tropical Reservoir In Ghana, Elliot H. Alhassan, Samuel A. Osei, Akwasi Ampofo-Yeboah, Samuel O. Dandi
Tanzania Journal of Science
The goal of this study was to assess common endoparasites on Tilapia zillii in the Tono Reservoir, as well as to investigate the mean intensity and prevalence of these parasites. A total of 175 fish specimens were examined during the study. Endoparasites of three metazoans and one protozoan were observed from the Tilapia zillii gills, intestines, and stomach. The findings showed that the most common endoparasites affecting Tilapia zillii are Ichthyopthirius multifiliis, Bothriocephalus sp., Contracaecum sp., and Dactylogyrus sp. Also, Contracaecum sp had the highest prevalence of 29.71, followed by Bothriocephalus sp (18.86), Ichthyopthirius multifiliis (12), and Dactylogyrus sp (6.86). …
Land Cover Change As A Proxy Of Changes In Wildlife Distribution And Abundance In Tarangire-Simanjiro-Lolkisale-Mto Wa Mbu Ecosystem, Thobias Anthony, Nyimvua Shaban, Cuthbert Nahonyo
Land Cover Change As A Proxy Of Changes In Wildlife Distribution And Abundance In Tarangire-Simanjiro-Lolkisale-Mto Wa Mbu Ecosystem, Thobias Anthony, Nyimvua Shaban, Cuthbert Nahonyo
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study analyzed the land use and land cover (LULC) changes from 2000 to 2020 and examined its influence on wildlife distribution and abundance. LULC from satellite imagery for 2000, 2012 and 2020 were acquired from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Supervised classification along with a maximum likelihood algorithm was used to classify satellite imagery into eight LULC classes: bareland, woodland, wetland, shrubland, grassland, waterbodies, cropland and built-up land. The results showed that grassland, wetland and woodland had declined, while shrubland, cropland and built-up land increased from 2000 to 2020. Grassland, wetland and woodland decreased from 48.1%, 14.1% and …
Generation Of Electricity By Using Microbial Fuel Cell Prototype Fed By Sewage: Case Study At The University Of Dar Es Salaam, Mahir M Said, Asia A Saad, Geoffrey R John, Aviti T Mushi
Generation Of Electricity By Using Microbial Fuel Cell Prototype Fed By Sewage: Case Study At The University Of Dar Es Salaam, Mahir M Said, Asia A Saad, Geoffrey R John, Aviti T Mushi
Tanzania Journal of Science
The access to electricity is still not reliable in Tanzania. Whilst, there are several locations within the country that have wastewater cites that are not economically used to produce electricity. At the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), there are main grid power, and few scattered solar panels. This study was intended to bridge the divide between the current increasing power demands of the UDSM by exploiting not so much used sources, such as electric energy from wastewater. This study was undertaken to develop a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) prototype fed by sewage in Dar es Salaam, for electricity generation …
Recruitment Behaviour In An African Meliponine Bee Species (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Meliponini): Understanding Glandular Origin And Pheromonal Components, Bridget O. Bobadoye, Olaniyi T. Alamu, Jennifer A. George-Onaho, John A. Ete, Ayangbade E. Ayandokun, Ifeoluwa S. Agboola, Olubusola T. Adeoye, Popoola J. Adekola
Recruitment Behaviour In An African Meliponine Bee Species (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Meliponini): Understanding Glandular Origin And Pheromonal Components, Bridget O. Bobadoye, Olaniyi T. Alamu, Jennifer A. George-Onaho, John A. Ete, Ayangbade E. Ayandokun, Ifeoluwa S. Agboola, Olubusola T. Adeoye, Popoola J. Adekola
Tanzania Journal of Science
Meliponine bees are speculated to use a variety of communication mechanisms to effectively recruit workers of a colony to collect sufficient amounts of food to nourish the entire nest population. Mechanisms used to convey such information include thoracic vibrations and trophallaxis within the nest; footprint secretions and pheromone marks deposited in the field, or a combination of these signals and cues. There have been numerous discrepancies about the origin of trail pheromone production from the head, thorax, abdomen and leg regions of meliponine bees. Because the glandular origin of pheromone marks deposited by African meliponine bee’s species has not yet …
Phytochemical And Antibacterial Evaluations Of Chloroform Extract Of Mondia Whitei (Hook F) Skeels, Abdullahi Shehu, Ojochide Inikpi Egwemi, Olufunmilayo Adeola Ajayi, Abdulmumeen Amao Hamid
Phytochemical And Antibacterial Evaluations Of Chloroform Extract Of Mondia Whitei (Hook F) Skeels, Abdullahi Shehu, Ojochide Inikpi Egwemi, Olufunmilayo Adeola Ajayi, Abdulmumeen Amao Hamid
Tanzania Journal of Science
Mondia whitei, also known as Mondia, is an aromatic plant of Apocynaceae family. It is used as aphrodisiac, antidepressant, fertility medication and to improve appetite. The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of the plant. The chloroform extract of M. whitei was screened for its antibacterial effects using agar diffusion method against five bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi). The extract was active against S. typhi, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus at 400, 400 and 200 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the extract was observed in a dose-dependent …
Impacts Of Climate Change On Small Pelagic Fish Catches In The Coastal Artisanal Fishers Communities Of Tanzania, Lyidia Kapapa, Paul Onyango Onyango, Nibedita Mukherjee, Prosper Mfilinge
Impacts Of Climate Change On Small Pelagic Fish Catches In The Coastal Artisanal Fishers Communities Of Tanzania, Lyidia Kapapa, Paul Onyango Onyango, Nibedita Mukherjee, Prosper Mfilinge
Tanzania Journal of Science
Climate-related effects occur across all regions in Tanzania, affecting primary sectors such as agriculture and fishing. This study investigated the impacts of climatic change on small pelagic catches in fishers in Kilindoni, Kipumbwi and Kilwa Kivinje villages along the Tanzanian coast. We studied how changes in rainfall, sea surface temperature, wind speed and chlorophyll a affect small pelagic fisheries using primary and secondary data. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied. Primary data collection involved questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Secondary data was obtained from Tanzania Meteorological Agency and remote sensing from Modi's sensor. Results showed an increase …
Chemical Analysis, Antibacterial Activities And Uses Of Leaves And Calyces Of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Grown In Dodoma, Tanzania, Sartaz Begum, Derick R. Mwakimbwala, Gideon Sangiwa, Valence M.K. Ndesendo
Chemical Analysis, Antibacterial Activities And Uses Of Leaves And Calyces Of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Grown In Dodoma, Tanzania, Sartaz Begum, Derick R. Mwakimbwala, Gideon Sangiwa, Valence M.K. Ndesendo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Preliminary phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa grown in Tanzania revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like steroids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids along with L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and iron(II). Furthermore, both leaves and calyces showed antibacterial activities (agar well diffusion method) against selected bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Shigella sonnei), but calyces possessed potent antibacterial activities compared to leaves. The results also supported the claimed traditional uses of this plant. When interrogated during the cross-sectional study in Dodoma region, 54% of the respondents claimed the plant is used to treat …
Antibacterial Potency Of Allium Sativum, Psidium Guajava, Zingiber Officinale Roots Against The Food Poisoning Strains (Escherichia Coli 0157:H7 And Staphylococcus Aureus), Godfrey O. Mauti
Tanzania Journal of Science
Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus are notorious food poisoning bacteria of great effect on human health. This study determined the phytochemical constituents of ethanolic, vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) filtrates of Allium sativum (garlic), Psidium guajava (guava), Zingiber officinale (ginger) and their antibacterial activities on E. coli 0157:H7 and S. aureus. In a laboratory-based controlled experiment, the antibacterial and inhibitory activities of the VLC filtrates in doses of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08g/mL were investigated on E. coli 0157:H7 and S. aureus using the agar well diffusion method and compared with a standard antibiotic. The indices of the zone of …
Morphological Variabilities And Identification Of Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Genotypes From Major Growing Regions In Tanzania, Joseph I Massawe, Gladness E Temu
Morphological Variabilities And Identification Of Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Genotypes From Major Growing Regions In Tanzania, Joseph I Massawe, Gladness E Temu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a vegetatively propagated crop that belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae. In Tanzania, yam is mainly grown as a source of food and income generation, especially for smallholder farmers. In this study, an assessment of morphological variations among 74 genotypes of Dioscorea spp. collected from six major growing regions was conducted. Yam genotypes were maintained and planted at Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute-Kibaha for characterization. Data from fifty morphological variables were subjected to multivariate analysis using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The first nine principal components with Eigenvalues > 1 accounted for 86.28% of the total variations. Some …
Antimalarial And Antimicrobial Activities Of Some Heteroleptic Metal(Ii) Complexes Of Sulfadiazine–Vitamin C: Synthesis And Spectroscopic Studies, Ikechukwu P. Ejidike, Mercy O. Bamigboye, Dorcas A. Fadare, Juliana B. Adetunji, Joshua A. Obaleye
Antimalarial And Antimicrobial Activities Of Some Heteroleptic Metal(Ii) Complexes Of Sulfadiazine–Vitamin C: Synthesis And Spectroscopic Studies, Ikechukwu P. Ejidike, Mercy O. Bamigboye, Dorcas A. Fadare, Juliana B. Adetunji, Joshua A. Obaleye
Tanzania Journal of Science
Some new Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) of mixed Sulphadiazine and Vitamin C complexes have been synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, and magnetic measurements. Both ligands used for this research work act as bidentate ligands towards the central metal ions coordinating through the nitrogen atoms of >C=N–, NH2 groups of Sulphadiazine and oxygen atoms of OH, CO groups of Vitamin C. Tetrahedral and square-planar geometries have been proposed for the complexes. The complexes are stable under atmospheric conditions. The ligands and their complexes were screened for antimicrobial activities against some …
Evaluation Of Natural Antifungal Compounds From Artemisia Afra And Its Effectiveness On Prevention Of Aflatoxins, Noela G. Kilenga, Daniel Maeda, Oscar Kibazohi, Lilian D. Kaale
Evaluation Of Natural Antifungal Compounds From Artemisia Afra And Its Effectiveness On Prevention Of Aflatoxins, Noela G. Kilenga, Daniel Maeda, Oscar Kibazohi, Lilian D. Kaale
Tanzania Journal of Science
Artemisia afra is a medicinal plant with antimicrobial activities, known to treat tuberculosis, measles, cough, and influenza. In consequence, its applications have increasingly become pivotal to control various microbes which cause different diseases. This study therefore, evaluated the chemical composition and the antifungal activity of A. afra essential oil. The extraction of essential oil was done using steam distillation. The essential oil chemical composition was analysed by GC-MS. The analysis revealed 19 compounds from A. afra. The main compounds were borneol (71.529%), terpinen-4-ol (8.582%), β-thujone (3.283%), β-terpineol (2.590%), α-terpineol (1.791%), chrysanthenone (1.507%), myrtenal (1.393%), eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) (1.263%), cis-sabinene hydrate (1.172%) …
Population Characteristics Of Selected Small Pelagic Fish Species Along The Tanzanian Coast, Godfrey Fabiani, Leonard J. Chauka, Christopher A. Muhando
Population Characteristics Of Selected Small Pelagic Fish Species Along The Tanzanian Coast, Godfrey Fabiani, Leonard J. Chauka, Christopher A. Muhando
Tanzania Journal of Science
Although small pelagic fishing in Tanzania is rising, lack of information on population structure has been a significant concern in its management. This study aimed to determine the species composition, length-weight relationship and length at first maturity of Amblygaster sirm, Encrasicholina heteroloba, Encrasicholina punctifer, Stolephorus commersonii, and Spratelloides gracilis landed at Kilwa Kivinje, Kipumbwi and Shangani along the Tanzanian coast. These landing sites were chosen because of their locations and importance in the small pelagic fishery. Sampling was done monthly from October 2018 to June 2020. The catch composition was site specific such that E. heteroloba dominated at Kilwa Kivinje …
Characterisation And Antimicrobial Potential Of Actinobacteria Isolated From Momela Soda Lakes, Tanzania, Witness S. Lema, Ally Mahadhy, Modester Damas, Joan J.E. Munissi, Thomas J. Lyimo
Characterisation And Antimicrobial Potential Of Actinobacteria Isolated From Momela Soda Lakes, Tanzania, Witness S. Lema, Ally Mahadhy, Modester Damas, Joan J.E. Munissi, Thomas J. Lyimo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Extreme environments such as soda lakes are potential sources of microbes with biotechnological applications in different sectors. This study aimed at isolation, characterization and investigation of antibacterial potential of actinobacteria from Momela Soda Lakes, at Arusha National Park in Tanzania. One hundred and twenty (120) isolates were recovered from soil and water samples using the dilution plate technique. The isolates were morphologically and biochemically characterized, and further, screened for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method as well as the micro dilution technique. Cytotoxic effects were determined using the brine shrimp lethality test. Results showed that, all 120 isolates were Gram-positive …
Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Towards The Use Of Iron And Folic Acid Supplements Among Pregnant And Lactating Women In Dar Es Salaam, Cecilia N. Mshanga, Elina J. Maseta
Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Towards The Use Of Iron And Folic Acid Supplements Among Pregnant And Lactating Women In Dar Es Salaam, Cecilia N. Mshanga, Elina J. Maseta
Tanzania Journal of Science
The current study investigated knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding the use of iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements among pregnant and lactating women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Dar es Salaam. A cross-sectional survey involved 294 pregnant and lactating women attending Prevention of Mother-To Child Transmission (PMTCT) clinics. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the subjects. The data were analysed using SPSS. Multivariate regression analysis was carried out to determine factors associated with IFA supplement use among the study subjects. The findings indicated that knowledge of IFA supplement use among the subjects was good …
Bed Ii Phytolith Palaeolandscapes (1.5-1.1 Ma) At Oldupai Gorge, Tanzania, Makarius P. Itambu
Bed Ii Phytolith Palaeolandscapes (1.5-1.1 Ma) At Oldupai Gorge, Tanzania, Makarius P. Itambu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The primary approach for reconstructing ancient plant landscapes is normally through the analysis of environmental proxy data and ultimately the application of the data from plant micro-remains to infer the vegetation patterns, distribution, and nature of past environments. Phytolith analyses serve as an important tool for identifying different micro-ecological niches in which human activities occurred. They are indicative of certain plant types and vegetation patterns, and the way in which plant landscapes respond to regional climate changes. Hence, in order to understand the ancient plant landscape of the Pleistocene Bed II sites of Oldupai Gorge 1.5 to 1.1 million years …
Generation Of Geochemical Exploration Targets From Regional Stream Sediment Data Using Principal Component And Factor Analysis: A Case Study Of Kibaya-Kiteto, Manyara-Tanzania, Yusto J. Shine, Charles D. Moye, Godfrey J. Mallya, Ambaliche L. Tamambele
Generation Of Geochemical Exploration Targets From Regional Stream Sediment Data Using Principal Component And Factor Analysis: A Case Study Of Kibaya-Kiteto, Manyara-Tanzania, Yusto J. Shine, Charles D. Moye, Godfrey J. Mallya, Ambaliche L. Tamambele
Tanzania Journal of Science
A regional-scale stream sediment geochemical sampling was carried out with an average sampling density of one sample per nine square-kilometre in Kiteto District, Manyara Region. A total of 358 stream sediment samples were collected and analysed for major and trace elements by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fire assay with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) finish methods. In this study, Factor and Principal Component Multivariate (FPCM) analyses have been used to the stream geochemical data to delineate potential mineralization zones by plotting correlated factors as geochemical anomaly maps. Four factors that account for 73.7% of the total variance of the stream sediment …
Chemical Composition And Bioactive Potential Of Extracts From Diospyros Capricornuta F. White Against Aspergillus Flavus And Aspergillus Parasiticus, Princess W. Ngowi, Juma A. Mmongoyo, Lilian D. Kaale
Chemical Composition And Bioactive Potential Of Extracts From Diospyros Capricornuta F. White Against Aspergillus Flavus And Aspergillus Parasiticus, Princess W. Ngowi, Juma A. Mmongoyo, Lilian D. Kaale
Tanzania Journal of Science
Diospyros capricornuta is an endemic species widely distributed along the coast of Tanzania that is used as food condiments and traditional medicine. The chemical compositions of Diospyros capricornuta leaves, stem-bark, and root-bark extracts; and their bioactive potentials against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus were investigated. The leaves, stem-bark, and root-bark samples of D. capricornuta were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus and the resultant extracts were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 14 compounds were identified from the extracts, whereby 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol was the most abundant compound in all extracts. The growth and aflatoxin production inhibitions against A. flavus and …
Pulse-Field Analysis Diversity Of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Producing Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated From Periplaneta Americana (Cockroaches), Omolara D. Popoola, Moses O. Efuntoye, Georgia C. Agu, Benjamin T. Thomas
Pulse-Field Analysis Diversity Of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Producing Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated From Periplaneta Americana (Cockroaches), Omolara D. Popoola, Moses O. Efuntoye, Georgia C. Agu, Benjamin T. Thomas
Tanzania Journal of Science
Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are organisms of public health significance that have been implicated in prolonged hospital stay, treatment failures and higher fatalities. These organisms were originally thought to be widely distributed in hospital, but have since grown in terms of their epidemiological coverage. This study was therefore aimed at using pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to understand the diversity of ESBL producing organisms originating from cockroaches in Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria. The diversity was determined by using a set of twenty six (26) ESBL producing bacterial strains isolated from cockroaches sampled in Ago-Iwoye community, Ogun State, Nigeria. PFGE analysis …
Effects Of Small-Scale Mining Activities On Fisheries And Livelihoods In The Birim River In Atiwa District, Eastern Region Of Ghana, Elliot Haruna Alhassan, Samuel Opoku Dandi, Sandra Akugpoka Atindana
Effects Of Small-Scale Mining Activities On Fisheries And Livelihoods In The Birim River In Atiwa District, Eastern Region Of Ghana, Elliot Haruna Alhassan, Samuel Opoku Dandi, Sandra Akugpoka Atindana
Tanzania Journal of Science
The socioeconomic importance of small-scale mining in Ghana is of great interest to the country. It provides employment, supports the livelihood of poor rural areas, and also contributes to national income. Despite all these importance, it has a great influence on the surroundings, with surface and groundwater bodies being the most affected. The study was conducted to determine the effects of small-scale mining activities on fisheries and livelihoods along the Birim River in Atiwa District of Ghana, and also, to ascertain the nature of mining in the catchment and the current status of fisheries in the river. Data were collected …
Chemical Constituents And Antimicrobial Evaluation Of Selected Aloe Vera Branded Commercial Products In Tanzania, Stephen S Nyandoro, Bahati F Kyando, Joan Je Munissi
Chemical Constituents And Antimicrobial Evaluation Of Selected Aloe Vera Branded Commercial Products In Tanzania, Stephen S Nyandoro, Bahati F Kyando, Joan Je Munissi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of twenty-two Aloe vera branded commercial products in Tanzania, a case of marketed soaps, creams, lotions, petroleum jelly, toothpastes and hair conditioner products in Dar es Salaam, were investigated. Chemical compositions were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) whereas antimicrobial activities were evaluated using agar dilution method against four bacteria species, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoneae and Salmonella typhi) and two fungal species Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of seven non-polar constituents, namely methyl palmitate, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, methyl stearate, tetratetracontane, hexacosane, and pentacosane and methyl …
Seasonality In Phytoplankton Species Composition And Their Influence On Small Pelagic Fish Along The Western Pemba Channel, Margareth S Kyewalyanga
Seasonality In Phytoplankton Species Composition And Their Influence On Small Pelagic Fish Along The Western Pemba Channel, Margareth S Kyewalyanga
Tanzania Journal of Science
The influence of phytoplankton biomass on small pelagic fish groups was studied at three sites along the Western Pemba Channel, to assess the contribution of seasonality. Sampling took place at the three sites in the coastal waters of Tanga, Tanzania. The study used in-situ data from July 2016 to January 2017, remotely-sensed chlorophyll-a data from August 2016 to August 2017 and 2019–2020, and small pelagic fish catch data from the same periods as the remotely-sensed data. The dominant groups at all the three sites were diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria, with diatoms having the highest number of species compared to the …
Effects Of Temperature And Salinity On Incubation Time, Hatching Success, And Larvae Survival Of The Giant Tiger Prawn Penaeus Monodon Under Experimental Conditions, Sawadi Ndunguru, Marcelian Njau, Blandina Robert Lugendo
Effects Of Temperature And Salinity On Incubation Time, Hatching Success, And Larvae Survival Of The Giant Tiger Prawn Penaeus Monodon Under Experimental Conditions, Sawadi Ndunguru, Marcelian Njau, Blandina Robert Lugendo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Prawns are commercially one of the most important marine resources. However, in their early developmental stages, they face challenges related to physico-chemical and environmental changes. This study aimed at investigating the effects of temperature and salinity on egg incubation time, hatching success, larval and postlarval survival of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius 1798) obtained from the coastal waters of Tanzania. The adult females P. monodon collected off Rufiji delta were left to acclimatize and spawn at 28.5 ± 0.5 °C and 32 ppt in the hatchery. Spawned eggs were incubated at experimental temperatures of 27 °C, 31 °C …
Using Constructed Wetlands To Remove Pathogenic Parasites And Fecal Coliforms From Wastewater In Tanzania, Abdallah Zacharia, Wajihu Ahmada, Anne H. Outwater, Billy Ngasala, Rob Van Deun
Using Constructed Wetlands To Remove Pathogenic Parasites And Fecal Coliforms From Wastewater In Tanzania, Abdallah Zacharia, Wajihu Ahmada, Anne H. Outwater, Billy Ngasala, Rob Van Deun
Tanzania Journal of Science
Wastewater treatment is a widely used health protection measure that can be applied to control the transmission of wastewater-related infectious diseases to communities exposed to wastewater. This study determined the efficiency of three full-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) in removing pathogenic parasites and fecal coliforms (FC) bacteria from wastewater. Wastewater samples were collected from three CW systems located in the Dar es Salaam and Iringa regions of Tanzania. The modified Bailenger and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain techniques were used to detect and quantity parasites. The membrane filtration method was used to detect and quantify FC. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version …
Solar Cells: Types, Modules, And Applications–A Review, Amira Abd-Elfattah Darwish, Rana S. Abdelmohsen, Mohamed Ahmed, M. Megeed
Solar Cells: Types, Modules, And Applications–A Review, Amira Abd-Elfattah Darwish, Rana S. Abdelmohsen, Mohamed Ahmed, M. Megeed
Tanzania Journal of Science
The basic operating principle of photovoltaic (PV) devices is the conversion of solar irradiation into electricity. There are various applications of this principle in many countries such as Egypt, Nigeria and Denmark. Most of the solar PV projects are designed for street lighting, water pumping and water desalination. However, we hope about wide range of using the appropriate components and best technical procedures, standard PV projects with maximum performance output. The present systems now provide 20% to 40% only of the community's heat or lightness on annual basic needs. These include innovative and alternative ways to reduce material uses and …
Geochemistry Of Mafic-Intermediate Intrusive Rocks From The Twangiza-Namoya Gold Belt, Eastern Democratic Republic Of Congo: Trace Element Constraints On Their Origin, Petrogenesis And Tectonic Setting, Gerald L. Chuwa, Charles H. Kasanzu
Geochemistry Of Mafic-Intermediate Intrusive Rocks From The Twangiza-Namoya Gold Belt, Eastern Democratic Republic Of Congo: Trace Element Constraints On Their Origin, Petrogenesis And Tectonic Setting, Gerald L. Chuwa, Charles H. Kasanzu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Bulk geochemical data for the Twangiza-Namoya Gold Belt, Democratic Republic of Congo, are presented in order to classify the rock assemblages, elucidate their petrogenesis and tectonic settings. Nb/Yb and Zr/Ti constraints reveal two suites for the rocks: sub-alkaline to andesitic basalts (Suite-1); and alkaline basalts (Suite-2). Ratios of Ti/Zr = 22–70; Zr/Hf = 35–42; Nb/Ta = 12–13; Nb/Th = 1–2 and La/Nb = 2.4–3.8 suggest arc-generated mantle melts with crustal inputs and arc-fluids metasomatism for Suite-1. The samples have positive LILE and negative Nb, Ta, Ti anomalies, enrichments in the LREE over middle and HREE (La/Yb)CN = 3.6–8.9 with negative …
Optical And Chemical Properties Of Fragaria Ananassa And Galena: Potential Photosensitizers In A Natural Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, Ibukun S Akinsola, Aderemi B Alabi, Coppede Nicola
Optical And Chemical Properties Of Fragaria Ananassa And Galena: Potential Photosensitizers In A Natural Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, Ibukun S Akinsola, Aderemi B Alabi, Coppede Nicola
Tanzania Journal of Science
Dye is one of the major components for high power conversion efficiency in a dye-sensitized solar cell. There are challenges natural dyes encounter, especially with quick degradation of the dye molecules. This work considered mineral dye in comparison with plant dye to address the challenge of degradation of natural plant dyes. The optical properties and functional groups of the two natural dyes were studied in this work. The absorption spectra, the optical band gaps and the absorption coefficients of the dyes were reported and found to be suitable for use as photosensitizers in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), as they …
Effects Of Copper Fungicides Spray On Nutrient Contents In Soils Of Cocoa Growing Areas Of Southwestern Nigeria, Musibau O Azeez, Olusola O Adesanwo, Joseph A Adepetu
Effects Of Copper Fungicides Spray On Nutrient Contents In Soils Of Cocoa Growing Areas Of Southwestern Nigeria, Musibau O Azeez, Olusola O Adesanwo, Joseph A Adepetu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of copper fungicides spray on physical and chemical properties of soils of cocoa growing areas of southwestern Nigeria. Samples were collected from selected cocoa farms and adjacent plots across three states (9 samples from Osun State, 9 samples from Ondo State and 7 samples from Ekiti State), within rainforest zone of Nigeria. The physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were determined. Copper contents of the cocoa plantation soils were significantly higher (16.23 mg Cu/kg) than the adjacent plots (6.31 mg Cu/kg) indicating accumulation of Cu in the soil because of …