Biology Commons^™

Parasites, Proteomics And Performance: Effects Of Gregarine Gut Parasites On Dragonfly Flight Muscle Composition And Function, Rudolf J. Schilder, James H. Marden

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

In previous work, we found that dragonflies infected with gregarine gut parasites have reduced muscle power output, loss of lipid oxidation in their flight muscles, and a suite of symptoms similar to mammalian metabolic syndrome. Here, we test the hypothesis that changes in muscle protein composition underlie the observed changes in contractile performance. We found that gregarine infection was associated with a 10-fold average reduction in abundance of a ~155·kDa fragment of muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC; ~206·kDa intact size). Insect MHC gene sequences contain evolutionarily conserved amino acid motifs predicted for calpain cleavage, and we found that calpain digestion …

Plant Mitochondrial Recombination Surveillance Requires Unusual Reca And Muts Homologs, Vikas Shedge, Maria P. Arrieta-Montiel, Alan C. Christensen, Sally Ann Mackenzie

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

For >20 years, the enigmatic behavior of plant mitochondrial genomes has been well described but not well understood. Chimeric genes appear, and occasionally are differentially replicated or expressed, with significant effects on plant phenotype, most notably on male fertility, yet the mechanisms of DNA replication, chimera formation, and recombination have remained elusive. Using mutations in two important genes of mitochondrial DNA metabolism, we have observed reproducible asymmetric recombination events occurring at specific locations in the mitochondrial genome. Based on these experiments and existing models of double-strand break repair, we propose a model for plant mitochondrial DNA replication, chimeric gene formation, …

Microarray Challenges In Ecology, Jan E. Kammenga, Michael A. Herman, N. Joop Ouborg, Loretta Johnson, Rainer Bretling

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Microarrays are used to measure simultaneously the amount of mRNAs transcribed from many genes. They were originally designed for gene expression profiling in relatively simple biological systems, such as cell lines and model systems under constant laboratory conditions. This poses a challenge to ecologists who increasingly want to use microarrays to unravel the genetic mechanisms underlying complex interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment. Here, we discuss typical experimental and statistical problems that arise when analyzing genome-wide expression profiles in an ecological context. We show that experimental design and environmental confounders greatly influence the identification of candidate genes …

The Arabidopsis Homologs Of Trithorax (Atx1) And Enhancer Of Zeste (Clf) Establish ‘Bivalent Chromatin Marks’ At The Silent Agamous Locus, Abdelaty Saleh, Ayed Al-Abdallat, Ivan Ndamukong, Raul Alvarez-Venegas, Zoya Avramova

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Tightly balanced antagonism between the Polycomb group (PcG) and the Trithorax group (TrxG) complexes maintain Hox expression patterns in Drosophila and murine model systems. Factors belonging to the PcG/TrxG complexes control various processes in plants as well but whether they participate in mechanisms that antagonize, balance or maintain each other’s effects at a particular gene locus is unknown. CURLY LEAF (CLF), an Arabidopsis homolog of enhancer of zeste (EZ) and the ARABIDOPSIS HOMOLOG OF TRITHORAX (ATX1) control the expression of the flower homeotic gene AGAMOUS (AG). Disrupted ATX1 or CLF function results in misexpression of AG, recognizable …

The Origin Of 2 Sexes Through Optimization Of Recombination Entropy Against Time And Energy, Bo Deng

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

Sexual reproduction in nature requires two sexes, which raises the question why the reproductive scheme did not evolve to have three or more sexes. Here we construct a constrained optimization model based on the communication theory to analyze trade-offs among reproductive schemes with arbitrary number of sexes. More sexes on one hand lead to higher reproductive diversity, but on the other hand incur greater cost in time and energy for reproductive success. Our model shows that the two-sexes reproduction scheme maximizes the recombination entropy-to-cost ratio, and hence is the optimal solution to the problem.

Flagellar Motility And Structure In The Hyperthermoacidophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus Solfataricus, Zalán Szabó, Musa Sani, Maarten Groeneveld, Benham Zolghadr, James Schelert, Sonja-Verena Albers, Paul H. Blum, Egbert J. Boekema, Arnold J.M. Driessen

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Flagellation in archaea is widespread and is involved in swimming motility. Here, we demonstrate that the

structural flagellin gene from the crenarchaeaon Sulfolobus solfataricus is highly expressed in stationary-phasegrown

cells and under unfavorable nutritional conditions. A mutant in a flagellar auxiliary gene, flaJ, was

found to be nonmotile. Electron microscopic imaging of the flagellum indicates that the filaments are composed

of right-handed helices.

Evaluation Of Metals In A Defined Medium For Pichia Pastoris Expressing Recombinant Β-Galactosidase, Bradley A. Plantz, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Stephen D. Kachman, Vicki L. Schlegel

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Culture growth and recombinant protein yield of the Pichia pastoris GS115 methanol utilization positive system were studied in response to the types and levels of metals present in the growth medium and the supplemental salts typically used for these fermentations. Magnesium and zinc were both required to support cell growth but at significantly reduced levels compared to the control. However, supplementation with calcium, cobalt, iron, manganese, iodine, boron, and molybdenum were not required to sustain cell mass. When the medium was reformulated with only zinc and magnesium, the cells grew to 12–15 generations, which are expected for high cell density …

Asymmetric Localizations Of Lin-17/Fz And Mig-5/Dsh Are Involved In The Asymmetric B Cell Division In C. Elegans, Mingfu Wu, Michael A. Herman

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

LIN-44/Wnt and LIN-17/Frizzled (Fz) function in a planar cell polarity (PCP)-like pathway to regulate the asymmetric B cell division in Caenorhabditis elegans. We observed asymmetric localization of LIN-17/Frizzled (Fz) and MIG-5/Disheveled (Dsh) during the B cell division. LIN-17∷GFP was asymmetrically localized within the B cell prior to and after the B cell division and correlated with B cell polarity. Asymmetric localization of LIN-17∷GFP was dependent upon LIN-44/Wnt and MIG-5/Dsh function. The LIN-17 transmembrane domain and a portion of the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) were required for LIN-17 function and asymmetric distribution to the B cell daughters, while the conserved KTXXXW …

Mining The Arabidopsis Thaliana Genome For Highly-Divergent Seven Transmembrane Receptors, Etsuko N. Moriyama, Pooja K. Strope, Stephen O. Opiyo, Zhongying Chen, Alan M. Jones

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

To identify divergent seven-transmembrane receptor (7TMR) candidates from the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, multiple protein classification methods were combined, including both alignmentbased and alignment-free classifiers. This resolved problems in optimally training individual classifiers using limited and divergent samples, and increased stringency for candidate proteins. We identified 394 proteins as 7TMR candidates and highlighted 54 with corresponding expression patterns for further investigation.

Mig-5/Dsh Controls Cell Fate Determination And Cell Migration In C. Elegans, Timothy Walston, Chaobo Guo, Rui Proenca, Mingfu Wu, Michael Herman, Jeff Hardin, Edward Hedgecock

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Cell fate determination and cell migration are two essential events in the development of an organism. We identify mig-5, a Dishevelled family member, as a gene that regulates several cell fate decisions and cell migrations that are important during C. elegans embryonic and larval development. In offspring from mig-5 mutants, cell migrations are defective during hypodermal morphogenesis, QL neuroblast migration, and the gonad arm migration led by the distal tip cells (DTCs). In addition to abnormal migration, DTC fate is affected, resulting in either an absent or an extra DTC. The cell fates of the anchor cell in hermaphrodites …

An Experimental Approach To Modeling The Strength Of Canine Teeth, Patricia W. Freeman, Cliff A. Lemen

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The strength of canine teeth in several carnivores is found through direct fracture experiments. The average forces required to break the canines of adult animals are coyote 1170 N, red fox 533 N, bobcat 737 N and raccoon 512 N. Stresses created in teeth at the breaking load are predicted by finite-element analysis and beam theory. The ultimate tensile stress sustainable in these teeth is 338 MPa in adult animals. The large pulp cavity in the canines of young animals significantly weakens the bases of their teeth (by about 25%), but as the animal ages the pulp cavity decreases and …

Glucocorticoid Hormone Levels Increase With Group Size And Parasite Load In Cliff Swallows, Samrrah A. Raouf, Linda C. Smith, Mary Bomberger Brown, John C. Wingfield, Charles R. Brown

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Animals often cope with adverse events by releasing glucocorticoid hormones, which in turn promote increased energy assimilation. In captive animals, crowding also leads to increased glucocorticoid activity, probably because of increased levels of social competition. We investigated how group size and ectoparasite infestations affected endogenous levels of the glucocorticoid hormone, corticosterone, in colonial cliff swallows, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, in southwestern Nebraska, USA. Parasites were removed from some colonies by fumigating nests. Baseline levels of corticosterone in breeding adults varied significantly with whether parasites were present, colony size (measured by total number of active nests at a site), and nesting stage. …

Nonparametric Estimation Of Natural Selection On A Quantitative Trait Using Mark-Recapture Data, Olivier Gimenez, Rita Covas, Charles R. Brown, Mark D. Anderson, Mary Bomberger Brown, Thomas Lenormand

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Assessing natural selection on a phenotypic trait in wild populations is of primary importance for evolutionary ecologists. To cope with the imperfect detection of individuals inherent to monitoring in the wild, we develop a nonparametric method for evaluating the form of natural selection on a quantitative trait using mark-recapture data. Our approach uses penalized splines to achieve flexibility in exploring the form of natural selection by avoiding the need to specify an a priori parametric function. If needed, it can help in suggesting a new parametric model. We employ Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling in a Bayesian framework to estimate …

Regulation Of Mercury Resistance In The Crenarchaeote Sulfolobus Solfataricus, James Schelert, Melissa Drozda, Vidula Dixit, Amanda Dillman, Paul H. Blum

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mercuric ion, Hg(II), inactivates generalized transcription in the crenarchaeote Sulfolobus solfataricus. Metal

challenge simultaneously derepresses transcription of mercuric reductase (merA) by interacting with the

archaeal transcription factor aMerR. Northern blot and primer extension analyses identified two additional

Hg(II)-inducible S. solfataricus genes, merH and merI (SSO2690), located on either side of merA. Transcription

initiating upstream of merH at promoter merHp was metal inducible and extended through merA and merI,

producing a merHAI transcript. Northern analysis of a merRA double mutant produced by linear DNA

recombination demonstrated merHp promoter activity was dependent on aMerR to overcome Hg(II) …

Fire Does Not Alter Vegetation In Infertile Prairie, Johannes M.H. Knops

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The paradigm in prairie ecology is that fire is one of the key factors deter-mining vegetation composition. fire can impact grassland ecosystems in various ways, including changing plant species composition and inducing nitro-gen loss. I found that 17 years of different burning frequencies in infertile grassland had only a minor impact on the vegetation composition and diversity. The only major impact from increasing the frequency of fires was a decrease of Poa pratensis abundance. However, other plant species did not r-spond to the change in Poa abundance. This result contrasts with previous studies in savannas and more productive grasslands, where …

Can Environmental Variation Generate Positive Indirect Effects In A Model Of Shared Predation?, Chad Brassil

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Classic models of apparent competition predict negative indirect effects between prey with a shared enemy. If predator per capita growth rates are nonlinear, then endogenously generated periodic cycles are predicted to generate less negative or even positive indirect effects between prey. Here I determine how exogenous mechanisms such as environmental variation could modify indirect effects. I find that exogenous variation can have a broader range of effects on indirect interactions than endogenously generated cycles. Indirect effects are altered by environmental variation even in simple models for which the per capita growth rate of the predator species is a linear function …

Feather Mites Are Positively Associated With Daily Survival In Cliff Swallows, Charles R. Brown, Kathleen R. Brazeal, Stephanie A. Strickler, Mary Bomberger Brown

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Feather mites (Acari: Astigmata) have been reported to be parasitic, commensal, and even mutualis-tic on the birds that serve as their hosts. We investigated whether there was a relationship between number of feather mites (Pteronyssoides obscurus (Berlese, 1885)) on the wing and daily survival of cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (Vieillot, 1817)) during the breeding season at 12 nesting colonies in Nebraska in 2005. Survival of birds with known mite loads was monitored by mark–recapture, and survival models with and without a linear effect of mites were compared with the program MARK. For adult swallows, mites were positively associated …

Why Is The Number Of Dna Bases 4?, Bo Deng

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

In this paper we construct a mathematical model for DNA replication based on Shannon’s mathematical theory for communication. We treatDNAreplication as a communication channel. We show that the mean replication rate is maximal with four nucleotide bases under the primary assumption that the pairing time of the G–C bases is between 1.65 and 3 times the pairing time of the A–T bases.

Rapid Senescence In Pacific Salmon, Yolanda E. Morbey, Chad Brassil, Andrew P. Hendry

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Any useful evolutionary theory of senescence must be able to explain variation within and among natural populations and species. This requires a careful characterization of age-specific mortality rates in nature as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence these rates. We perform this task for two populations of semelparous Pacific salmon. During the breeding season, estimated daily mortality rates increased from 0 to 0.2–0.5 (depending on the year) over the course of several weeks. Early-arriving individuals had a later onset and/or a lower rate of senescence in each breeding season, consistent with adaptive expectations based on temporal variation …

Online Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology: F, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott L. Gardner

Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology

face facet facette facetted facial facialium facies facio-orbital factor facultative faeces Fahrenholz's falcate falces falciform falciger falcis falculate falsadentes false falx famulus fan fang farctate farinaceous fascia fasciate fascicle fasciculus fasciole fascio-maculata fascio-punctate fastening fastigiate fastigium fat fate fauces fauna faunal faveolate feces fecula fecundate fecundity feedback feeder feeding feeler feet felt female femoro-alary femorogenu femorotibial femur fenestra fenestrate fenestration fenestrella fenestrule fente feral ferment fermentation ferreous ferruginous ferrule fertile fertility fertilization fertilizin festivus festoon festoons fetid fiber fibril fibrillar fibrin fibrinogen fibrocyte fibroin fibroplasm fibrous fibula fide filament filamentary filaria filariform filate filator file filial filiation filibranch filicornia filiform …

Online Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology: B, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott L. Gardner

Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology

baccate bacillary bacilliform back-cross back-mutation bacteremia bacteriophagous baculiform baculite baenomere baenopoda baenosome Baer's bailer balanced balancers balanoid balantin balantine Balbiani Balbiani's bald Baldwin ballonets ballooning band barb barbate, barbatus barbula bark baroceptor, baroreceptor barotropism barrier basad basal basalar basalia basalis base basement bases basicarnal basicerite basiconic basicosta basicostal basicoxite basifemoral basifemur basilaire basilar basilateral basilemma basimandibula basimaxilla basimetrical basinym basioccludent basiophthalmite basiperiphallus basipharynx basipod basipodite basiproboscis basipulvilli basirostral basis basiscopic basiscutal basisternum basistylus basitarsal basitarsus basitergal basitibial basitrich basitrichous basivalvula basket basopinacocytes batatiform Batesian bathmis bathyal bathylimnetic bathymetric bathypelagic battery batumen bave B-chromosome, bdelloid bead beaded beak beaked bean beard …

Online Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology: A, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott L. Gardner

Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology

abactinal abambulacral A-band abapertural abapical abaxial abbreviate abcauline abdomen abduct aberrant abient abiocoen abiogenesis abiology abiotic abjugal ablation aboral aboriginal abortion abranchiate abreptor abscission absorption abterminal abullate abyssal abyssobenthos abyssopelagic acanthaceous acanthella acanthocephalans acanthocyst acanthodion acanthodrilin acanthoparia acanthophore acanthophorites acanthopod acanthosphenote acanthostegous acanthostyle acanthozooid acariasis Acarina acarinarium acarocecidium acarology acarophily acaryote acaudal acclimation acclivous accretion acelomate acentric Acephala acephalocyst acephalous acerata acervate acescence acetabulum achaetous achlamydate achroacyte achroglobin achroic achromasia achromatic A-chromosome achroous acia acicle aciculiform acidic acidobiontic acidophilic acidophobic acidotheca aciduric acies aciform acinacicate acinaciform acinarious aciniform acinose aclid acline aclitellate acme Acoelomata acoelous acone acontioids acraein Acraspeda acrembolic …

Online Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology: C, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott L. Gardner

Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology

cadavericole caddis cadre caducous caecum Caenogaea caespitose Cainogea caisson calabar calamistrum calamus calathiform Calcarea calces calciferous calcipala calcospherites calice calicle calicoblastic caliology callous callow callus calobiosis calomus caloric calorigenic calorimetry calotte caltrop calva calx calyciform calycine calycle calyoptis calypto calyptra Calyptratae calyptron calyx camarodont camera camerostome campaniform campestral campi campodeiform campus Canadian canal canalaria canali cancellate cancrisocial cancroid cane canella canines canities cannibalism cannula canthariasis canthus capillary capillitium capita caprification capsule capuliform caput capylus caraboid carapace carbohydrates carcinoid carcinology cardate cardiac cardines cardinosternal cardinostipital cardioblasts cardiocoelomic cardo cardosubmental caria caridean caridoid carina carious carmine carnivore carnose Carolinian carolites carotene carotin …

Online Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology: D, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott L. Gardner

Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology

dacryoid dactyl dactylethra dactylognathite dactyloid dactylopodite dactylopore dactylozooid dactylus dance daphnid dart dart sac Darwinism dauer larvae dauermodification daughter daughter cells daughter cyst day-eye De Vriesianism dealate dealation death deaurate decacanth decalcification decamerous decapodid larvae decathecal decephalic deciduous deck declinate declivitous declivous deconjugation decorticate decumbent decurved decussated dedetermination dedifferentiation defaunate defecate deferent deficiency definition definitive host deflected deflected front deflexed defoliator deformed degenerate degenerate code degeneration dehiscence dehiscent deirids delamination delimitation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis delthyrial delthyrium deltidial deltidium deltoid demanian demarcation deme demersal demibranchs demiplate demiprovinculum Demospongiae denatant dendriform dendrite dendritic thickening dendrobranch dendrogram dendroid dendron dendrophagous dendrophilous denematize denizen …

Online Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology: E, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott L. Gardner

Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology

ear eave eaves eburnean ecalcarate ecarinate ecaudate ecbolic eccentric ecdemic ecdysial ecdysis ecdysone ecdysotrophic ecesis echinate echinating Echinodermata echinoderms echinopaedium echinostome echiopluteus Echiura echiurans ecitophile ecium eclectic eclipsed eclosion ecoclimate ecocline ecogeographical ecological ecology ecomorph ecomorphic economic ecoparasite ecophene ecophenotype eco¬phenotypic ecosite ecospecies ecosystem ecotone ecotype ecsoma ectad ectadenia ectal ectally ectoblast ectochone ectocochleate ectocommensal ectocrine ectocyst ectoderm ectodermal ectognathous ectohormones ectolecithal ectomere ectomesenchyme ectomesoderm ectoneural ectooecium ectoparasite ectopara¬sitic ectophagous ectophallus ectopic ectoplasm ectoproct Ectoprocta ectoprocts ectoptygma ectosomal ectosome ectospermalege ectostracum ectosymbion ectosymbi¬ont ectothermal ectotrophous ectozoon ecumenical edaphic edaphic factors edaphon edeagus edentate edentulous edge editum edoeagus effect effector efferent …

Online Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology: G, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott L. Gardner

Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology

galea gallery gallicola gallicolae gallicolous galliphagous galvanotaxis galvanotropism gametangiogamy gametangium gamete gametocyte gametogamy gametogenesis gametogenetic gametogeny gametogonium gametogony gametotoky gamma gamobium gamodeme gamogenesis gamogonic gamogony gamones gamophase ganglia gangliate ganglion ganglionic gap gaper gaping gas gaseous gaster gasterostome gasterotheca gastraea gastraeum gastral gastralia gastric gastrilegous gastrocoele gastrocoelus gastrodermis gastro-ileal gastrolith gastroorbital Gastropoda gastropods gastropores Gastrotricha gastrotrichs gastrovascular gastrozooid gastrula gastrular gathering Gause's gelatigenous gelatin gelatine gelatinous geminate gemma gemmate gemmation gemmipara gemmipares gemmule gemmulostasin gena genacerore genae genal genaponta genatasinus gene genera generalized generation generative generitype generotype Gene's genesiology genetic genetics genic genicular geniculate genital genitalia genitointestinal genocline genocopy genodeme …

Online Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology: N, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott L. Gardner

Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology

nacre nacreous naiad nail naked nanism nanoid nanitic worker nanometer nanoplankton nanozooid narcosis nasale nascent naso Nassanoff's gland Nassanov's gland Nassanov's gland nasus nasute natal natality rate natant natatory natatory lamellae nates naticid naticiform native natural classification artificial classification natural decrease natural increase natural group natural increase natural requeening supersedure natural selection naupliar eye nauplius eye naupliiform nauplius eye nauplius larva nautilicone nautiliform nautiloid nautiloid navicular neala neallotype neanic neap Nearctic neascus larva nebulous neck neck organ nuchal organ necrobiosis necrocytosis necrophagous necrophoresis necrophoric behavior necrosis necrotize nectar nectobenthic nectocalyx nectophore nectochaeta larva necton nekton nectophore pneumatophore nectopod nectosome nectozooid …

Online Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology: L, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott L. Gardner

Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology

labella labellum labellar abductor apodeme labellar basal sclerites labellar mesial sclerite labellar sclerite labellum labial labial area labial disc labial glands labial gutter premental gutter labial kidneys labial nephridia labial lumen premental gutter labial mask labial nephridia labial palp/palpus palpi maxillary palp labial plate labial stipes labiostipes labial suture labial veil oral lappets labiate labidophorous labiella labiellum labile labiostipes labis socii labium bia inner lip labral labropalatum clypeopala¬tum labrum labra labrum-epipharynx lac lacerated lacinia lacinea laciniae lacinia mandibulae lacinia mobilis lacinia mobilis laciniate lacteous lactescent lactic acid lacuna ae lacunar system lacunose lacustrine laeotorma ae laeotropic lagena utriculus Lamarckism lamella …

Online Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology: M, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott L. Gardner

Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology

macerate machopolyp machozooid macraner macrergate macrobiota macrocephalic macrocercous macrochaetae macrocilia macrocnemes macrocyte macroesthetes macroevolution macrofauna macrogamete macrogametocyte macrogamy macrogenesis macrogyne macroic macrolecithal macromere macromesentery macromitosome macromolecule macromutation macronotal macronucleocyte macrophage macrophthalmic macroplankton macropore macropseudogyne macropterous macrosclere macroscopic macroseptum macrosiphon macrosymbiont macrotaxonomy macrotrichia macrotype macrurous maculate madrepore madreporic madreporite malacoid malacology malacophilous malapophysis male male-cell malella malleate malleations malleolus malleoramate malleus malli Malpighian maltha mamelon mammillate manca manchette mancoid mandible mandibular Mandibulata mandibulate manducate manica maniform manitruncus manna manometabola mantle manubrium manuscript marble margaritaceous marginalia marginate marine marita marker marmorate marsh marsupium masked mass mastax mastication masticomorphic mastidion mastigobranch mastigobranchia mastigophore …

Online Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology: I J K, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott L. Gardner

Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology

I-band I-cells ichnotaxon ichthyophagous iconotype icotype ICZN ideotype idiobiology idiochromatin idiochromosome idiocuticular idiogamy idiogram idiomorphic idionymous idionymy idioplasm idiosoma idiosome idiosphaerotheca idiotaxonomy idiotaxy idiotrichy idiotype idorgan ileocecal ileum imaginal imagination imagine imago imagochrysalis imbricate imbrication immaculate immarginate immature immersed immunity immunogenic imperfect imperforate implex implicate impregnation impressed imprint impunctate inaequipartite inanition inappendiculate inarticulate inaxon inbreed inbreeding incased incertae incidence incidental incipient incised incisions incisor incisura incisure inclinate inclivous inclusion incomplete incrassate incremental incrustation incubation incubatory incudal incudate incudes incumbent incunabulum incurrent incurved incus indented indeterminate index indexes indigenous indigoid indirect inducer induction inductor inductura indumentum indurate indusium industrial inequal inequilateral …