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Articles 31 - 60 of 323
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Salinization Impacts On Heterotrophic Respiration, Ecosystem Respiration, And Plant Productivity In Tidal Freshwater Marshes, Kelsie J. Moses
Salinization Impacts On Heterotrophic Respiration, Ecosystem Respiration, And Plant Productivity In Tidal Freshwater Marshes, Kelsie J. Moses
Theses and Dissertations
Tidal freshwater marshes have preserved substantial stocks of soil carbon, which represents carbon dioxide that is no longer in the atmosphere. There is conflicting evidence in the literature about how disturbances such as sea level rise and associated wetland salinization impact the accumulation and long-term stability of this stored carbon. The goal of this experiment was to quantify how salinization impacts total ecosystem respiration and its component parts, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration. This was a microcosm experiment using a C4 plant (Spartina cynosuroides) grown in soil derived from C3 plant matter and exposed to different salinities (0 to …
Genetically Explicit Model May Explain Multigenerational Control Of Emergent Turing Patterns In Hybrid Mimulus, Emily Simmons
Genetically Explicit Model May Explain Multigenerational Control Of Emergent Turing Patterns In Hybrid Mimulus, Emily Simmons
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Fish Sound Production: The Swim Bladder, Michael L. Fine, Eric Parmentier
Fish Sound Production: The Swim Bladder, Michael L. Fine, Eric Parmentier
Biology Publications
Analogous to the syrinx in birds and larynx in mammals, the swim bladder is a major sound-producing organ in fishes. It also functions in hearing and is responsible for most returns from sonar. Historically, the swim bladder has been modeled as an underwater resonant bubble, whereas we provide evidence for a forced-response model in which viscous damping of the bladder wall inhibits resonance of the internal bubble. Further experimental work on the shape, wall structure, and mechanical behavior of the swim bladder is required.
An Investigation Of Bubble Resonance And Its Implications For Sound Production By Deepwater Fishes, Mark W. Sprague, Michael L. Fine, Timothy M. Cameron
An Investigation Of Bubble Resonance And Its Implications For Sound Production By Deepwater Fishes, Mark W. Sprague, Michael L. Fine, Timothy M. Cameron
Biology Publications
Although the continental slope and abyss comprise the largest habitat on earth, the absence of documented fish sounds from deep waters is striking. Fishes with sexually dimorphic muscles attached to their swim bladders suggests that sounds are likely used in male courtship on the upper, mid and lower continental slope. To investigate the effects of environmental extremes on fish sound production, the acoustic behavior of a driven bubble is examined. This study is also relevant to target strength of sonar returns from fish and hearing in auditory specialist fishes. A bubble is a classic, if imperfect, model for swim bladder …
Introduction Of Plasmid Dna Into Sneathia Vaginalis; The First Step To Genetic Manipulation, Rea Mansukhani, Cathyrn O'Brien, Zion Mccoy, Kimberly K. Jefferson
Introduction Of Plasmid Dna Into Sneathia Vaginalis; The First Step To Genetic Manipulation, Rea Mansukhani, Cathyrn O'Brien, Zion Mccoy, Kimberly K. Jefferson
UROP Posters
Many bacterial pathogens are capable of secreting one or more toxins, all of which can be categorized based on their function, target, or mechanism of action. Pore-forming toxins, for instance, are characterized based on their ability to perforate the host membrane. This may result in the delivery of bacterial substances into the host cell, release of compounds from the host cell, and/or death of the host cell. Research from our lab has demonstrated that Sneathia vaginalis, a gram-negative anaerobic bacterial species that is associated with bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth, produces a pore-forming toxin referred to as cytopathogenic toxin …
Developmental Validation Of A Bacterial Signature-Based Identification Method Of Forensically Relevant Human Biological Samples, Denise M. Wohlfahrt
Developmental Validation Of A Bacterial Signature-Based Identification Method Of Forensically Relevant Human Biological Samples, Denise M. Wohlfahrt
Theses and Dissertations
The confirmatory identification of body fluids is one of the most critical steps in criminal investigations, as it provides not only information on the source of the DNA, but it can corroborate evidence, aid in the reconstruction of a crime, and associate evidence with a person of interest. Current serological methods utilize biochemistry and immunology to identify biological evidence; however, these serological tests are mostly presumptive while only testing for one fluid at a time, potentially wasting precious evidence. More recently, forensic investigators have suggested the use of molecular methods such as mRNA, miRNA, or DNA methylation. While each of …
Coupled Structure-Function Responses To Disturbance: High Structural Complexity Resistance Supports Primary Production Resistance, Kerstin M. Niedermaier
Coupled Structure-Function Responses To Disturbance: High Structural Complexity Resistance Supports Primary Production Resistance, Kerstin M. Niedermaier
Theses and Dissertations
The capacity of forests to resist structural change and retain material legacies–the biotic and abiotic resources that persist through disturbance–is crucial to sustaining ecosystem functioning after disturbance. However, the role of forest structure as both a material legacy and feature supporting carbon (C) cycling stability following disturbance has not been widely investigated. We used a large-scale disturbance manipulation to ask whether LiDAR-derived canopy structures as material legacies drive 3-year responses of NPP to a range of disturbance severity levels. As part of the Forest Resilience Threshold Experiment (FoRTE) in northern Michigan, USA we simulated phloem-disrupting disturbances at a range of …
Advancing Forest Structure-Function Relationships: Linking Above- And Belowground Structure To Soil Respiration, Laura J. Hickey
Advancing Forest Structure-Function Relationships: Linking Above- And Belowground Structure To Soil Respiration, Laura J. Hickey
Theses and Dissertations
Variation in the soil-to-atmosphere C flux, or soil respiration (Rs), is influenced by a suite of biotic and abiotic factors, including soil temperature, soil moisture, and root biomass. However, whether canopy structure is tied to soil respiration through its simultaneous influence over these drivers is not known. We assessed relationships between measures of above- and belowground vegetation density and complexity, and evaluated whether Rs is linked to remotely sensed canopy structure through pathways mediated by established biotic and abiotic mechanisms. Our results revealed that, at stand-scale, canopy rugosity–a measure of complexity–and vegetation area index were coupled to soil respiration through …
Chronic Adolescent Stress As A Predictive Factor For The Risk Of Developing Ptsd-Like Symptoms In Adulthood, Grace K. Young
Chronic Adolescent Stress As A Predictive Factor For The Risk Of Developing Ptsd-Like Symptoms In Adulthood, Grace K. Young
Theses and Dissertations
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a stress and trauma based psychological disorder that is defined by the DSM-IV as an anxiety disorder that affects approximately 7.8% of people in the United States. PTSD is when those who suffer a traumatic event have intense and distressing feelings, emotions, and memories for a prolonged period of time after the event. A prominent feature of PTSD is the impaired ability to properly extinguish a fear response after a dangerous trigger or stressor is no longer present, also known as safety learning. Stressors are threats perceived within the environment that activate a response within the …
Biotic Characteristics Of Managed And Unmanaged Coastal Dunes In The Outer Banks, North Carolina, Andrew E. White
Biotic Characteristics Of Managed And Unmanaged Coastal Dunes In The Outer Banks, North Carolina, Andrew E. White
Theses and Dissertations
Under future climate change and sea level rise scenarios, Natural and Nature-Based Features (e.g., dunes) that protect coastal habitat and infrastructure will be exposed to increased wave energy and storm surge. Understanding how these forces will impact coastal dunes is necessary for their continued use as protective features. Coastal dunes develop through feedback between vegetation and sediment deposition, a process complicated by species-specific growth rates and responses to burial. Wave flume studies have tested the effects of dune vegetation on erosion and found multiple plant organs across several functional types to be important for resisting erosion. Although dune building and …
Observing Gravitropism In Brassica Rapa Roots, Trang Ly, Maya O'Callagham, Lan Poeschl, Adil Saeed, George Zorn
Observing Gravitropism In Brassica Rapa Roots, Trang Ly, Maya O'Callagham, Lan Poeschl, Adil Saeed, George Zorn
UROP Posters
The objective of this experiment is to observe the effect of gravitropism on the orientation of Brassica rapa (B. rapa) roots. Specifically, amyloplasts that reside at the bottom of root tips act as gravity sensors. As plants are disturbed from upright orientation, roots automatically grow according to the downward pull of gravity. It is hypothesized that as the angle of rotation increases, the angle of root growth is inversely proportional. Five plants containing four seeds of B. rapa were grown over the course of 10 days. Each plates, aside from the control, were rotated once 90°, 80°, and 270° to …
Comparison Of Antibiotic Resistance In Biofilm, Sediment, And Planktonic Communities Of The James River, Mary Bernadette Coughter
Comparison Of Antibiotic Resistance In Biofilm, Sediment, And Planktonic Communities Of The James River, Mary Bernadette Coughter
Theses and Dissertations
Antibiotic resistance spread within aquatic bacterial communities, particularly ones in urban areas, is in part driven by wastewater inflows that may contain both elevated concentrations of antibiotics and increased abundance of antibiotic resistant bacteria. These can be transmitted into the environment via release of treated wastewater, since removal of these compounds by most wastewater treatment facilities is inadequate, or by release of untreated waste from leaking wastewater treatment networks and overflow of combined sewer systems. This study used the James River and the City of Richmond wastewater network as a model urban waterway to study both types of impacts. Shotgun …
Qualitative And Quantitative Characterization Of Epithelial Cell Mixtures Using Hormone Antibody Probes And Flow Cytometry, Luke Baldridge
Qualitative And Quantitative Characterization Of Epithelial Cell Mixtures Using Hormone Antibody Probes And Flow Cytometry, Luke Baldridge
Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects
“Touch” DNA is evidence that consists of epidermal cells deposited by handling objects and it is becoming more common in evidence samples processed in crime labs. Because “touch” DNA evidence samples may be low-template DNA and are often mixtures, there is a need to both nondestructively estimate the amount of DNA present prior to DNA purification and to identify and characterize mixtures prior to DNA typing. The purpose of this study was to test the use of FITC-labeled anti-testosterone antibodies as a potential tool to estimate the number of contributors in two-, three-, and four-person mixtures of epidermal skin cells, …
Searching For Gold: Using A Novel Land Cover Classification To Identify Multiscale Drivers Of Site Occupancy By A Flagship Species For Early-Successional Habitat Conservation, Baron Lin
Theses and Dissertations
Understanding habitat selection at multiple scales is an important step in guiding conservation programs and reversing species declines. This, however, is difficult for species that occupy early-successional habitats (ESH) due to a lack of accurate representation of shrub cover in publicly available land cover data. The Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera; GWWA) is a threatened species of conservation concern and a flagship for ESH conservation. We used a novel, LIDAR-derived land cover classification that accurately identifies shrubs at a fine resolution (1m) to investigate how habitat composition and configuration influence GWWA site occupancy. We aggregated this same land cover …
Modeling Vegetation Effects On Barrier Island Evolution, Eric W. Schoen
Modeling Vegetation Effects On Barrier Island Evolution, Eric W. Schoen
Theses and Dissertations
Barrier islands play a significant role in protecting coastlines and harboring coastal habitats. In an effort to study and better understand the evolution of barrier island systems, a cellular model capturing various meteorological and environmental processes is proposed. Erosion due to wind, gravity, and marine processes are coupled with plant population effects. We demonstrate the inhibition of plant cover on sediment mobility, island migration, and erosion in the presence of sea level rise.
Validating The Methods And Assays Necessary For Establishing An Effective In Vitro Lung Cancer Transformation Model, Crystal Turner
Validating The Methods And Assays Necessary For Establishing An Effective In Vitro Lung Cancer Transformation Model, Crystal Turner
Theses and Dissertations
In my research, I developed tools and performed assays to study the in vitro transformation of immortalized lung epithelial cells by oncogenic KRASG12V. I delivered the KRAS by transfection and lentiviral transduction, and after confirming the cells expressed KRAS, I evaluated transformation using several experimental approaches including monitoring of EMT markers and various types of growth assays. I also conducted preliminary experiments that quantified sphingolipid alterations in the cells that had markers indicative of having gone through EMT. The goal of these experiments was to assess whether sphingolipids are altered in cells that are transformed in vitro by …
Impact Of Targeting Glycosylated Ceramides On Tumorigenic Properties, And Characterization Of Sphingolipids In Head And Neck Tumors, Katherine E. Hylton
Impact Of Targeting Glycosylated Ceramides On Tumorigenic Properties, And Characterization Of Sphingolipids In Head And Neck Tumors, Katherine E. Hylton
Theses and Dissertations
Sphingolipids play a crucial role in signaling, membrane structure, and migration, making them important molecules in cancer development, metastasis, and drug resistance. While some sphingolipids have been associated with pro-apoptotic or pro-survival behaviors, the role of many sphingolipids in cancer remains poorly defined. Chapter 1 of this study investigated the impact of three enzymes that compose most of the ceramide to Lc3 ceramide pathway – UGCG, GBA, and B3GNT5 – and how their alteration impacts chemoresistance and basal membrane invasion in vitro. It was found that the CΒE-induced inhibition of GBA, which converts glucosylceramide to ceramide, has no effects on …
Water Clarity At The River-Estuary Transition Zone: A Comparative Study Of The James, Mattaponi, And Pamunkey Sub-Estuaries, Rachel Henderson
Water Clarity At The River-Estuary Transition Zone: A Comparative Study Of The James, Mattaponi, And Pamunkey Sub-Estuaries, Rachel Henderson
Theses and Dissertations
Water clarity is a key parameter for monitoring water quality and often used to assess habitat suitability for submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Light attenuation, a measure of water clarity, is impacted by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and by suspended particulates which include living and non-living components. We anticipated that the relative importance of these factors in regulating light attenuation would vary among the upper portions of three sub-estuaries differing in morphometry, hydrology, and degree of human influence. The James is characterized by eutrophic conditions and high algal abundance, whereas the Mattaponi and Pamunkey exhibit lower phytoplankton production. The Mattaponi …
Identification Of Compounds Causing Cellular Autofluorescence In Touch Samples, Elora C. Wall
Identification Of Compounds Causing Cellular Autofluorescence In Touch Samples, Elora C. Wall
Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects
As DNA analysis has advanced and produced tests with higher sensitivities, attention has turned toward obtaining DNA profiles from cells left with fingermarks. Recent studies have reported that cells deposited within fingermarks can exhibit differences in autofluorescence emission in the ‘red’ region of the visible spectrum (e.g., between 650-670 nm), which can be used to differentiate contributor cell population and separate them before DNA profiles. Interestingly, this emission was not consistent to the individual day-to-day and likely not a genetically-controlled attribute of the contributor. Instead, this emission signature results from extended exposure of the skin to certain materials such as …
How Does Direct Volunteering Affect The Onset Of Alzheimer’S Dementia In Elderly Patients With Preexisting Cardiac Comorbidities?, Sneha R. Gade
How Does Direct Volunteering Affect The Onset Of Alzheimer’S Dementia In Elderly Patients With Preexisting Cardiac Comorbidities?, Sneha R. Gade
UROP Posters
Alzheimer's Dementia is a disease that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. The Alzheimer's Association reported Alzheimer's as the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States, and a cure does not exist. Donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor drug, is frequently prescribed to treat Alzheimer's disease. Still, patients must continuously take the medication for years to receive any measurable improvement in quality of life after developing Alzheimer's Dementia. Further, research shows prolonged use of Donepezil can lead to other health problems, such as QTc prolongation, for cardiac disease patients. Therefore, the effectiveness of non-drug interventions, such as volunteering to prevent the disease's …
The Mechanisms And Consequences Of Shrub Encroachment On The Virginia Barrier Islands, Lauren K. Wood
The Mechanisms And Consequences Of Shrub Encroachment On The Virginia Barrier Islands, Lauren K. Wood
Theses and Dissertations
Shrub encroachment is a global phenomenon driven by direct and indirect anthropogenic influence which alters plant communities and ecosystem function. Many studies have investigated drivers and consequences of woody plant establishment, but mesic landscapes are underrepresented in the literature. My objective was to assess the mechanisms of Morella cerifera encroachment into coastal mesic grassland, the potential for self-reinforcement, and consequences on community composition, nutrients, and landscape productivity. I studied temperature and water microclimate modification by Morella cerifera presence and removal to understand ecosystem engineering and community composition changes. Additionally, I examined the influence of shrubs on surrounding grassland species traits …
Quantitative Pcr And Sanger Sequencing Of Mitochondrial Dna Recovered From Waterlogged Bone, Kailey Babcock
Quantitative Pcr And Sanger Sequencing Of Mitochondrial Dna Recovered From Waterlogged Bone, Kailey Babcock
Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects
In forensic contexts, samples containing heavily fragmented DNA are commonly encountered. Compromised biological samples are especially prevalent in instances where human remains have been submerged in an aqueous environment for extended periods of time. Nuclear DNA is particularly vulnerable to the prolonged exposure to heat, moisture, and bacterial degradation that are prevalent in aquatic settings. Paired with the difficulty of recovering DNA from skeletal remains, which are often the only remaining component after the soft tissues have been stripped away, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis serves as an invaluable alternative. In this multifaceted study, mtDNA analysis was performed on waterlogged bone …
Determining Time Since Deposition For Human Saliva Stains Using Non-Genetic Signatures, Brian M. Stephenson
Determining Time Since Deposition For Human Saliva Stains Using Non-Genetic Signatures, Brian M. Stephenson
Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects
Sexual assault cases are common within the forensic community and are constantly backlogged within laboratories for examination. One biological fluid, saliva, can often be present in context with the sexual assault due to the nature of the crime. The question used to be who’s DNA is present, but now since DNA analysis has become much more advanced, the new question of how long has the stain been there, arises. Four donors were used to create four different time point environments including 3 days, 7 days, 1.5 months (41 days), and 3 months (84 days) which were then collected with cotton …
Tympanal Asymmetry In A Parasitoid Fly: Small Asymmetries Produce Big Gains, Max Mikel-Stites, Anne E. Staples
Tympanal Asymmetry In A Parasitoid Fly: Small Asymmetries Produce Big Gains, Max Mikel-Stites, Anne E. Staples
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Decreased Temperature Variance Associated With Biotic Composition Enhances Coastal Shrub Encroachment, Lauren K. Wood, Spencer Hays, Julie C. Zinnert
Decreased Temperature Variance Associated With Biotic Composition Enhances Coastal Shrub Encroachment, Lauren K. Wood, Spencer Hays, Julie C. Zinnert
Biology Publications
Regime shift from grasslands to shrub-dominated landscapes occur worldwide driven by altered land-use and climate change, affecting landscape function, biodiversity, and productivity. Warming winter temperatures are a main driver of expansion of the native, evergreen shrub, Morella cerifera, in coastal landscapes. Shrub establishment in these habitats alters microclimate, but little is known about seasonal differences and microclimate variance. We assessed influence of shrubs on microclimate variance, community composition, and community physiological functioning across three vegetation zones: grass, transitional, and shrub in a coastal grassland. Using a novel application of a time-series analysis, we interpret microclimatic variance modification and elucidate …
Seasonal Facilitative And Competitive Trade‐Offs Between Shrub Seedlings And Coastal Grasses, Michael N. Sinclair, Natasha N. Woods, Julie C. Zinnert
Seasonal Facilitative And Competitive Trade‐Offs Between Shrub Seedlings And Coastal Grasses, Michael N. Sinclair, Natasha N. Woods, Julie C. Zinnert
Biology Publications
Shrub expansion is occurring in grasslands globally and may be impacted by the balance of competition and facilitation with existing grasses. Along the mid‐Atlantic and Gulf coasts, the native shrub Morella cerifera (wax myrtle) is rapidly expanding and displacing other native coastal species. Recent research suggests that much of this expansion is due to warming winter temperatures, as temperatures below −15°C kill M. cerifera. The objective of this project was to understand the importance of species interactions with grasses on the growth and physiology of M. cerifera at the seedling life stage through both field and laboratory experiments. In …
Topography And Disturbance Influence Trait‐Based Composition And Productivity Of Adjacent Habitats In A Coastal System, Joseph K. Brown, Julie C. Zinnert
Topography And Disturbance Influence Trait‐Based Composition And Productivity Of Adjacent Habitats In A Coastal System, Joseph K. Brown, Julie C. Zinnert
Biology Publications
Coastal systems experience frequent disturbance and multiple environmental stressors over short spatial and temporal scales. Investigating functional traits in coastal systems has the potential to inform how variation in disturbance frequency and environmental variables influence differences in trait‐based community composition and ecosystem function. Our goals were to (1) quantify trait‐based communities on two barrier islands divergent in topography and long‐term disturbance response and (2) determine relationships between community trait‐based composition and ecosystem productivity. We hypothesized that locations documented with high disturbance would have habitats with similar environmental conditions and trait‐based communities, with the opposite relationship in low‐disturbance locations. Furthermore, we …
Gut Microbiome And Opioid-Induced Analgesic Tolerance, Sach D. Thakker, Karan H. Muchhala
Gut Microbiome And Opioid-Induced Analgesic Tolerance, Sach D. Thakker, Karan H. Muchhala
Biology Publications
The gut microbiome plays an important role in maintaining health and homeostasis. Chronic usage of opioids leads to microbial dysbiosis in the gut. This dysbiosis leads to several severe diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Here, we discuss the literature on how opioids affect the gut-microbiome axis and how these changes alter the ability of morphine to produce analgesic tolerance. Chronic morphine exposure leads to increases in gut permeability due to disruption of tight junction proteins and increases in inflammation due to release of proinflammatory cytokines, both of which promote tolerance to morphine. Additionally, it …
The Utilization Of Sex Hormone Antibodies For Screening And Separation Of Trace Biological Mixtures, Kristin N. Jones
The Utilization Of Sex Hormone Antibodies For Screening And Separation Of Trace Biological Mixtures, Kristin N. Jones
Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects
Touch or trace evidence consists of epidermal cells deposited by contact with items such as handled objects, touched surfaces, or worn clothes. This type of evidence has surpassed most other sample types submitted to forensic labs and typically consists of low quantities of DNA and multiple contributors. In this study epithelial skin cells, i.e., “touch/trace evidence,” were used as they are estimated to constitute approximately half of the casework evidence items submitted for DNA analysis. For the optimization of antibody staining, male and female skin epithelial samples from donors were incubated and hybridized with antibodies of various concentrations of Alexa …
The Process And A Pitfall In Developing Biology And Chemistry Problems For Mathematics Courses, Mary Beisiegel, Lori Kayes, Devon Quick, Richard Nafshun, Michael Lopez, Steve Dobrioglo, Michael Dickens
The Process And A Pitfall In Developing Biology And Chemistry Problems For Mathematics Courses, Mary Beisiegel, Lori Kayes, Devon Quick, Richard Nafshun, Michael Lopez, Steve Dobrioglo, Michael Dickens
Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations
In this paper, we describe our process for developing applied problems from biology and chemistry for use in a differential calculus course. We describe our conversations and curricular analyses that led us to change from our initial focus on college algebra to calculus. We provide results that allowed us to see the overlaps between biology and mathematics and chemistry and mathematics and led to a specific focus on problems related to rates of change. Finally, we investigate the problems that were developed by the partner disciplines for use on recitation activities in calculus and how those problems were modified by …