Biology Commons^™

Integration Of Genotype, Physiological Performance, And Survival In A Lizard (Uta Stansburiana) With Alternative Mating Strategies, Lisa Hazard, Kenneth A. Nagy, Donald B. Miles, Erik I. Svensson, Daniel Costa, Barry Sinervo

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Covariation among behavioral and physiological traits is thought to enhance reproductive success and Darwinian fitness. Species that exhibit alternative mating strategies provide excellent opportunities to assess the relative contributions of physiological and behavioral traits to fitness. Male side-blotched lizards (Uta stans-buriana) exhibit three heritable throat color morphs that are associated with alternative mating behaviors. The three morphs differ in resource holding potential, mate attraction, mate defense, and physiological performance. We examined interrelationships of body mass, stamina, field metabolic rate, growth rate, and survival to the second capture (a fitness proxy). Relationships among variables were complex, and mass, stamina, and throat …

The Genomic Basis For Colonizing The Freezing Southern Ocean Revealed By Antarctic Toothfish And Patagonian Robalo Genomes, Liangbiao Chen, Ying Lu, Wenhao Li, Yandong Ren, Mengchao Yu, Shouwen Jiang, Yanxia Fu, Jian Wang, Sihua Peng, Kevin T. Bilyk, Katherine R. Murphy, Xuan Zhuang, Mathias Hune, Wanying Zhai, Wen Wang, Qianghua Xu, Chi Hing Christina Cheng

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: The Southern Ocean is the coldest ocean on Earth but a hot spot of evolution. The bottom-dwelling Eocene ancestor of Antarctic notothenioid fishes survived polar marine glaciation and underwent adaptive radiation, forming >120 species that fill all water column niches today. Genome-wide changes enabling physiological adaptations and the rapid expansion of the Antarctic notothenioids remain poorly understood. Results: We sequenced and compared 2 notothenioid genomes - the cold-adapted and neutrally buoyant Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni and the basal Patagonian robalo Eleginops maclovinus, representing the temperate ancestor. We detected >200 protein gene families that had expanded and thousands of genes …

Lingering Impacts Of Hurricane Hugo On Rhizophora Mangle (Red Mangrove) Population Genetics On St. John, Usvi, Paul Bologna, James Campanella, Dena J. Restaino, Zachary A. Fetske, Matthew Lourenco, John V. Smalley

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Stochastic events can have catastrophic effects on island populations through a series of genetic stressors from reduced population size. We investigated five populations of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) from St. John, USVI, an UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, which were impacted by Hurricane Hugo in 1989. Our goal was to determine diversity and to ascertain potential population bottlenecks two decades after the event. With the lowest observed heterozygosity, highest inbreeding coefficient, and evidence of a major bottleneck, our results demonstrated that the Great Lameshur mangroves, devastated by Hurricane Hugo, were the least diverse stand of trees. The other four populations from St. …

Evaluating Microbial Water Quality And Potential Sources Of Fecal Contamination In The Musconetcong River Watershed In New Jersey, U.S.A., Tsung Ta David Hsu, Lee H. Lee, Alessandra Rossi, Ayuni Yussof, Nancy Lawler, Meiyin Wu

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Microbial pathogens and indicators have contributed to major part of water quality degradation in the United States. Located in the northwestern New Jersey, the Musconetcong River has been included in the New Jersey Impaired Waters List or the 303(d) List due to high concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria. Hence, a Total Maximum Daily Load plan was established to address microbial water quality issues in the watershed. The objectives of this study were to assess the current status of microbial water quality and to determine potential sources of fecal contamination in the Musconetcong River Watershed using microbial source tracking techniques. Fifteen …

Targeted Resequencing Of Crispr Cas9 Mediated Icer Knockout In Sk-Mel-24 Cells, Justin Wheelan

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Inducible cAMP Early Repressor (ICER) is a small transcription factor that originates from an intronic promoter within the cAMP Response Element Modulator (CREM) gene (Molina et al., 1993). ICER acts as a putative tumor suppressor by mediating cAMP antiproliferative activity by competitively binding to cAMP Response Elements (CRE’s) and repressing transcription of genes involved in cell division (Mémin et al., 2002). ICER has been shown to be effectively absent in cancer and suspected to be targeted for proteasomal degradation via ubiquitination (Healey et al., 2013). ICER is most likely regulated via post-translational modifications as a result of mutations on Ras/Raf …

Biogeographical Patterns Of Tunicates Utilizing Eelgrass As Substrate In The Western North Atlantic Between 39° And 47° North Latitude (New Jersey To Newfoundland), Mary R. Carman, Philip D. Colarusso, Hilary A. Neckles, Paul Bologna, Scott Caines, John D.P. Davidson, N. Tay Evans, Sophia E. Fox, David W. Grunden, Sarah Hoffman, Kevin C.K. Ma, Kyle Matheson, Cynthia H. Mckenzie, Eric P. Nelson, Holly Plaisted, Emily Reddington, Stephen Schott, Melisa C. Wong

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Colonization of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) by tunicates can lead to reduced plant growth and survival. Several of the tunicate species that are found on eelgrass in the northwest Atlantic are highly aggressive colonizers, and range expansions are predicted in association with climate-change induced increases in seawater temperature. In 2017, we surveyed tunicates within eelgrass meadows at 33 sites from New Jersey to Newfoundland. Eight tunicate species were identified colonizing eelgrass, of which four were non-native and one was cryptogenic. The most common species (Botrylloides violaceus and Botryllus schlosseri) occurred from New York to Atlantic Canada. Tunicate faunas attached to …

Synergistic Negative Effects Of Thermal Stress And Altered Food Resources On Echinoid Larvae, Colette Feehan, Zoe Ludwig, Suzannah Yu, Diane K. Adams

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Multiple changes to the marine environment under climate change can have additive or interactive (antagonistic or synergistic) effects on marine organisms. Prompted by observations of anomalously warm sea temperatures and low chlorophyll concentrations during the 2013–2016 warm “Blob” event in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, we examined the combined effects of thermal stress and a shift in food resources on the development of a larval echinoid (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) in the laboratory. A high concentration of phytoplankton yielded faster echinus rudiment development at warm versus historical temperature, indicating a mitigating effect of abundant food on thermal stress; however, low phytoplankton concentration or …

Urban Re-Greening: A Case Study In Multi-Trophic Biodiversity And Ecosystem Functioning In A Post-Industrial Landscape, Frank Gallagher, Nina M. Goodey, Diane Hagmann, Jay Prakash Singh, Claus Holzapfel, Megan Litwhiler, Jennifer Adams Krumins

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The biodiversity of urban and post-industrial ecosystems is a highly relevant and growing new frontier in ecological research. Even so, the functionality of these ecosystems may not always be successfully predicted based on prior biodiversity and ecosystem functioning theory. Indeed, evidence suggests that the general biological impoverishment within the urban context envisioned thirty years ago was overstated. Many of the world’s urban centers support some degree of biodiversity that is indigenous, as well as a complex array of non-native species, resulting in highly functional, and often, novel communities. For over two decades, a multi-disciplinary team has examined the sub-lethal impact …

Evolution In Chronic Cold: Varied Loss Of Cellular Response To Heat In Antarctic Notothenioid Fish, Kevin T. Bilyk, Luis Vargas-Chacoff, C. H.Christina Cheng

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Confined within the freezing Southern Ocean, the Antarctic notothenioids have evolved to become both cold adapted and cold specialized. A marked signature of cold specialization is an apparent loss of the cellular heat shock response (HSR). As the HSR has been examined in very few notothenioid species to-date, it remains unknown whether HSR loss pervades the Antarctic radiation, or whether the broader cellular responses to heat stress has sustained similar loss. Understanding the evolutionary status of these responses in this stenothermal taxon is crucial for evaluating its adaptive potential to ocean warming under climate change. Results: In this study, …

Who’S Lurking In Your Lagoon? First Occurrence Of The Invasive Hydrozoan Moerisia Sp. (Cnidariahydrozoa) In New Jersey, Usa, Dena J. Restaino, Paul Bologna, John Gaynor, Gary A. Buchanan, Joseph J. Bilinski

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Coastal estuaries represent areas of high biological invasions by virtue of their economic importance as ports. We report on the first occurrence of the non-native hydrozoan Moerisia sp. in coastal New Jersey, USA. Through the use of artificial settling plates, several diminutive, unknown cnidarian polyps were isolated. Initial morphological assessment indicated that two of the unknown polyps were keyed to Moerisia. We then used universal cnidarian primers to amplify and sequence the 16S rDNA mitochondrial locus for molecular identification. Upon evaluation and editing of sequences, two of the unknown polyps were identified as belonging to a group of unresolved Moerisia …

Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate-Stearate Inhibits The Growth Of Streptococcus Mutans: A Promising New Approach In Caries Prevention, Amy Lynn Melok, Lee Lee, Siti Ayuni Mohamed Yussof, Tinchun Chu

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the main etiological bacteria present in the oral cavity that leads to dental caries. All of the S. mutans in the oral cavity form biofilms that adhere to the surfaces of teeth. Dental caries are infections facilitated by the development of biofilm. An esterified derivative of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin-3-gallate-stearate (EGCG-S), was used in this study to assess its ability to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans. The effect of EGCG-S on bacterial growth was evaluated with colony forming units (CFU) and log reduction; biofilm formation was qualitatively determined by Congo red assay, …

A Promising Novel Method Targeting Prosthetic Joint Infections, Shanice Otieno

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Approximately 1-2% of patients have complications due to bacterial infection. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the three bacteria responsible for approximately 75% of biofilm-related infections. These three microorganisms can adhere to stainless steel and orthopedic screws. Biofilms are produced by an accumulation of bacteria which can attach to a surface, accumulate and form an extracellular polymeric substance.

Green tea extracts from plant Camellia sinensis have long been studied for their antimicrobial effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Polyphenols found in green tea, specifically epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), are the most important component in targeting biofilm. However, this compound can …

Effects Of World Trade Center Particulate Matter From September 11, 2001 On Biochemical Pathways Associated With Apoptosis And Cell Viability, Eric Tobias

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The dust that resulted from the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers on September 11th, 2001 contained organic and inorganic compounds. The survivors and first responders were breathing these compounds while fleeing and rescuing others. Some of the particles that were inhaled were small enough to affect the alveolar region of the lungs. This study looks at the effect that World Trade Center dust has on MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts. Cell viability is observed over time using an alamarBlue® assay. Previous studies have shown that MRC-5 cells that are exposed to WTC dust lose viability after 24 hours …

The Antimicrobial Activity Of Lipophilic Green Tea Polyphenols On S. Mutans And The Eskape Pathogens, Mathew Milad Abtahi

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Dental caries, or cavities, is a highly prevalent disease affecting societies of different economic and geographic status across the globe. This disease is caused by dental decay by bacteria fermenting the carbohydrates in food and producing acid end-products that dissolve the enamel. Though there are a few different bacteria that can cause cavities, Streptococcus mutans is the main etiological cause of dental caries. The earliest stages of cavity formation are typically marked with biofilm development, in which the thick slime layer confers bacteria greater adherence to the enamel surface, the ability to adapt to more adverse conditions, and quorum sensing …

Evidence For Exaptation Of The Marchantia Polymorpha M20d Peptidase Mpilr1 Into The Tracheophyte Auxin Regulatory Pathway, James Campanella, Stephanie Kurdach, Joy Bochis, John V. Smalley

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Auxin homeostasis is tightly regulated by several mechanisms, including conjugation of the hormone to specific moieties, such as amino acids or sugar. The inactive phytohormone conjugate is stored in large pools in plants and hydrolyzed to regain full activity. Many conjugate hydrolases (M20D metallopeptidases) have been identified and characterized throughout the plant kingdom. We have traced this regulatory gene family back to liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha), a member of the most ancient extant land plant lineage, which emerged approximately 475 million years ago. We have isolated and characterized a single hydrolase homologue, dubbed M. polymorpha IAA-Leucine Resistant1 (MpILR1), from liverwort. MpILR1 …

Activity Of Genes With Functions In Human Williams-Beuren Syndrome Is Impacted By Mobile Element Insertions In The Gray Wolf Genome, Bridgett M. Vonholdt, Sarah S. Ji, Matthew Aardema, Daniel R. Stahler, Monique A.R. Udell, Janet S. Sinsheimer

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

In canines, transposon dynamics have been associatedwith a hyper-social behavioral syndrome, although the functional mechanism has yet to be described. We investigate the epigenetic and transcriptional consequences of these behavior-associated mobile element insertions (MEIs) in dogs and Yellowstone gray wolves. We posit that the transposons themselves may not be the causative feature; rather, their transcriptional regulation may exert the functional impact. We survey four outlier transposons associatedwith hyper-sociability, with the expectation that they are targeted for epigenetic silencing. We predict hyper-methylation of MEIs, suggestive that the epigenetic silencing of and not the MEIs themselves may be driving dysregulation of nearby …

Evidence Of Pogo Transposable Elements In The Atlantic Bay Nettle (Chrysaora Chesapeakei) Genome, Jonathan C. Medina

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The Atlantic Bay Nettle, Chrysaora chesapeakei, is a Scyphozoan found commonly in the bays and brackish waters of estuaries of the eastern United States. Research has shown that there has been a significant increase in jellyfish populations over the past decade, likely the result of factors such as global climate change, eutrophication, overfishing, and the explosive growth of hardened surfaces for polyp attachment.

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that are widespread and conserved throughout the biological world. Although TEs often comprise a large portion of eukaryotic genomes, their exact function is uncertain but they may provide a mechanism …

Green Tea Polyphenol Egcg-S As An Antimicrobial Agent, Theresa Renee Aponte

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

In recent years, a growing concern in the medical field has been the ability to treat infectious diseases. The microorganisms that cause these diseases have developed invasive mechanisms that elude possible treatments and increase their virulence. Some virulent factors that have been observed in microorganisms are biofilm and endospore formation. Development of new antimicrobial agents are needed to combat these microorganisms.

Green tea from the leaves of Camellia sinensis, has many health benefits, such as anti-bacterial, anti-spore, anti-cariogenic and anti-viral properties. Epigallocatechin-3- gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant catechin and contributes to these effects. Due to the instability of EGCG, …

The Role Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi In Urban Brownfield Soils, Jennifer Rosalia Balacco

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

AMF are symbionts to a majority of terrestrial plants and can improve plant nutrient uptake, water relations, and stress tolerance. This study evaluated the effects of AMF in heavy metal contaminated soils via a growth chamber experiment to determine the interactions between soil and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affecting plant growth. Rye grass was grown in two contaminated soils from Liberty State Park, an urban brownfield, and one non-contaminated commercial soil, to which half of the treatments received AMF inoculum. Dried plant biomass, root:shoot ratio, and soil phosphatase activity were measured at the completion of the experiment. Soil contamination was …

The Study And Analysis Of Historic Allegheny Woodrat (Neotoma Magister) Sites, Elizabeth Grietzer

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) once ranged throughout most of the eastern United States, however in recent years their populations have experienced dramatic declines. Several mutually inclusive hypotheses may explain the decline of the woodrat populations, including habitat fragmentation and disturbance, decreased food availability, and increased exposure to the deadly raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis). Select historic locations were evaluated for habitat characteristics, the prevalence of raccoon roundworm and the presence of predators and competitors, in order to evaluate the impacts of each of the three hypotheses. The results indicated that raccoon roundworm and decreased hard mast availability are the main drivers …

Behavioral Response Of Adult And Larval Wood Frogs (Lithobates Sylvaticus) To A Common Road De-Icer, Nacl, Dylan Jones

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Amphibians are highly vulnerable to aquatic pollutants. Due to the permeability of their skin and their aquatic larval stages, pollutants are easily absorbed into the body, which can have adverse effects on performance, survival, and fitness. This has prompted research on how environmental pollutants affect amphibian populations, especially road deicers such as sodium chloride (NaCl). Elevated NaCl can have a negative physiological impact on both adult and larval stages of amphibians, leading to reduced breeding success, morphological abnormalities, and even mortality. However, less is known about the behavioral responses of adults and especially larval amphibians to increased environmental salinity. Earlier …

A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Extinct And Extant Pan-Alcidae (Charadriiformes: Aves), Alexandria A. Digiacomo

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Pan-Alcidae is a clade of birds consisting of the crown-clade Alcidae and the extinct Mancallinae. They include 24 extant species, 1 recently extinct species, and a fossil record extending as far back as the Eocene. All extinct and extant Pan-alcid diversity exhibit an exclusively Holarctic distribution with the majority of extant diversity found in the Pacific. The relationships of the Pan-Alcidae have been a long-standing subject of debate. Early systematic hypotheses placed Pan-Alcidae as close relatives of various water birds, however modern phylogenetic hypotheses have supported their placement within Charadriiformes. Their exact placement within Charadriiformes has yielded multiple hypotheses with …

Novel Bryophyte Auxin Conjugate Amidohydrolases From Physcomitrella Patens And Marchantia Polymorpha And Their Role In The Evolution Of Auxin Metabolism, Stephanie Lyn Kurdach

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) was the first phytohormone to be discovered, and today is still regarded as one of the most widely understood plant hormones. Auxin has the ability to stimulate, promote, delay, or inhibit many of a plant’s physiological processes. The concentration of the hormone within in a plant is critical; low concentrations of IAA positively impact plants’ physiological processes, but high concentrations of IAA are inhibitory and toxic to plants. For this reason, auxin metabolism must be tightly regulated. Plants can regulate their endogenous concentration of auxin via conjugation to sugars, amino acids, or peptides. Indole-3-acetic acid is active …

A Population Characterization Of Allegheny Woodrats (Neotoma Magister) In The Hudson River Palisades Of New Jersey, Amanda Menasion

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) are an endangered species within New Jersey, with a limited number of individuals found within one small area of suitable habitat along the Hudson River Palisades. There are very little detailed datum on the number of woodrats living at this location, however new conservation measures are being instituted to sustain this last remaining population in New Jersey. To gather additional data on the extent of the population of woodrats at this location, wildlife camera monitoring was conducted in two-week intervals at 10 separate locations that appeared to have satisfactory habitat for the woodrats but had not …

Increased Levels Of Oxidative Stress In Human Fibroblast Lung Cell Cultures And The Loss Of Mitochonndrial Function Due To Exposure To Particulate Matter From September 11, 2001, Lara Seder

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Not only did over 2,753 individuals perish on the morning of September 11, 2001, many have suffered from mental and physical illnesses ever since. Thousands of individuals experienced breathing complications, asthma and lung cancer. Clinical trials on cancer, including a patient who was exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) dust, have seen a decrease in the progression of tumor growth with the use of oral nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). NADH is naturally occurring within a cell’s mitochondria and aids in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy of the cell. NADH is an anti-aging, energy enhancing substance that …

The Expression Of Icer Under The Control Of The Ovarian Cyp19a1 Promoter In Zebrafish Ovaries Danio Rerio, James Reilly

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Infertility, according to the World Health Organization, is defined as the failure to conceive after twelve months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. A recent study measuring the prevalence of female infertility estimated that 48.5 million women were affected globally (World Health Organization). To even begin to understand infertility is a colossal undertaking. Before we can hope to cure this disorder in humans we must first understand its pathogenesis in animal models. For this purpose, a study will be undertaken in zebrafish, Danio rerio, a popular model organism for reproductive studies (Segner, 2009). Based on a previous study in mouse models …

Establishing A Method To Detect Fragile X Cgg Repeats Within The Fmr1 Gene Of Embryo Trophectoderm Biopsies, Jenna Bedard

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is an X-linked disorder characterized by a CGG trinucleotide repeat located within the 5’ untranslated region of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 gene (FMR1). The FMR1 gene is further categorized into classifications of protein function such as normal, intermediate, premutation or full mutation depending on the number of CGG repeats present²³. A normal FMR1 gene exhibits anywhere between 5 and 44 repeats. An allele in intermediate range displays 45-54 repeats. A premutation allele occurs when 55-200 CGG repeats are present and levels of the FMR1 gene product, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) …

Stochastic Event Alters Gelatinous Zooplankton Community Structure: Impacts Of Hurricane Sandy In A Mid-Atlantic Estuary, Paul Bologna, John Gaynor, Robert Meredith, Dena Restaino, Christie Barry

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Climate change has increased hurricane activity and intensity, leading to greater destructive forces impacting coastal communities. Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, USA, is a shallow Mid-Atlantic estuary with considerable anthropogenic development which shows vulnerability to elevated storm surges and coastal flooding. Gelatinous zooplankton were sampled monthly in the summer prior to Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, with the community dominated by 2 species, Chrysaora quinquecirrha and Mnemiopsis leidyi. These 2 species showed inverse distributions, with C. quinquecirrha dominating in the northern, lower-salinity region and M. leidyi abundant in the southern, high-salinity region of the estuary, with significant top-down control of M. …

A Protocol For Custom Crispr Cas9 Donor Vector Construction To Truncate Genes In Mammalian Cells Using Pcdna3 Backbone, Neftali Vazquez, Lilia Sanchez, Rebecca Marks, Eduardo Martinez, Victor Fanniel, Alma Lopez, Andrea Salinas, Itzel Flores, Jesse Hirschmann, Robert Gilkerson, Erin Schuenzel, Robert Dearth, Reginald Halaby, Wendy Innis-Whitehouse, Megan Keniry

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) RNA-guided adaptive immune systems are found in prokaryotes to defend cells from foreign DNA. CRISPR Cas9 systems have been modified and employed as genome editing tools in wide ranging organisms. Here, we provide a detailed protocol to truncate genes in mammalian cells using CRISPR Cas9 editing. We describe custom donor vector construction using Gibson assembly with the commonly utilized pcDNA3 vector as the backbone. Results: We describe a step-by-step method to truncate genes of interest in mammalian cell lines using custom-made donor vectors. Our method employs 2 guide RNAs, mutant Cas9D10A nickase …

Complete Genome Sequences Of 44 Arthrobacter Phages, Karen K. Klyczek, Deborah Jacobs-Sera, Tamarah L. Adair, Sandra D. Adams, Sarah L. Ball, Robert C. Benjamin, J. Alfred Bonilla, Caroline A. Breitenberger, Charles J. Daniels, Bobby L. Gaffney, Melinda Harrison, Lee E. Hughes, Rodney A. King, Gregory P. Krukonis, A. Javier Lopez, Kirsten Monsen-Collar, Marie C. Pizzorno, Claire A. Rinehart, Amanda K. Staples, Emily L. Stowe, Rebecca A. Garlena, Daniel A. Russell, Steven G. Cresawn, Welkin H. Pope, Graham F. Hatfull

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

We report here the complete genome sequences of 44 phages infecting Arthrobacter sp. strain ATCC 21022. These phages have double-stranded DNA genomes with sizes ranging from 15,680 to 70,707 bp and G+C contents from 45.1% to 68.5%. All three tail types (belonging to the families Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, and Podoviridae) are represented.