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Articles 331 - 360 of 377
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Rubisco Deactivation: The Effects Of Growth-Light Conditions And Effects Of Co2 During Shade Events, Jerriann Ernstsen
Rubisco Deactivation: The Effects Of Growth-Light Conditions And Effects Of Co2 During Shade Events, Jerriann Ernstsen
Biology
Rubisco's (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) catalytic activity changes as light intensity changes. This study addresses factors that were expected to affect Rubisco deactivation during low light. First, effects of fluctuating light and constant sun or shade during plant growth on Rubisco deactivation and activation were evaluated for basil (Ocimum basilicum and impatiens (Impatiens wallerana). Rubisco activation rate and the degree of Rubisco deactivation were determined from gas-exchange measurements of photosynthesis following a step increase in light intensity. Rubisco activation state during low light was also determined from biochemical analyses of leaf extracts. There were no significant differences in …
Implications Of Stomatal Interactions, Thomas Norman Buckley
Implications Of Stomatal Interactions, Thomas Norman Buckley
Biology
Though stomatal apertures often vary randomly within a leaf, suggesting somata behave independently, recent evidence suggests stomata may interact. In the phenomenon of patchy stomatal conductance, stomatal behavior becomes coordinated at the intermediate scale of one or more areoles but discoordinated at larger scales. This has two general implications. First, it makes relationships between certain gas exchange properties highly scale dependent, affecting the interpretation of large-scale measurements in terms of small-scale properties and the upscaling of models based on small-scale mechanisms. Second, it indicates some yet-unidentified mechanism for stomatal interactions. A model of gas exchange in a leaf with heterogeneous …
The Roles Of Superoxide Dismutases Of A Plant-Beneficial Bacterium, Pseudomonas Putida, And A Phytopathogenic Bacterium, Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Syringae B728a, During Plant Colonization, Young Cheol Kim
Biology
Both Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas syringae produced manganese-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and iron-superoxide dismutase (FeSOD). Genes sodB, encoding FeSOD, and sodA, encoding MnSOD, were cloned. The sodB genes were transcribed as monocistronic transcripts, expressed throughout growth phases when iron was available. The sodA genes were part of polycistronic operons, and transcripts of the operons were induced only in iron-deficient conditions. The effect of mutations in the SOD genes was observed during root colonization by Pseudomonas putida. The sodB and sodAsodB mutants were impaired in root colonization in mixed inoculations with wild-type. Growth of the sodB and sodAsodB mutants …
Roles Of Plasma Membrane Lipids In Syringomycin E Action In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Rungrach Wangspa
Roles Of Plasma Membrane Lipids In Syringomycin E Action In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Rungrach Wangspa
Biology
The bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae produces an antifungal secondary metabolite, syringomycin E. Yeast growth inhibition by this lipodepsipeptide involves sterol and sphingolipids of the plasma membrane. Using a sterol auxotroph of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain FY-14, it was shown that the predominant sterol in yeast, ergosterol, is not required for the mechanism of action of this metabolite. With ergosterol, cholesterol, β-sitosterol or stigmasterol as the bulk sterol, strain FY-14 was sensitive to syringomycin E with the last two conferring the highest degree of sensitivity. The type of growth-promoting sterol influenced cellular sensitivity to syringomycin E. Growth-promoting ergosterol afforded the …
Phytotoxicity Of Pseudomonas Chlororaphis Strain O6: Role Of Phenazines And Implications For Biocontrol, Elizabeth Thomas
Phytotoxicity Of Pseudomonas Chlororaphis Strain O6: Role Of Phenazines And Implications For Biocontrol, Elizabeth Thomas
Biology
Phenazines, the water-soluble pigments produced naturally by bacteria with distinct antimicrobial properties, have been implicated in the biological control of several plant diseases. Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain O6, obtained from the rhizosphere of wheat, is known to produce at least three different phenazines, which include phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, 2-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid, and 2-hydroxyphenazine. A field trial conducted in the fall of 1994 to test the biocontrol properties of O6 indicated that this strain inhibited wheat seed germination, which led me to hypothesize that phenazines cause phytotoxicity. Mutants of O6 created by Tn5 lux insertion (Phz- mutants) that did not produce the pigments …
Improved Culture Of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, Roger A. Burger
Improved Culture Of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, Roger A. Burger
Biology
Adoptive immunotherapy using in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) continues to be the subject of research and clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. However, the culture methods used to expand large numbers of TIL are limited and often ineffective. In this study using murine TIL, the level of in vitro expansion, expression of adhesion molecules and infiltration into tumors after infusion was evaluated. A comparison was made between lymphocyte culture fluid (LCF), a bovine plasma-based medium, and a bovine serum-based medium (SCM) as the culture media. Because plasma-based media lack the lymphocyte inhibitory factors associated with serum-based media, it …
The Reproductive Biology And Ecology Of Penstemon Harringtonii (Scrophulariacea): Implications For Conservation, Romaine L. Nielson
The Reproductive Biology And Ecology Of Penstemon Harringtonii (Scrophulariacea): Implications For Conservation, Romaine L. Nielson
Biology
I examined the reproductive biology of Harrington's Penstemon, a rare endemic of the Colorado Plateau, to obtain information important to conservation efforts for this species. I applied four different hand-pollination treatments to P. harringtonii's flowers and found that it is partially self-compatible but sets more fruits when cross-pollinated by insects. Plant placement in new populations may be important because pollinators are more attracted to dense floral resources. Thus, the fruit set of plants within a 450 cm2 area was compared with those at least 3 m apart. Unexpectedly, aggregated plants produced 16.1 fruits per plant compared to 21.0 …
Identification And Characterization Of Chromosome-Specific Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna (Rapd) Markers In Triticum Aestivum-Aegilops Caudata Addition Lines, Lihua Sun
Biology
DNA markers for Aegilops caudata C-genome chromosomes will be useful in linkage studies of disease resistance and alien gene introgression, e.g., these markers can be tools in gene mapping and plant breeding. However, the individual chromosomes have not been characterized at the molecular level in Ae. Caudata. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize DNA markers for Ae. caudata chromosomes using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. DNA samples from Ae. caudata, Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), amphiploid of T. aestivum X Ae. caudata, and six disomic addition lines of T. aestivum carrying …
Phylogenetic Characterization Of Endosymbionts In Psyllids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha), Allen W. Spaulding
Phylogenetic Characterization Of Endosymbionts In Psyllids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha), Allen W. Spaulding
Biology
Most sternorrhynchan insects harbor endosymbiotic bacteria in specialized cells (bacteriocytes) near the gut, which provide essential nutrients for hosts. In lineages investigated so far with molecular methods (aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies), endosymbionts apparently have arisen from independent infections of common host ancestors and cospeciated with their hosts. Some endosymbionts also exhibit putatively negative genetic effects from their symbiotic association. In this study, the identity of endosymbionts in one major sternorrhynchan lineage, psyllids (Psylloidea), was investigated to determine their position in eubacterial phylogeny and relationship to other sternorrhynchan endosymbionts. Small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes (16S rDNA) from bacteria in three psyllid species (families …
The Reproductive Ecology, Demography, And Population Genetic Structure Of Arctomecon Californica Torrey & Fremont (Papaveraceae) In Fragmented And Unfragmented Habitat, Laura L. Hickerson
The Reproductive Ecology, Demography, And Population Genetic Structure Of Arctomecon Californica Torrey & Fremont (Papaveraceae) In Fragmented And Unfragmented Habitat, Laura L. Hickerson
Biology
Arctomecon californica (the Las Vegas bearpoppy) is endemic to gypsum outcrops of the northern Mojave Desert. Native habitat of this plant in the Las Vegas Valley has been severely fragmented, while relatively undisturbed, unfragmented habitat still exists in the Lake Mead National Recreation Area. I studied the reproductive ecology and population genetic structure of this rare plant. Comparisons were then drawn between fragmented and unfragmented habitat. Arctomecon californica flowers are mostly self-incompatible, and require a pollen vector for successful seed production. Evidence of pollinator limitation was found in both habitat types, but plants in fragmented habitat were much less successful …
The Development Of A Bluetongue Virus Diagnostic Assay Using Heterologously Expressed Structural Protein Vp7 And Nonstructural Protein Ns2, Mary Anne Wise
The Development Of A Bluetongue Virus Diagnostic Assay Using Heterologously Expressed Structural Protein Vp7 And Nonstructural Protein Ns2, Mary Anne Wise
Biology
The S1 gene of bluetongue virus that encodes major inner core protein, VP7, was cloned and expressed in the Thiofusion Expression Vector System. The VP7-thioredoxin protein was then partially purified. The nonstructural protein NS2 having previously been cloned into the GST Gene Fusion Vector System was also expressed and purified as NS2-GST fusion protein. These two viral proteins were used together in an immunologic detection assay. This assay was able to distinguish between bluetongue virus infected, vaccinated and noninfected sheep. Assayed serum samples of infected sheep, cattle, bison, and goats showed detectable antibodies to both VP7 and NS2, whereas vaccinated …
The Ccrm Dna Methyltransferase Is Widespread In The Alpha Subdivision Of Proteobacteria, And Its Essential Functions Are Conserved In Rhizobium Meliloti And Caulobacter Crescentus, Craig Stephens, Rachel Wright, Lucy Shapiro
The Ccrm Dna Methyltransferase Is Widespread In The Alpha Subdivision Of Proteobacteria, And Its Essential Functions Are Conserved In Rhizobium Meliloti And Caulobacter Crescentus, Craig Stephens, Rachel Wright, Lucy Shapiro
Biology
The Caulobacter crescentus DNA methyltransferase CcrM (M.CcrMI) methylates the adenine residue in the sequence GANTC. The CcrM DNA methyltransferase is essential for viability, but it does not appear to be part of a DNA restriction-modification system. CcrM homologs are widespread in the alpha subdivision of gram-negative bacteria. We have amplified and sequenced a 258-bp region of the cerM gene from several of these bacteria, including Rhizobium meliloti, Brucella abortus, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Rhodobacter capsulatus. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that these proteins constitute a highly conserved DNA methyltransferase family. Isolation of the full-length ccrM genes from the …
Concentration-Dependent Patterning Of The Xenopus Ectoderm By Bmp4 And Its Signal Transducer Smad1, Paul A. Wilson, Giorgio Lagna, Atsushi Suzuki, Ali Hemmati-Brivanlou
Concentration-Dependent Patterning Of The Xenopus Ectoderm By Bmp4 And Its Signal Transducer Smad1, Paul A. Wilson, Giorgio Lagna, Atsushi Suzuki, Ali Hemmati-Brivanlou
Biology
Morphogens are thought to establish pattern in early embryos by specifying several cell fates along a gradient of concentration; a well-studied example is the Drosophila protein decapentaplegic (DPP) acting in the wing disc. Recent work has established that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), the vertebrate homologue of DPP, controls the fundamental choice between neural and epidermal fates in the vertebrate ectoderm, under the control of antagonists secreted by the organizer region of the mesoderm. We now show that BMP4 can act as a morphogen, evoking distinct responses in Xenopus ecto-dermal cells at high and low concentrations, in a pattern consistent …
The Role Of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae As Prey In Adult Maintenance And Reproduction By Two Ladybird Beetle Species, Douglas R. Richards
The Role Of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae As Prey In Adult Maintenance And Reproduction By Two Ladybird Beetle Species, Douglas R. Richards
Biology
Ladybird beetles (Coccinella spp.) are important predators of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) in alfalfa. Adult ladybird beetles also consume alternative foods such as alfalfa weevil larvae (Hypera postica) and nectar. I compared egg production and ovariole condition of Coccinella septempunctata (an Old World species introduced to North America) and Coccinella transversoguttata (an indigenous North American species) that were maintained on diets of pea aphids, alfalfa weevil larvae, sugar water ("artificial nectar"), or various combinations of these foods. In the first experiment, gravid females of both species continued to lay many eggs and had large ovarioles …
Results And Analyses Of A Landscape Scale Random Point Avian Census, Eric R. Cannon
Results And Analyses Of A Landscape Scale Random Point Avian Census, Eric R. Cannon
Biology
We conducted an avian census at 897 random points documenting the presence and relative abundance of breeding bird species across 11 cover types in the Manti-La Sal National Forest. We detected 85 bird species varying in abundance from Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) encountered at 33% of the points to 11 species that were detected only once. Relative abundances of all species by cover type were reported. We found a significant linear relationship between MacArthur's alpha diversity (species number) and the structural complexity of the cover types. However, we failed to find a relationship between sampling effort and the …
Discovery, Identification, And Evaluation Of Antifungal Compounds Produced By Pseudomonas Syringae, Kevin N. Sorensen
Discovery, Identification, And Evaluation Of Antifungal Compounds Produced By Pseudomonas Syringae, Kevin N. Sorensen
Biology
New antifungal agents are needed to combat the increasing incidence of fungal diseases. Strains of Pseudomonas syringae produce cyclic lipodepsinonapeptides (CLPs) such as syringomycin, syringostatin, and syringotoxin, which could be developed as therapeutic antifungal agents. Of these CLPs, syringostatin has been difficult to produce in vitro. Syringostatin production was achieved using syringomycin minimal medium supplemented with arbutin and D-fructose, and a high cell density. Syringostatin A (SS-A) was purified in quantities sufficient to evaluate its antifungal activities. The antifungal activities and erythrocyte toxicities of syringomycin E (SR-E), SS-A, and syringotoxin B (ST-B) were evaluated. All showed fungicidal activities against most …
The Biophysics Of Voltage-Gated Skeletal Muscle Sodium Channels And Muscle Excitability, David E. Featherstone
The Biophysics Of Voltage-Gated Skeletal Muscle Sodium Channels And Muscle Excitability, David E. Featherstone
Biology
Voltage-gated skeletal muscle sodium channels are large transmembrane proteins that are responsible for the initiation and propagation of skeletal muscle action potentials. Sodium channels undergo three kinetically and pharmacologically distinct processes: activation/deactivation, fast inactivation, and slow inactivation. The work in this dissertation characterized each of these processes in heterologously expressed voltage-gated skeletal muscle sodium channels, then examined biophysical changes in mutant sodium channels responsible for paramyotonia congenita, an inherited human disease of muscle hyperexcitability. All sodium channel kinetic processes were studied, with particular emphasis on slow inactivation, which had not previously been well characterized. Paramyotonia congenita appears to result from …
Patterns Of Root Colonization By The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus Intraradices And Host Plant Responses, Kristopher A. Blee
Patterns Of Root Colonization By The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus Intraradices And Host Plant Responses, Kristopher A. Blee
Biology
Mycorrhizal hyphae were directed in their growth pattern in roots. Arbuscules produced by a single isolate of Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith in roots of corn, wheat, carrot, clover, mung bean, and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were consistently limited to cortical cells immediately adjacent to the endodermis. Two hypotheses for controlled growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plants were examined: (1) activation of plant defenses by the fungus, and (2) availability of host-derived carbon to the fungus. Accumulations of mRNAs for the defense-related genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase, chitinase (CHT), glucanese, and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein were examined in the …
Polar Distribution Of Neurofilaments In A Nonspiking Central Nervous System Neuron, David Dale Cole
Polar Distribution Of Neurofilaments In A Nonspiking Central Nervous System Neuron, David Dale Cole
Biology
Immunolabelling of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated neurofilaments in teleost retinal horizontal cells, which are nonspiking neurons, is described. Light microscopy (postembedding immunolabelling) of retinal tissue sections revealed nonphosphorylated neurofilaments localized to regions where horizontal cell axon terminals, dendrites, and somata are located. In contrast, phosphoneurofilaments were localized to regions where axons and axon terminals of various retinal neurons, including horizontal cells, are found, as in typical spiking central nervous system neurons. Electron microscopy (preembedding immunolabelling) demonstrated that phosphoneurofilaments were localized to cone horizontal cell axons and axon terminals. Immunolabelling of primary cell cultures, however, revealed that axon-specific distribution of phosphoneurofilaments in …
Foraging Strategies Of Migrant Bald Eagles Exploiting A Seasonally Concentrated Food Source, Marco Restani
Foraging Strategies Of Migrant Bald Eagles Exploiting A Seasonally Concentrated Food Source, Marco Restani
Biology
Generalizations regarding the relationship between age and foraging proficiency in birds may be incomplete and potentially misleading because most were formulated from studies of seabirds and shorebirds. Therefore, I examined three aspects of Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) foraging behavior: numerical and functional responses, patch residence time, and producing-scrounging behavior. The study was conducted during autumn migration when hundreds of eagles congregate at Hauser Reservoir, Montana, to feed on spawning kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). I determined eagle numerical and functional responses from 1991-1995. Eagles tracked the number of salmon during four of five autumns, and immigration and …
Effects Of Plant Architecture On The Foraging Behavior And Prey Capture Success Of Two Generalist Predators Attacking The Russian Wheat Aphid, Teresa L. Clark
Effects Of Plant Architecture On The Foraging Behavior And Prey Capture Success Of Two Generalist Predators Attacking The Russian Wheat Aphid, Teresa L. Clark
Biology
This research investigated the effects of plant architecture on the foraging behavior and prey capture success of two generalist predators of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). One study examined plant architectural effects on the behavior of a native predator, the common green lacewing, Chrysoperla plorabunda Fitch; a second study examined host plant effects on larvae and adults of the fourteen-spotted ladybird beetle, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.), which is native to Eurasia and has been released in the United States for potential control of D. noxia. Behavioral observations of each of these predators were conducted on two architecturally diverse …
Hnk-1 Immunoreactivity In In Situ Adult Teleost Retina, Kie Hoon Jung
Hnk-1 Immunoreactivity In In Situ Adult Teleost Retina, Kie Hoon Jung
Biology
To identify HNK-1 bearing molecules, anti-HNK-1 was used to probe adult hybrid bass retina, including mature, central retina and the circumferential germinal margin (CGM), where new cells are constantly added to the neural circuitry. The HNK-1 antigen was heavily distributed in both of the plexiform (synaptic) layers, in tufts of Müller cell microvilli at the outer limiting membrane, throughout the optic fiber layer, and in tubular processes surrounding cone horizontal cells in the inner nuclear layer. A differential fixation scheme suggested that the Müller cell microvillar and tubular process HNK-1 immunoreactivity was due primarily to glycoproteins, with the remainder possibly …
Hybrid Bass Retinal Cells In Situ And In Vitro: Structure And Immunocytochemistry, Kyeongsuk Ki
Hybrid Bass Retinal Cells In Situ And In Vitro: Structure And Immunocytochemistry, Kyeongsuk Ki
Biology
The morphologies of intact retina and acutely isolated retinal neurons are described for a relatively newcomer model for studies of visual physiology, the hybrid bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilus). These features are indistinguishable from the white bass (M. chrysops) at the light microscopic level. In situ immunolocalization patterns for several glial and neuronal markers also match previous work in the white bass. Carbonic anhydrase is found in retinal layers corresponding to Müller (glial) cells and horizontal cells; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase are found in Müller cells only; and the intermediate M, …
Secondary Reproductive Strategies Of The Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus Tyrannus), Assessed By Dna Fingerprinting And Egg Physiognomy, Diane L. Rowe
Secondary Reproductive Strategies Of The Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus Tyrannus), Assessed By Dna Fingerprinting And Egg Physiognomy, Diane L. Rowe
Biology
Extra-pair fertilization, a secondary breeding strategy, was detected in the eastern kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) using multi-locus DNA fingerprinting. I assessed the genetic parentage of 20 broods in a population of kingbirds in central New York. Two DNA probes were used to test for exclusion of nestlings as true offspring of one or both social parents. Band-sharing coefficients and the number of novel bands were used to discern which parent was not a first-degree relative of the nestling in question. No cases of conspecific brood parasitism or quasi-parasitism were documented. However, extra-pair paternity was found to be very common, …
Plant- Versus Predator-Mediated Interactions Between Cereal Aphids On A Shared Host Plant, Erin Bergeson
Plant- Versus Predator-Mediated Interactions Between Cereal Aphids On A Shared Host Plant, Erin Bergeson
Biology
This research investigates plant- and predator-mediated effects of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) on the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). I combined a suite of population-level experiments with behavioral observations to determine whether the two aphids interacted principally through a common host, crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisher ex Link] Schultes), or a common predator, larvae of the green lacewing (Chrysoperla plorabunda [Fitch]). The population-level experiments revealed some evidence of host-mediated interspecific competition but only at extremely high aphid densities (>2000 individuals per greenhouse seedling). In addition, some of these experiments suggested that the bird …
The Behavior Of Dippers (Family Cinclidae) In Relation To Food Acquisition, Roarke E. Donnelly
The Behavior Of Dippers (Family Cinclidae) In Relation To Food Acquisition, Roarke E. Donnelly
Biology
Individuals and populations are likely to optimize methods of food harvest and synchronize reproduction with local peaks in food supply, because animals exhibiting greater efficiency at acquiring energy or energy intensive tasks will often achieve greater survival, growth, and reproduction. Although this statement implies that foraging efficiency is optimized by selection for better foragers and optimal foraging theory owes much of its development and refinement to studies of free-living birds, the positive association of foraging proficiency and fitness has not been documented for free-ranging birds. Furthermore, the synchrony of reproduction and the peak in food resources has been examined within …
Isolation And Characterization Of Four Linear Plasmids In Ascosphaera Aggregata, Dakun Xu
Isolation And Characterization Of Four Linear Plasmids In Ascosphaera Aggregata, Dakun Xu
Biology
Four extrachromosomal DNA plasmids were isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus Ascosphaera aggregata and named as pAaL10, pAaL8, pAaL2.8, and pAaL2.6 based on their host, morphology and size. DNA hybridization results suggested that pAaL10, pAaL8, pAaL2.8, and pAaL2.6 are not homologous with pAaL, a plasmid isolated from Ascosphaera apis. Extraction of DNA from intact mitochondria followed by gel electrophoretic analysis suggests pAaL10, pAaL8, pAaL2.8, and pAaL2.6 are located within the mitochondria. From hybridization results it was concluded that each of pAaL10, pAaL8, pAaL2.8, and pAaL2.6 is not homologous to mitochondrial DNA. This implies that these plasmids are all self-replicating. Restriction …
Evagination Of The Thyroid Primordium Involves Novel Cell Behaviors, Gwendolyn M. Kinebrew, S. R. Hilfer
Evagination Of The Thyroid Primordium Involves Novel Cell Behaviors, Gwendolyn M. Kinebrew, S. R. Hilfer
Biology
No abstract provided.
The Influence Of Bull Exposure And Bull Presence On Postpartum Reproductive Physiology And Behavior Of High-Producing Dairy Cows, Milan P. Shipka
The Influence Of Bull Exposure And Bull Presence On Postpartum Reproductive Physiology And Behavior Of High-Producing Dairy Cows, Milan P. Shipka
Biology
Bull exposure has been shown to hasten the onset of estrous cyclicity in postpartum beef cattle but has not been examined in high producing dairy cattle. This investigation was carried out to examine effects of bull presence on postpartum reproductive characteristics in dairy cattle. Forty-five multiparous dairy cattle were randomly allocated into three groups at the time of calving. Treatments consisted of no bull exposure (NBE), twice daily bull exposure (2xdBE), and continuous bull exposure (CBE). Estrus detection was carried out for all groups for one-half hour twice daily following milking. Systemic progesterone (P4) was determined from blood …
Reproductive Ecology, Population Genetics, And Clonal Distribution Of The Narrow Endemic: Mirabilis Macfarlanei (Nyctaginaceae), Jennifer L. Barnes
Reproductive Ecology, Population Genetics, And Clonal Distribution Of The Narrow Endemic: Mirabilis Macfarlanei (Nyctaginaceae), Jennifer L. Barnes
Biology
I examined the reproductive biology and population genetics of the narrow endemic, Mirabilis macfarlanei (Nyctaginaceae) Constance and Rollins, from the Snake and Salmon Rivers in Idaho and Oregon. The results of this study provide further evidence for the proposed effects of rarity on plant reproductive systems and population genetics. Breeding system results indicated that M. macfarlanei is self-compatible, but requires a pollen vector for fertilization. Seed set was not pollen limited, but may be resource limited during others. The major floral visitors were long-tongued bees such as Anthophora spp. and Bombus spp., unlike other species of Mirabilis, which are …