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Articles 301 - 330 of 498
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Examination Of Electroglottography (Egg) And Surface Electromyography (Semg) As Techniques To Assess Oral Motor Activity During Consumption Of Four Forms Of Chocolate, Taylor Patterson
Honors Theses
The study assessed individual oral motor activity while eating different types of chocolates through the use of electroglottography (EGG) and surface electromyography (sEMG). I hypothesized that chocolate samples with higher milk solids and cocoa composition would be preferred by subjects as assessed by subject evaluation of textural attributes for the four chocolate samples. I predicted that preference will be significantly and positively correlated with oral motor events [e.g. sEMG activity of master and suprahyoid muscles, total number of chewing actions, and time to last swallow (EGG)]. The experiment used a subject group of 40 students enrolled at the University of …
Egg Laying Bird With Male Plumage Demonstrates The Puzzling Nature Of Sexual Differentiation And Selective Mate Preferences In Zebra Finches, John Aaron Howell
Egg Laying Bird With Male Plumage Demonstrates The Puzzling Nature Of Sexual Differentiation And Selective Mate Preferences In Zebra Finches, John Aaron Howell
Honors Theses
Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) are oscine Passerine songbirds that are native to Australia. Zebra finches have sexually dimorphic plumage, song nuclei, and behavior. The role of chromosomes, hormones, and genes on sexual differentiation are not completely understood. A gynandromorph in our aviary had male plumage, a male partner, and produced viable offspring. Mate preference tests revealed lower preference for the gynandromorph and its progeny than controls, suggesting that they had some traits that made them unattractive to other birds. Gynandromorph lineage males had greater same-sex preferences than control males. Chromosomes in birds are different than those in humans. Males are …
Population Genetics Of The Giant Red Centipede Along The Appalachian Mountains, Kayla Elayne Ladner
Population Genetics Of The Giant Red Centipede Along The Appalachian Mountains, Kayla Elayne Ladner
Honors Theses
This study focused on population genetics of the giant red centipede, Scolopocryptops sexpinousus, in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Two genetic markers were used—the mitochondrial COI gene, and the nuclear RNA Polymerase II gene. The goal of this study was to determine how many genetically distinct populations of this invertebrate species exist within the study area, and to understand the spatial distribution of genetic diversity within and among populations. I hypothesized several genetically distinct populations of S. sexpinosus would be detected because the complex topographic characteristics and historical climate cycles of the region are thought to limit movement of many forest …
Bring Your Own Device Initiative To Improve Engagement And Performance In Human Anatomy And Physiology I And Ii Laboratories, Kelsey Hillhouse
Bring Your Own Device Initiative To Improve Engagement And Performance In Human Anatomy And Physiology I And Ii Laboratories, Kelsey Hillhouse
Honors Theses
At the University of Mississippi, just 4.93% (2014) and 6% (2015) of Human Anatomy and Physiology students responding to an informal, opinion survey stated that their favorite lab activity was using microscopes. In addition, performance on lab practical questions involving the identification of specimens under a microscope is low with the average percent correct being as low as 31.85% and no higher than 41.94%. These numbers are troubling in that Human Anatomy and Physiology I and II are required courses for students desiring entry into many allied health professions where knowledge of tissues, obtaining samples for biopsy, and interpreting microscopic …
Effects Of Mutating Ctra-Binding Sites Within The Pile Promoter Of Caulobacter Crescentus, Sarah Chong
Effects Of Mutating Ctra-Binding Sites Within The Pile Promoter Of Caulobacter Crescentus, Sarah Chong
Honors Theses
This project investigated the regulation of pilA by the global transcriptional regulator CtrA in the dimorphic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. The pilA gene encodes the pilin subunits which are polymerized into helical filaments to produce pili, and the gene is directly activated by CtrA such that filaments are produced after cell separation. The pilA promoter harbors three regions that have been shown to bind CtrA (Binding Regions 1, 2, and 3), and multiple CtrA recognition sites are found in these regions, which is unusual for CtrA-dependent promoters. However, none of the binding sites match the CtrA consensus binding sequence. The canonical …
Investigating Veterinary Management Choices For Canine Heartworm Disease (Dirofilaria Immitis) In Northern Mississippi, Tobi Ku
Honors Theses
Canine heartworm disease affects nearly 45% of dogs in endemic regions of the United States (Atkins, 2005). There are concerns that the chronic use of macrocyclic lactone (ML) preventives to kill adult heartworms (soft- or slow-kill) may have contributed to the development of ML resistance. My study of this problem had three objectives: (a) to determine the frequency of slow-kill treatment in heartworm-positive patients and compare them to practitioner estimates; (b) to survey practitioner opinions on the factors influencing heartworm disease management; and (c) to analyze the heartworm prevention history of heartworm-positive patients in order to understand the causes of …
The Effects Of Microstegium Vimineum On The Soil Microbial Community, Holly Kate Raymond
The Effects Of Microstegium Vimineum On The Soil Microbial Community, Holly Kate Raymond
Honors Theses
Invasive species can spread into native ecosystems and become dominant species. The spread of invasive species is one of the largest threats to biodiversity. Microstegium vimineum is an annual C4 grass that is native to various parts of Asia. M. vimineum was introduced to the United States in the early twentieth century and has rapidly spread due to its high seed production. This study examined the effects of M. vimineum invasion on the composition of the soil bacterial community. Soil samples were collected from two woodland sites in northern Mississippi in November 2014 and 2015. The presence of M. vimineum …
A 2-Part Study Examining; Hepatitis B Vaccination Rates Among High-Risk Adults And The Influence Of Education On Knowledge And Awareness Of Hepatitis B And The Use Of Vaccines As A Safe, Preventative Measure Among University Of Ms Students, Ariel Wilson
Honors Theses
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be prevented and controlled through vaccination. However, vaccination among high-risks adults in the U.S. is still low (50%). This poses serious threats for HBV transmission between infected individuals and high-risk individuals. Objective: The specific aims of this research were to (a) explore the prevalence of hepatitis B vaccination uptake from 2011-2014 (b) to examine intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational level factors associated with receiving hepatitis B vaccination among high-risk adults. Methods: Data were analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011-2014 to (1) assess the prevalence of hepatitis B vaccination and …
Spatial Variation Of Bacterial Communities On The Leaves Of A Southern Magnolia Tree, Emily Q. Nguyen
Spatial Variation Of Bacterial Communities On The Leaves Of A Southern Magnolia Tree, Emily Q. Nguyen
Honors Theses
The leaf surface, or phylloplane, is a dynamic environment for its microbial inhabitants, which can be subjected to many environmental factors. Existing phylloplane studies have focused on differences in bacterial community structure between trees of the same species, in different geographical locations, or between trees of different species. Few studies have examined the spatial distribution of bacterial communities on the leaves of a single tree. In this study, leaf samples from different areas of the canopy were obtained from a single Magnolia grandiflora tree. Samples were taken from the high (3.5-4.0 m above the ground), middle (1.5 m), inner middle …
The Progression Of Lyme Disease In The State Of Virginia, Margaret Michel
The Progression Of Lyme Disease In The State Of Virginia, Margaret Michel
Honors Theses
Lyme disease has spread in the United States from the northeast to more southern and western parts of the country. It has been shown that the tick which most often carries the Lyme disease pathogen (Borrelia burgdorferi) in North America, Ixodes scapularis, has also spread to these new areas of concern. In Virginia, the disease has progressed from the eastern shore to the western, more mountainous regions. Through obtaining historical museum specimens of mice from 11 locations in Virginia, we seek to determine whether the Lyme disease causing pathogen, B. burgdorferi, has always been present in …
The Effect Of Wee1 On Mitosis In The Spb Mutant, David Leroy
The Effect Of Wee1 On Mitosis In The Spb Mutant, David Leroy
Honors Theses
The speedbump mutant has been identified as an early arrest mutant, becoming apparent as soon as 80% epiboly (8.5 hours of development). This mutant has a mutation in wee1, which is a protein regulating entry into mitosis ensuring the completion of DNA replication before mitosis. The lack of this protein in speedbump allows for early entry into mitosis resulting in damage to the chromosome. Here, we investigate two questions: if mitosis in the speedbump mutant phenotype is more frequent than wild-type phenotype, and, if so, is there a phase in which the mutant phenotype favors. We used phosphorylated histone H3 …
Expression Of Glycine-Rich Proteins Found In Salivary Glands Of The Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma Americanum) Using A Mammalian Cell Line, Annabelle Clark
Expression Of Glycine-Rich Proteins Found In Salivary Glands Of The Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma Americanum) Using A Mammalian Cell Line, Annabelle Clark
Honors Theses
Ticks play an important ecological role as well as a growing role in human health and veterinary care. Ticks are hosts to a plethora of microbial pathogens that can be transferred during feeding to cause tick-borne diseases in humans and many animals. Ticks may in large part owe the success of the transfer of these pathogens between hosts to their complex saliva. The saliva secreted upon a tick’s attachment to a host serves the following, among other, functions: anti-hemostasis of the blood pool, preventing an inflammatory response at the bite site, and serving as a natural anti-microbial substance. An important …
The Phenology And Compatibility Of Hazelnut (Corylus Avellana) Cultivars In Tennessee, Ben Nigel Heard
The Phenology And Compatibility Of Hazelnut (Corylus Avellana) Cultivars In Tennessee, Ben Nigel Heard
Honors Theses
The European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), is an important temperate zone nut tree species for which there is an expanding demand worldwide. Historically, the Eastern filbert blight disease (EFB), caused by the ascomycete fungus Anisogramma anomala, has prevented commercial hazelnut growing in Tennessee. As part of a UTC hazelnut cultivar trial, EFB resistant hazelnut cultivars and numbered selections from Oregon State University and Burnt Ridge Nursery were planted in 2003 at Smith Farm in Ooltewah, TN. Hazelnut trees are wind-pollinated, dichogamous, and self-incompatible, which means they are not self-fertile, their male and female blossoms may open at different times, and …
Learning And Memory In A Drosophila Melanogaster Model Of Alzheimer's Disease, Eric Robles
Learning And Memory In A Drosophila Melanogaster Model Of Alzheimer's Disease, Eric Robles
Honors Theses
Human Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent and lethal neurodegenerative disease; it involves the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, loss of synapses and neurons in specific areas of the brain, and the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques, particularly Amyloid beta-42 (AP-42). In this study, two Drosophila transgenic fly lines carrying either elav-GAL4 driver or UAS-AP-42 transgene, were crossed to generate AD flies that expressed low levels of human Ap-42. Male AD flies (experimental) and elav-GAL4 flies (as parental control without AP-42) were tested for learning and short-term memory using the courtship suppression assay (Siegal and Hall, 1979). The courtship suppression …
Using Intrinsic Properties Of Polyaniline To Sense Expression Of The Microrna Let-7, Jared N. Gloria
Using Intrinsic Properties Of Polyaniline To Sense Expression Of The Microrna Let-7, Jared N. Gloria
Honors Theses
MicroRNAs are approximately 22-nucleotide long RNA molecules that function through decay and translational repression of messenger RNA. The microRNA let-7 is found to play a role in maintaining the fate of differentiated cells in humans. Thus, expression level of this microRNA is a reliable biomarker of tumor cell phenotype. However, there are significant limitations in the current profiling techniques of microRNA. The current methods like northern blotting, microarrays, RT-PCR, or using locked nucleic acid (LNA) for in-situ hybridization are either laborious, semi-quantitative, or expensive. In this research we try to address this issue by developing a fast, specific, and inexpensive …
The Transfer Of Commensal And Transient Bacteria Into Deep Tissue Using Dry Needling Needles Through Agar Media Designed To Mimic The Elasticity Of Human Skin, Denisse N. Breton Guerrero
The Transfer Of Commensal And Transient Bacteria Into Deep Tissue Using Dry Needling Needles Through Agar Media Designed To Mimic The Elasticity Of Human Skin, Denisse N. Breton Guerrero
Honors Theses
Needle insertion into skin for the purpose of alleviating muscle pain began with the emergence of traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) acupuncture. “Dry needling”, a recent alternative to acupuncture, involves inserting a monofilament needle down into the deep tissue of a patient’s skin in order to reach the affected muscle. Despite its effectiveness and low risk of infection, dry needling remains questionable with respect to its safety and the lack of research to confirm the low risk of bacterial transmission via the dry needling needles. In this microbiological study, highly concentrated Tryptic Soy Agar was utilized to simulate the elasticity of …
Bacteriophages That Can Lyse Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, Michael Monaco
Bacteriophages That Can Lyse Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, Michael Monaco
Honors Theses
A Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage was isolated from waste water and purified over multiple rounds of plaque removals and serial titrations. This bacteriophage was imaged in a transmission electron microscope and then tested with selected antibiotics for effectiveness in reducing optical density of K. pneumoniae colonies. The phage was shown to have an increased effectiveness in reducing the optical density when used together with an antibiotic that the bacteria was susceptible to.
Discriminative Stimulus Properties Of 3.0 Mg/Kg Mephedrone In Rats, Nathyn Thompson
Discriminative Stimulus Properties Of 3.0 Mg/Kg Mephedrone In Rats, Nathyn Thompson
Honors Theses
Consumption of a prominent synthetic cathinone known as mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) has become a popular alternative to club drugs such as ecstasy, cocaine, and methamphetamine within the past decade. The pharmacological mechanisms that contribute to its subjective effects have yet to be fully characterized and are thus warranted for investigation. The present study employed drug discrimination methods to train eight male Sprague-Dawley rats to discriminate injections of 3.0 mg/kg mephedrone from saline. Various doses of mephedrone, 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), d-amphetamine (AMPH), cocaine, (+)-methamphetamine (METH), and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) were investigated for their ability to substitute for the stimulus cues of the training …
One Signal, Two Behaviors: Odor Discrimination In Unmated Versus Mated Female Green Bottle Flies, Lucilia Sericata, George Iannantuono
One Signal, Two Behaviors: Odor Discrimination In Unmated Versus Mated Female Green Bottle Flies, Lucilia Sericata, George Iannantuono
Honors Theses
The green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata, is of critical importance in the field of forensic entomology since it is one of the first insects to arrive at a freshly deceased carcass. These flies use a highly tuned and selective olfactory system to identify and locate the carcass; response to the decomposition odor usually occurs within minutes. Male flies use the carcass for a small protein meal and for locating females while females use the carcass for feeding (unmated) and egg-laying (mated). This divergence in behavior to a common odor cue is the subject of this thesis proposal: do unmated …
Finding A Correlation Between Zooplankton Abundance And The Aggregation Of Abudefduf Saxatilis (Sergeant Major Damselfish) Beneath Boats, William Duritsch
Finding A Correlation Between Zooplankton Abundance And The Aggregation Of Abudefduf Saxatilis (Sergeant Major Damselfish) Beneath Boats, William Duritsch
Honors Theses
Abudefduf saxatilis, or sergeant major damselfish, are a common reef fish in the Caribbean and western Atlantic that form large feeding aggregations. Abudefduf saxatilis are primarily planktivorous, with zooplankton making up over 50% of their diet. Zooplankton are known to have diel movements to avoid predation, which have been shown to be triggered by the presence of ultra violet radiation. Beneath boats along the coast of Bonaire, aggregations of A. saxatilis have been observed, but why they prefer these areas over the open water column had not previously been examined. The abundance of zooplankton was estimated beneath boats as …
The Effects Of Low Dam Removal And Kayak Run Installation On The Biodiversity Of Fish And Macroinvertebrates In The Great Miami River In Downtown Dayton, Ohio, Sarah Anne Stalder
The Effects Of Low Dam Removal And Kayak Run Installation On The Biodiversity Of Fish And Macroinvertebrates In The Great Miami River In Downtown Dayton, Ohio, Sarah Anne Stalder
Honors Theses
Five Rivers Metroparks and the Miami Conservancy District have made plans to remove the upper portion of the Monument Avenue low-head dam in downtown Dayton due to the hazard it poses for recreation on the river and its negative impact on water quality and biodiversity. The plans also include modifying the dam with “kayak drops” and the construction of a second kayak drop slightly upstream of the location of the current low dam to enhance recreational opportunities on the river. Typically, low dam removal alter the flow and depth of a river, especially above the dam in the impounded area …
Distribution Of Shell Formation Proteins In Oyster Hemolymph, Hemocytes, And Mantle Tissue, Donald Joseph Kleppel
Distribution Of Shell Formation Proteins In Oyster Hemolymph, Hemocytes, And Mantle Tissue, Donald Joseph Kleppel
Honors Theses
The occurrence and composition of L,3-4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-containing proteins (L-DOPA proteins) that participate in oyster shell formation has not been fully determined. It is known that the oyster mantle tissue is primarily responsible for shell formation and recent research has demonstrated the involvement of the hemolymph (blood) and hemocytes (blood cells). L-DOPA proteins are known to aid in the cross linking of shell formation proteins, in turn creating the insoluble organic matrix formed to produce the organic component of the shell. Using the biomarker amino acid L-DOPA, this research focuses on determining the localization of these shell formation proteins in hemocytes, hemolymph, …
The Effect Of Degrading The Transcription Factor Nf-Kb Subunit Proteins On Nf-Kb' S Oncological Activity, Seongmin Lee
The Effect Of Degrading The Transcription Factor Nf-Kb Subunit Proteins On Nf-Kb' S Oncological Activity, Seongmin Lee
Honors Theses
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that becomes functional when any two of its five component proteins (p50, p52, p65, c-Rel, and RelB) join together. NF-κB plays an important role in bringing out cell proliferation, or cell growth. When NF-κB malfunctions and becomes hyperactive, excessive NF-κB activity promotes abnormally high cell growth, which is a symptom of cancer. Because of its tie to cancer, NF-κB is commonly subjected to modification to curb cancer growth. In this project, each component protein of NF- κB was degraded via a method called RNAi to see if it would have any negative …
Determining The Concentration Of Nitric Oxide In Solvent, Emily-Jean E. Bankes
Determining The Concentration Of Nitric Oxide In Solvent, Emily-Jean E. Bankes
Honors Theses
The body creates nitric oxide (NO) for signaling. One way that researchers study NO signaling is through the use of model complexes, or molecules that have the same metal ion and a similar molecular shape as biological molecules and are easy to synthesize. Currently researchers have limited ways to deliver precisely-known small quantities of NO to an experiment where they are trying to investigate NO-binding to a transition metal complex. A peak shift in the absorption spectrum at ~530 nm makes it possible for UV-Vis spectroscopy to observe NO binding to cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP). This makes it possible to measure …
A Compartmental Model Of Animal Behavior, Saharsh Dass
A Compartmental Model Of Animal Behavior, Saharsh Dass
Honors Theses
Animal behavior is integral to fitness and arises from complex interactions between internal and external factors. An understanding of how external environmental factors drive animal behavior is important for understanding the way organisms adapt to environmental perturbations such as climate change. Glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens) at Protection Island, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington display a variety of behaviors on the colony during the breeding season. The most common gull behaviors are sleeping, preening, and resting. I used a system of four differential equations to predict numbers of sleeping, preening, and resting gulls on the colony as a function of …
The Effects Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids On Intracellular Inositol Levels In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Jee Yeon (Joanne) Lee
The Effects Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids On Intracellular Inositol Levels In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Jee Yeon (Joanne) Lee
Honors Theses
Bipolar disorder is a severe and chronic debilitating mental disorder characterized by extreme mood swings between mania and depression. The current medications for bipolar disorder, lithium and valproate, have been associated with numerous negative side effects. Although the therapeutic mechanism by which lithium and valproate (VPA) exert their effect is unknown, a leading hypothesis implicates inositol depletion as a mechanism of action. On the other hand, omega-3-fatty acids have been shown to relieve symptoms of bipolar disorder. In this study, we compare the effects of VPA to the effects of decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth and intracellular inositol …
Injury-Induced Neuronal Turnover With Zinc Sulfate Affects Cilitated Olfactory Sensory Neurons More Than Microvillous Olfactory Sensory Neurons In The Adult Zebrafish, James Hentig
Honors Theses
Zinc sulfate is a known olfactory toxicant, although its effects on the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish have not been examined. Previous observations utilizing Triton X-100 found selective retention of some olfactory sensory neurons and loss of others. Based on those findings, we hypothesized that the retention of the ability to sense amino acids, detected by microvillous olfactory sensory neurons, and loss of the ability to perceive bile salts, detected by ciliated olfactory sensory neurons, is a universal response to chemical ablation. Fish were treated with zinc sulfate and survived for 2, 5, 10 and 14 days post treatment and processed …
The Effects Of Oral Probiotic Supplements On The Human Gut Microbiome, Erin Hudnall
The Effects Of Oral Probiotic Supplements On The Human Gut Microbiome, Erin Hudnall
Honors Theses
A diverse bacterial community makes up the human gut microbiome and is essential not only to digestion, but also to other physiological processes. This bacterial community is subject to change due to external factors including, but not limited to, age, diet, and lifestyle. This study observed the effects of oral probiotic supplements on this bacterial community. Fecal samples were collected from a single subject once each week during alternating two- to six-week cycles of taking and abstaining from the probiotic supplement. The samples were purified, the bacterial cells within lysed, and the enclosed DNA was collected. A portion of the …
The Effects Of Red Light On Blue-Light Phototropism In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Alison Michelle Neel
The Effects Of Red Light On Blue-Light Phototropism In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Alison Michelle Neel
Honors Theses
Red and blue light pathways interact with one another to guide the phototropic growth and development of seedlings. Both roots and hypocotyls experience phototropism. This study aims to describe the effects of red light on blue-light phototropism and to examine the relationship between red and blue light pathways. Two wild-type ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana, germinated either under white light or in darkness, were exposed to different red and blue light conditions and used to examine these relationships. Red light exposure preceding growth under solely blue light was shown to have an inhibitory effect on root lengths, regardless of ecotype or …
The Application Of Rna Interference To Knock Out Groucho Expression In Drosophila S2 Cells, Savannah Mitchell
The Application Of Rna Interference To Knock Out Groucho Expression In Drosophila S2 Cells, Savannah Mitchell
Honors Theses
The development of a complex nervous system requires the actions of intricate genetic mechanisms that influence and maintain the differentiation of common nervous system progenitor cells into neurons and glial cells. In Drosophila melanogaster, the gene glial cells missing (gcm) encodes the transcription factor Gcm that, when active, causes early nervous system cells to preferentially differentiate into glial cells by activating the reversed polarity (repo) gene, as well as others. However, the Gcm protein also plays a role in the differentiation of both macrophages and tendon cells. This suggests that there are other transcription factors or cofactors that interact with …