Biology Commons^™

Dolphin Study Gives Insight Into Marine Mammal Threat Response, Marshall Hawkins

Scientific Communication News

No abstract provided.

Social Structure Of Killer Whales (Orcinus Orca) In The Galápagos Archipelago, Mary Gad

Scientific Communication News

No abstract provided.

Using Drones To Assess Great White Shark Behavior Along Coastal Beaches, Alydia Moorhead

Scientific Communication News

No abstract provided.

Acetaminophen Does Not Alter The Early Processing Of Emotional Facial Expressions: An Eye-Tracking Study, Andrew C. Gallup, Brianda K. L. Gagnon, Bruna Rosic, Omar T. Eldakar

Biology Faculty Articles

A growing body of research has uncovered that acetaminophen, the most commonly used over-the-counter painkilling drug in the United States, produces a number of unintended psychological effects. In particular, recent studies show that acetaminophen blunts a variety of adaptive affective and cognitive processes, including our sensitivity to painful social experiences and subjective responses to emotional stimuli. Using a double-blind placebo-controlled study, here we examined whether acetaminophen alters the early visual processing of emotional facial expressions. Participants consumed 1000 mg of acetaminophen, or a matched placebo, prior to performing a delayed disengagement task with different facial expressions. Specifically, we used eye-tracking …

Metagenomic Analysis Of Dental Calculus In Ancient Egyptian Baboons, Claudio Ottoni, Meriam Guellil, Andrew T. Ozga, Anne C. Stone, Oliver Kersten, Barbara Bramanti, Stephanie Porcier, Wim Van Neer

Biology Faculty Articles

Dental calculus, or mineralized plaque, represents a record of ancient biomolecules and food residues. Recently, ancient metagenomics made it possible to unlock the wealth of microbial and dietary information of dental calculus to reconstruct oral microbiomes and lifestyle of humans from the past. Although most studies have so far focused on ancient humans, dental calculus is known to form in a wide range of animals, potentially informing on how human-animal interactions changed the animals’ oral ecology. Here, we characterise the oral microbiome of six ancient Egyptian baboons held in captivity during the late Pharaonic era (9^th–6^th centuries …

The 14-3-3 (Ywha) Proteins In Signalling And Development Of The Fruit Fly, Drosophila Melanogaster, Santanu De

Biology Faculty Articles

The 14-3-3 (YWHA or Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/Tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation proteins) are a family of highly conserved, homologous proteins critical to diverse cellular events including cell cycle, signal transduction and embryonic development. Various species-specific isoforms of 14-3-3 exist, encoded by separate genes. They are expressed in a wide variety of organisms ranging from plants to animals, including the fruit fly or Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila is one of the most universally accepted model systems to study complex cellular mechanisms of signalling and development. However, regulation of these processes in fruit flies by the 14-3-3 proteins have not been entirely understood. This mini …

Mangrove Cuckoo, Coccyzus Minor, Neurocranium, Lola R. Mildren, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

No abstract provided.

Ywha (14-3-3) Protein Isoforms And Their Interactions With Cdc25b Phosphatase In Mouse Oogenesis And Oocyte Maturation, Alaa A. Eisa, Santanu De, Ariana Detwiler, Eva Gilker, Alexander C. Ignatious, Srinivasan Vijayaraghavan, Douglas Kline

Biology Faculty Articles

Background

Immature mammalian oocytes are held arrested at prophase I of meiosis by an inhibitory phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Release from this meiotic arrest and germinal vesicle breakdown is dependent on dephosphorylation of CDK1 by the protein, cell cycle division 25B (CDC25B). Evidence suggests that phosphorylated CDC25B is bound to YWHA (14-3-3) proteins in the cytoplasm of immature oocytes and is thus maintained in an inactive form. The importance of YWHA in meiosis demands additional studies.

Results

Messenger RNA for multiple isoforms of the YWHA protein family was detected in mouse oocytes and eggs. All seven mammalian YWHA …

Oral Microbiome Diversity In Chimpanzees From Gombe National Park, Andrew T. Ozga, Ian C. Gilby, Rebecca Nockerts, Michael L. Wilson, Anne Pusey, Anne C. Stone

Biology Faculty Articles

Historic calcified dental plaque (dental calculus) can provide a unique perspective into the health status of past human populations but currently no studies have focused on the oral microbial ecosystem of other primates, including our closest relatives, within the hominids. Here we use ancient DNA extraction methods, shotgun library preparation, and next generation Illumina sequencing to examine oral microbiota from 19 dental calculus samples recovered from wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) who died in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. The resulting sequences were trimmed for quality, analyzed using MALT, MEGAN, and alignment scripts, and integrated with previously published dental …

The Opioid Crisis Examined, Anatolly Zekhtser

BIO4960: Practicum in Biology I

The Opioid Crisis is a national crisis affecting public, social, and economic healthcare. Nearly 50,000 deaths were caused by opioid overdoses in 2017. Current treatments of opioid addictions include the use of methadone and buprenorphine. These medications have been known to reduce opioid dependency, lower tolerances, increase the opioid overdose threshold, and lower overdose mortality. An analysis was conducted on prominent research studies investigating the effectiveness, safety, side effects, and influence of Methadone and Buprenorphine. The meta-analysis confirmed that both drugs are effective opioid agonists that contribute to decreased opioid dependence and increased opioid abstinence. Due to a series of …

Red Grouper Skull, Jessica Urban, Miranda Brohman, Zachery Young

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

No abstract provided.

Sea Robin, Prionotus Carolinus , Neurocranium, Alexandra L. Jackson, Mia I. Andahazy, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

No abstract provided.

Sea Robin (Prionotus Carolinus) Neurocranium, Brittany A. Malin, Mykenzee L. Munaco, David W. Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Neurocranium from 7.7cm total length (TL) Sea Robin (Prionotus carolinus), collected from a preserved mixed-fishes set from Carolina Biological Supply Company

Sea Robin (Triglidae) Neurocranium, David W. Kerstetter, Sarah Kennedy, Kathryn Kuruoglu

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

No abstract provided.

Burrowing Owl (Athene Cunicularia) Cranium, Dennis A. Mandi, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

No abstract provided.

Comparative Chromosome Mapping Of Musk Ox And The X Chromosome Among Some Bovidae Species, Anastasiya A. Proskuryakova, Anastasia I. Kulemzina, Polina L. Perelman, Dmitry V. Yudkin, Natalya A. Lemskaya, Innokentii M. Okhlopkov, Egor V. Kirillin, Marta Farré, Denis M. Larkin, M. Roelke-Parker, Stephen James O'Brien, Mitchell Bush, Alexander S. Graphodatsky

Biology Faculty Articles

Bovidae, the largest family in Pecora infraorder, are characterized by a striking variability in diploid number of chromosomes between species and among individuals within a species. The bovid X chromosome is also remarkably variable, with several morphological types in the family. Here we built a detailed chromosome map of musk ox (Ovibos moschatus), a relic species originating from Pleistocene megafauna, with dromedary and human probes using chromosome painting. We trace chromosomal rearrangements during Bovidae evolution by comparing species already studied by chromosome painting. The musk ox karyotype differs from the ancestral pecoran karyotype by six fusions, one fission, …

Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute Summer Intern Program, Nicolas Vitari

Trick to the Treat of Internships and Research

No abstract provided.

Md Anderson University Outreach Summer Program, Melanie Fraidenburg

Trick to the Treat of Internships and Research

No abstract provided.

University Of Miami Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (Surf), Elizabeth Feldman

Trick to the Treat of Internships and Research

No abstract provided.

Clear Vision Optometry Clinic Internship, Taylor Veneza

Trick to the Treat of Internships and Research

No abstract provided.

Love & Angels Care Internship, Kristin Addison

Trick to the Treat of Internships and Research

No abstract provided.

Clear Vision Optometry Clinic Internship, Howard Ho

Trick to the Treat of Internships and Research

No abstract provided.

Medical University Of Graz, Austria Internship, Vanessa Cruise

Trick to the Treat of Internships and Research

No abstract provided.

Biology Practicum Course, Jose Garcia

Trick to the Treat of Internships and Research

No abstract provided.

Atlantis Fellowship - Spain / Italy Summer Internship, Cassidy Campanella

Trick to the Treat of Internships and Research

No abstract provided.

Antibiotics Overuse And Bacterial Resistance, Mir Saleem, Brett Deters, Adam De La Bastide, Martha Korzen

Biology Faculty Articles

Antibiotic usage has become very widespread, as they are used to treat so many infectious diseases today. Antimicrobial agents exert their actions via different mechanisms including blockage of cell wall synthesis, interference of protein and/or nucleic acid synthesis, interruption of cell membrane structure, and inhibition of a metabolic pathway. The treatment of bacterial infections with antimicrobial agents has become more difficult due to the capability of bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics. Erroneous diagnosing, misconceptions, and improper physician-patient dynamics have led to overuse of antibiotics and the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Bacterial colonies have been shown to confer advantageous genetic …

Hogfish Neurocranium, Christopher Z. Lucero, Michael A. Terlizzi, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

No abstract provided.

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome Of An Atlantic Ocean Shortfin Mako Shark, Isurus Oxyrinchus, Jonathan Gorman, Nicholas J. Marra, Mahmood S. Shivji, Bryce J. Stanhope

Biology Faculty Articles

We report the first complete mitochondrial genome of a shortfin mako shark from the Atlantic Ocean. The genome had 16,700 base pairs and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a non-coding D-loop. There were 81 individual differences compared to the published mitochondrial genome of a shortfin mako from the Pacific Ocean, with most variability found in protein coding genes, especially ND5, ND3, and ND1. These highly variable genes may be useful population markers in future studies, and availability of a second mitogenome will assist with future, genome-scale studies of this IUCN Endangered species.

Gut Microbiome Diversity Is Associated With Sleep Physiology In Humans, Robert Smith, Cole Easson, Sarah M. Lyle, Ritishka Kapoor, Chase P. Donnelly, Eileen Davidson, Esha Parikh, Jose Lopez, Jaime L. Tartar

Biology Faculty Articles

The human gut microbiome can influence health through the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome can influence sleep quality. Previous studies that have examined sleep deprivation and the human gut microbiome have yielded conflicting results. A recent study found that sleep deprivation leads to changes in gut microbiome composition while a different study found that sleep deprivation does not lead to changes in gut microbiome. Accordingly, the relationship between sleep physiology and the gut microbiome remains unclear. To address this uncertainty, we used actigraphy to quantify sleep measures coupled with gut microbiome sampling to determine how the …

Red Drum (Sciaenops Ocellatus), Alois Romanowski, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) collected as-is on the beach of Anclote Key, Florida in 1999.