Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Biology Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Missouri University of Science and Technology

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type

Articles 121 - 150 of 395

Full-Text Articles in Biology

Overcoming Stress, Hunger, And Pain: Cocaineand Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide's Promise, Willis K. Samson, Daniela Salvemini, Gina L.C. Yosten Aug 2021

Overcoming Stress, Hunger, And Pain: Cocaineand Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide's Promise, Willis K. Samson, Daniela Salvemini, Gina L.C. Yosten

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript encodes an eponymous peptide, CARTp, which exerts diverse pharmacologic actions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in several endocrine organs, including pancreas. Here we review those diverse actions, the physiological relevance of which had remained unestablished until recently. With the identification of a CARTp receptor, GPR160, the physiologic importance and therapeutic potential of CARTp or analogs are being revealed. Not only is the CARTp-GPR160 interaction essential for the circadian regulation of appetite and thirst but also for the transmission of nerve injury-induced pain. Molecular approaches now are uncovering additional physiologically relevant actions, …

Go to article

A Kinetic Model For Blood Biomarker Levels After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Sima Azizi, Daniel B. Hier, Blaine Allen, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi, Gayla R. Olbricht, Matthew S. Thimgan, Donald C. Wunsch Jul 2021

A Kinetic Model For Blood Biomarker Levels After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Sima Azizi, Daniel B. Hier, Blaine Allen, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi, Gayla R. Olbricht, Matthew S. Thimgan, Donald C. Wunsch

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) imposes a significant economic and social burden. The diagnosis and prognosis of mild TBI, also called concussion, is challenging. Concussions are common among contact sport athletes. After a blow to the head, it is often difficult to determine who has had a concussion, who should be withheld from play, if a concussed athlete is ready to return to the field, and which concussed athlete will develop a post-concussion syndrome. Biomarkers can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood after traumatic brain injury and their levels may have prognostic value. Despite significant investigation, questions remain as …

Go to article

An American Physiological Society Cross-Journal Call For Papers On “Inter-Organ Communication In Homeostasis And Disease”, Sue C. Bodine, Heddwen L. Brooks, Nigel W. Bunnett, Hilary A. Coller, Mark R. Frey, Bina Joe, Thomas R. Kleyman, Merry L. Lindsey, Andre Marette, Rory E. Morty, Jan Marino Ramírez, Morten B. Thomsen, Gina L.C. Yosten Jul 2021

An American Physiological Society Cross-Journal Call For Papers On “Inter-Organ Communication In Homeostasis And Disease”, Sue C. Bodine, Heddwen L. Brooks, Nigel W. Bunnett, Hilary A. Coller, Mark R. Frey, Bina Joe, Thomas R. Kleyman, Merry L. Lindsey, Andre Marette, Rory E. Morty, Jan Marino Ramírez, Morten B. Thomsen, Gina L.C. Yosten

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Tuning Polymorphs And Morphology Of Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate: Controlling Factors And Underlying Mechanisms, Maryam Khanjani, David J. Westenberg, Aditya Kumar, Hongyan Ma May 2021

Tuning Polymorphs And Morphology Of Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate: Controlling Factors And Underlying Mechanisms, Maryam Khanjani, David J. Westenberg, Aditya Kumar, Hongyan Ma

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Microbially precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has drawn broad attention due to its potential applications in various areas, for example, biocementation, medicine, and soil reinforcement. Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii), formerly known as Bacillus pasteurii, has been investigated for CaCO3 biomineralization due to its high ureolytic activity. A high degree of supersaturation with respect to the presence of bacterial cell wall, extracellular polymeric substances, and organic byproducts of bacterial activity plays an important role in the formation and stabilization of CaCO3 polymorphs. Although microbially induced CaCO3 and its polymorphs have been investigated broadly, the …

Go to article

Protein-Protein Interaction Important For Cytokinesis, Bethany Huinker Apr 2021

Protein-Protein Interaction Important For Cytokinesis, Bethany Huinker

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

During cytokinesis a ring containing actin and myosin forms and contracts, pinching the cell into two daughter cells. In budding yeast cells the gene Iqg1 is a gene necessary for proper actin ring formation and contraction. We have shown that Iqg1 interacts with the yeast formin proteins. This project will determine which domains of Iqg1 mediate the protein-protein interactions, which is important to understand the function of the binding between Iqg1 and formins in cytokinesis. We will use a GST pull down assay to study the binding of Iqg1 to the yeast formins Bni1 and Bnr1. We will compare binding …

Go to article

Gender And Ethnicity Bias In Wildland Fire Journals, Elizabeth Feth Apr 2021

Gender And Ethnicity Bias In Wildland Fire Journals, Elizabeth Feth

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Despite numerous efforts to improve both ethnic and gender diversity, STEM continues to be dominated by white men, particularly in field-based and management-driven disciplines of biology. The Association for Fire Ecology and the International Association for Wildland Fire have both formed diversity and inclusion committees since 2010 to examine and promote a more inclusive and balanced field; however, progress in these arenas can be slow. We examined peer reviewer discrimination against women and ethnic minorities in the International Journal of Wildland Fire in papers published from 2010 to 2019 utilizing the number of days in review compared against the total …

Go to article

Mxene-Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Sensing Of Influenza Virus And Sars-Cov-2, Yanxiao Li, Zhekun Peng, Natalie J. Holl, Md Rifat Hassan, John M. Pappas, Congjie Wei, Omid Hoseini Izadi, Yang Wang, Xiangyang Dong, Cheng Wang, Yue-Wern Huang, Donghyun Kim, Chenglin Wu Mar 2021

Mxene-Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Sensing Of Influenza Virus And Sars-Cov-2, Yanxiao Li, Zhekun Peng, Natalie J. Holl, Md Rifat Hassan, John M. Pappas, Congjie Wei, Omid Hoseini Izadi, Yang Wang, Xiangyang Dong, Cheng Wang, Yue-Wern Huang, Donghyun Kim, Chenglin Wu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An MXene-graphene field-effect transistor (FET) sensor for both influenza virus and 2019-nCoV sensing was developed and characterized. The developed sensor combines the high chemical sensitivity of MXene and the continuity of large-area high-quality graphene to form an ultra-sensitive virus-sensing transduction material (VSTM). Through polymer linking, we are able to utilize antibody-antigen binding to achieve electrochemical signal transduction when viruses are deposited onto the VSTM surface. The MXene-graphene VSTM was integrated into a microfluidic channel that can directly receive viruses in solution. The developed sensor was tested with various concentrations of antigens from two viruses: inactivated influenza A (H1N1) HA virus …

Go to article

Signaling In Rat Brainstem Via Gpr160 Is Required For The Anorexigenic And Antidipsogenic Actions Of Cocaine- And Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide, Christopher J. Haddock, Gislaine Almeida-Pereira, Lauren M. Stein, Matthew R. Hayes, Grant R. Kolar, Willis K. Samson, Gina L.C. Yosten Mar 2021

Signaling In Rat Brainstem Via Gpr160 Is Required For The Anorexigenic And Antidipsogenic Actions Of Cocaine- And Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide, Christopher J. Haddock, Gislaine Almeida-Pereira, Lauren M. Stein, Matthew R. Hayes, Grant R. Kolar, Willis K. Samson, Gina L.C. Yosten

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Recent work identified Gpr160 as a candidate receptor for cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) and described its role in pain modulation. The aims of the present study were to determine if Gpr160 is required for the CARTp's ability to reduce food intake and water intake and to initially identify the distribution of Gpr160-like immunoreactivity (Gpr160ir) in the rat brain. A passive immunoneutralization approach targeting Gpr160 was used to block the behavioral effects of a pharmacological dose of CARTp in the fourth cerebroventricle (4V) of rats and to determine the importance of endogenously produced CARTp in the control of ingestive …

Go to article

Regulation Of Atr-Dependent Dna Damage Response By Nitric Oxide, Chay Teng Yeo, Jennifer S. Stancill, Brendon J. Oleson, Jamie K. Schnuck, Joshua D. Stafford, Aaron Naatz, Polly A. Hansen, John A. Corbett Feb 2021

Regulation Of Atr-Dependent Dna Damage Response By Nitric Oxide, Chay Teng Yeo, Jennifer S. Stancill, Brendon J. Oleson, Jamie K. Schnuck, Joshua D. Stafford, Aaron Naatz, Polly A. Hansen, John A. Corbett

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

We have shown that nitric oxide limits ataxia-telangiectasia mutated signaling by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in a β-cell selective manner. In this study, we examined the actions of nitric oxide on a second DNA damage response transducer kinase, ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3- related protein (ATR). In β-cells and non–β-cells, nitric oxide activates ATR signaling by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase; however, when produced at inducible nitric oxide synthase– derived (low micromolar) levels, nitric oxide impairs ATR signaling in a β-cell selective manner. The inhibitory actions of nitric oxide are associated with impaired mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and lack of glycolytic compensation that result in …

Go to article

Blockade Of Erk1/2 Activation With U0126 Or Pep7 Reduces Sodium Appetite And Angiotensin Ii-Induced Pressor Responses In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, G. M.F. Andrade-Franzé, E. D. Pereira, G. L.C. Yosten, W. K. Samson, J. V. Menani, L. A. De Luca, C. A.F. Andrade Feb 2021

Blockade Of Erk1/2 Activation With U0126 Or Pep7 Reduces Sodium Appetite And Angiotensin Ii-Induced Pressor Responses In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, G. M.F. Andrade-Franzé, E. D. Pereira, G. L.C. Yosten, W. K. Samson, J. V. Menani, L. A. De Luca, C. A.F. Andrade

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) have increased daily, or induced sodium intake compared to normotensive rats. In normotensive rats, angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced sodium intake is blocked by the inactivation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, also known as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2 (ERK1/2). Here we investigated if inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway centrally would change sodium appetite and intracerebroventricular (icv) ANG II-induced pressor response in SHRs. SHRs (280−330 g, n = 07–14/group) with stainless steel cannulas implanted in the lateral ventricle (LV) were used. Water and 0.3 M NaCl intake was induced by the treatment with the diuretic furosemide + captopril (angiotensin …

Go to article

A Food Microbiology Classroom Activity To Draw Connections Between Microbes And Students’ Lives, David J. Westenberg, Jonathan Kopel Jan 2021

A Food Microbiology Classroom Activity To Draw Connections Between Microbes And Students’ Lives, David J. Westenberg, Jonathan Kopel

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Fermented foods have been prepared for millennia and every society around the world has traditional fermented foods and/or beverages that are identified with that culture. This is an excellent opportunity to help students draw connections between their everyday lives and the microbial sciences. At the same time, this is also a great way to encourage cultural awareness and acceptance. This manuscript describes an active learning approach used in a general microbiology course to encourage students to learn about fermented foods from around the world and share their discoveries with their colleagues. As a group we also spend time discussing some …

Go to article

A Population Dynamics Tipping Point For Aging As A Cause Of Adult Death, Andrea Scharf Jan 2021

A Population Dynamics Tipping Point For Aging As A Cause Of Adult Death, Andrea Scharf

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Populations are a fundamental level of biological organization that poses major challenges for analysis. Individual traits that influence development, diapause, reproduction, aging, and lifespan interact in complex ways to determine birth and death. Birth and death drive population dynamics and determine whether a population survives or is doomed for extinction. However, we lack a deep understanding of the relationships between individual traits and population dynamics, a major challenge in the emerging field of ecology-development (eco-devo). Here we establish a laboratory ecosystem using the model organism C. elegans and a computational simulation that realistically models the laboratory ecosystem. We used these …

Go to article

The Validation Of Predicted Biological Age Of Drosophila Melanogaster From Combined Statistical Modeling, Lauren Francis Jan 2021

The Validation Of Predicted Biological Age Of Drosophila Melanogaster From Combined Statistical Modeling, Lauren Francis

Masters Theses

"Sleep is essential for maintaining a healthy body and mind and is associated with aging and aging related diseases. There are individual differences in fly as well as human sleep behavior and lifespan. Between and within individuals, sleep varies in characteristics including consolidation, rhythmicity, continuity, duration, and more. Various evidence in the literature suggests there are many molecular pathways involved with aging and they may be different for individuals. Our research is interested in a possible restorative mechanism of sleep and the ramifications of that mechanism to aging. We have developed two predictive models of aging using the fruit fly …

Go to article

In Vitro And In Vivo Response To A Novel Borophosphate Bioactive Glass, Nada Abokefa Jan 2021

In Vitro And In Vivo Response To A Novel Borophosphate Bioactive Glass, Nada Abokefa

Masters Theses

"Bioactive glasses have been widely used in several biomedical and tissue engineering applications since the late 1960s. Numerous families of bioactive glasses have emerged over the years, with each having its own advantage and disadvantage. One concern common to all families is that most bioactive glasses create a basic or acidic environment when degraded and, therefore, are toxic for cells. Recently, there has been an increased interest in borophosphate bioactive glass (BPBGs) because of their neutral pH, release of therapeutic ions, and biodegradable properties. Despite the growing interest, there is little reported on the bioactivity of BPBGs. The biological effects …

Go to article

Predator Scent And Presence Alter Mammal Assemblages In The Missouri Ozarks, Usa, Cara Jean Yocom-Russell Jan 2021

Predator Scent And Presence Alter Mammal Assemblages In The Missouri Ozarks, Usa, Cara Jean Yocom-Russell

Masters Theses

"Species that are vulnerable to predation exhibit a host of behavioral and physiological adaptations toward the avoidance of this outcome: Heightened awareness of surroundings through visual, olfactory, and auditory senses are common ways in which these species avoid detection by predators. While links between direct predator-prey relationships are well established, less is known about how predators can shape overall community structure or the populations of secondary or less frequently consumed prey items. As humans expand into rural areas, the frequency of wildlife conflicts rises. In response, humans look to prevent these events with a variety of methods. One such method …

Go to article

Inhibition Of Oxidative Metabolism By Nitric Oxide Restricts Emcv Replication Selectively In Pancreatic Beta-Cells, Joshua D. Stafford, Chay Teng Yeo, John A. Corbett Dec 2020

Inhibition Of Oxidative Metabolism By Nitric Oxide Restricts Emcv Replication Selectively In Pancreatic Beta-Cells, Joshua D. Stafford, Chay Teng Yeo, John A. Corbett

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Environmental factors, such as viral infection, are proposed to play a role in the initiation of autoimmune diabetes. In response to encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection, resident islet macrophages release the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1b, to levels that are sufficient to stimulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and production of micromolar levels of the free radical nitric oxide in neighboring b-cells. We have recently shown that nitric oxide inhibits EMCV replication and EMCV-mediated b-cell lysis and that this protection is associated with an inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Here we show that the protective actions of nitric oxide against EMCV infection …

Go to article

Polyrad -- Protection Against Free Radical Damage, Hannah Kim, Yin Tse, Andrew Webb, Ethan Mudd, Muhammad Raisul Abedin, Melanie R. Mormile, Subhadeep Dutta, Kaushal Rege, Sutapa Barua Dec 2020

Polyrad -- Protection Against Free Radical Damage, Hannah Kim, Yin Tse, Andrew Webb, Ethan Mudd, Muhammad Raisul Abedin, Melanie R. Mormile, Subhadeep Dutta, Kaushal Rege, Sutapa Barua

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effects of elevated levels of radiation contribute to the instability of pharmaceutical formulations in space compared to those on earth. Existing technologies are ineffective at maintaining the therapeutic efficacies of drugs in space. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel space-hardy formulations for preserving the stability and efficacy of drug formulations. This work aims to develop a novel approach for the protection of space pharmaceutical drug molecules from the radiation-induced damage to help extend or at least preserve their structural integrity and potency. To achieve this, free radical scavenging antioxidant, Trolox was conjugated on the surface of …

Go to article

Modeling The Load Of Sars-Cov-2 Virus In Human Expelled Particles During Coughing And Speaking, Yang Wang, Guang Xu, Yue-Wern Huang Oct 2020

Modeling The Load Of Sars-Cov-2 Virus In Human Expelled Particles During Coughing And Speaking, Yang Wang, Guang Xu, Yue-Wern Huang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Particle size is an essential factor when considering the fate and transport of virus-containing droplets expelled by human, because it determines the deposition pattern in the human respiratory system and the evolution of droplets by evaporation and gravitational settling. However, the evolution of virus-containing droplets and the size-dependent viral load have not been studied in detail. The lack of this information leads to uncertainties in understanding the airborne transmission of respiratory diseases, such as the COVID-19. In this study, through a set of differential equations describing the evolution of respiratory droplets and by using the SARS-CoV-2 virus as an example, …

Go to article

Inhibition Of Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism Attenuates Emcv Replication And Protects B-Cells From Virally Mediated Lysis, Joshua D. Stafford, Zachary R. Shaheen, Chay Teng Yeo, John A. Corbett Sep 2020

Inhibition Of Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism Attenuates Emcv Replication And Protects B-Cells From Virally Mediated Lysis, Joshua D. Stafford, Zachary R. Shaheen, Chay Teng Yeo, John A. Corbett

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Viral infection is one environmental factor that may contribute to the initiation of pancreatic b-cell destruction during the development of autoimmune diabetes. Picornaviruses, such as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), induce a pro-inflammatory response in islets leading to local production of cytokines, such as IL-1, by resident islet leukocytes. Furthermore, IL-1 is known to stimulate b-cell expression of iNOS and production of the free radical nitric oxide. The purpose of this study was to determine whether nitric oxide contributes to the b-cell response to viral infection. We show that nitric oxide protects b-cells against virally mediated lysis by limiting EMCV replication. This …

Go to article

On Edge Computing For Remote Pathology Consultations And Computations, Alessio Sacco, Flavio Esposito, Guido Marchetto, Grant Kolar, Kate Schwetye Sep 2020

On Edge Computing For Remote Pathology Consultations And Computations, Alessio Sacco, Flavio Esposito, Guido Marchetto, Grant Kolar, Kate Schwetye

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Telepathology aims to replace the pathology operations performed on-site, but current systems are limited by their prohibitive cost, or by the adopted underlying technologies. In this work, we contribute to overcoming these limitations by bringing the recent advances of edge computing to reduce latency and increase local computation abilities to the pathology ecosystem. In particular, this paper presents LiveMicro, a system whose benefit is twofold: on one hand, it enables edge computing driven digital pathology computations, such as data-driven image processing on a live capture of the microscope. On the other hand, our system allows remote pathologists to diagnosis in …

Go to article

Student Preclass Preparation By Both Reading The Textbook And Watching Videos Online Improves Exam Performance In A Partially Flipped Course, Kaleb Bassett, Gayla R. Olbricht, Katie Shannon Sep 2020

Student Preclass Preparation By Both Reading The Textbook And Watching Videos Online Improves Exam Performance In A Partially Flipped Course, Kaleb Bassett, Gayla R. Olbricht, Katie Shannon

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The flipped classroom has the potential to improve student performance. Because flipping involves both preclass preparation and problem solving in the classroom, the means by which increased learning occurs and whether the method of delivering content matters is of interest. In a partially flipped cell biology course, students were assigned online videos before the flipped class and textbook reading before lectures. Low-stakes assessments were used to incentivize both types of preclass preparation. We hypothesized that more students would watch the videos than read the textbook and that both types of preparation would positively affect exam performance. A multiple linear regression …

Go to article

Ajp-Regulatory, Integrative And Comparative Physiology: Looking Toward The Future, Gina L.C. Yosten Jul 2020

Ajp-Regulatory, Integrative And Comparative Physiology: Looking Toward The Future, Gina L.C. Yosten

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Go to article

A Novel Regulator Of Thirst Behavior: Phoenixin, Christopher J. Haddock, Gislaine Almeida-Pereira, Lauren M. Stein, Gina L.C. Yosten, Willis K. Samson May 2020

A Novel Regulator Of Thirst Behavior: Phoenixin, Christopher J. Haddock, Gislaine Almeida-Pereira, Lauren M. Stein, Gina L.C. Yosten, Willis K. Samson

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

A novel regulator of thirst behavior: phoenixin. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 318: R1027-R1035, 2020. First published April 15, 2020; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00023.2020.-There are examples of physiological conditions under which thirst is inappropriately exaggerated, and the mechanisms for these paradoxical ingestive behaviors remain unknown. We are interested in thirst mechanisms across the female life cycle and have identified a novel mechanism through which ingestive behavior may be activated. We discovered a previously unrecognized endogenous hypothalamic peptide, phoenixin (PNX), identified physiologically relevant actions of the peptide in brain and pituitary gland to control reproductive hormone secretion in female rodents, and in …

Go to article

Gpr160 De-Orphanization Reveals Critical Roles In Neuropathic Pain In Rodents, Gina L.C. Yosten, Caron M. Harada, Chris Haddock, Luigino Antonio Giancotti, Grant R. Kolar, Ryan Patel, Chun Guo, Zhoumou Chen, Jinsong Zhang, Timothy M. Doyle, Anthony H. Dickenson, Willis K. Samson, Daniela Salvemini May 2020

Gpr160 De-Orphanization Reveals Critical Roles In Neuropathic Pain In Rodents, Gina L.C. Yosten, Caron M. Harada, Chris Haddock, Luigino Antonio Giancotti, Grant R. Kolar, Ryan Patel, Chun Guo, Zhoumou Chen, Jinsong Zhang, Timothy M. Doyle, Anthony H. Dickenson, Willis K. Samson, Daniela Salvemini

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Treating neuropathic pain is challenging and novel non-opioid-based medicines are needed. Using unbiased receptomics, transcriptomic analyses, immunofluorescence, and in situ hybridization, we found that the expression of the orphan GPCR Gpr160 and GPR160 increased in the rodent dorsal horn of the spinal cord following traumatic nerve injury. Genetic and immunopharmacological approaches demonstrated that GPR160 inhibition in the spinal cord prevented and reversed neuropathic pain in male and female rodents without altering normal pain response. GPR160 inhibition in the spinal cord attenuated sensory processing in the thalamus, a key relay in the sensory discriminative pathways of pain. We also identified cocaine- …

Go to article

Characterization Of The Is200/Is605 Insertion Sequence Family In Halanaerobium Hydrogeniformans, Michael Sadler, Melanie R. Mormile, Ronald L. Frank May 2020

Characterization Of The Is200/Is605 Insertion Sequence Family In Halanaerobium Hydrogeniformans, Michael Sadler, Melanie R. Mormile, Ronald L. Frank

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Mobile DNA elements play a significant evolutionary role by promoting genome plasticity. Insertion sequences are the smallest prokaryotic transposable elements. They are highly diverse elements, and the ability to accurately identify, annotate, and infer the full genomic impact of insertion sequences is lacking. Halanaerobium hydrogeniformans is a haloalkaliphilic bacterium with an abnormally high number of insertion sequences. One family, IS200/IS605, showed several interesting features distinct from other elements in this genome. Twenty-three loci harbor elements of this family in varying stages of decay, from nearly intact to an ends-only sequence. The loci were characterized with respect to two divergent open …

Go to article

3d-Printed Biomimetic Bioactive Glass Scaffolds For Bone Regeneration In Rat Calvarial Defects, Krishna C. R. Kolan, Yue-Wern Huang, Julie A. Semon, Ming-Chuan Leu Apr 2020

3d-Printed Biomimetic Bioactive Glass Scaffolds For Bone Regeneration In Rat Calvarial Defects, Krishna C. R. Kolan, Yue-Wern Huang, Julie A. Semon, Ming-Chuan Leu

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

The pore geometry of scaffold intended for the use in the bone repair or replacement is one of the most important parameters in bone tissue engineering. It affects not only the mechanical properties of the scaffold but also the amount of bone regeneration after implantation. Scaffolds with five different architectures (cubic, spherical, x, gyroid, and diamond) at different porosities were fabricated with bioactive borate glass using the selective laser sintering (SLS) process. The compressive strength of scaffolds with porosities ranging from 60% to 30% varied from 1.7 to 15.5 MPa. The scaffold's compressive strength decreased significantly (up to 90%) after …

Go to article

Cytotoxicity Of Nio And Ni(Oh)₂ Nanoparticles Is Mediated By Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death And Suppression Of Cell Proliferation, Melissa H. Cambre, Natalie J. Holl, Yue-Wern Huang, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website. Apr 2020

Cytotoxicity Of Nio And Ni(Oh)₂ Nanoparticles Is Mediated By Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death And Suppression Of Cell Proliferation, Melissa H. Cambre, Natalie J. Holl, Yue-Wern Huang, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

The use of nanomaterial-based products continues to grow with advancing technology. Understanding the potential toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) is important to ensure that products containing them do not impose harmful effects to human or environmental health. In this study, we evaluated the comparative cytotoxicity between nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) in human bronchoalveolar carcinoma (A549) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. Cellular viability studies revealed cell line-specific cytotoxicity in which nickel NPs were toxic to A549 cells but relatively nontoxic to HepG2 cells. Time-, concentration-, and particle-specific cytotoxicity was observed in A549 cells. NP-induced oxidative …

Go to article

Differential Cytotoxicity Induced By Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Is A Function Of Cell Killing And Suppression Of Cell Proliferation, Larry M. Tolliver, Natalie J. Holl, Fang Yao Stephen Hou, Han-Jung Lee, Melissa H. Cambre, Yue-Wern Huang Mar 2020

Differential Cytotoxicity Induced By Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Is A Function Of Cell Killing And Suppression Of Cell Proliferation, Larry M. Tolliver, Natalie J. Holl, Fang Yao Stephen Hou, Han-Jung Lee, Melissa H. Cambre, Yue-Wern Huang

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in industry is on the rise, along with the potential for human exposure. While the toxicity of microscale equivalents has been studied, nanoscale materials exhibit different properties and bodily uptake, which limits the prediction ability of microscale models. Here, we examine the cytotoxicity of seven transition metal oxide NPs in the fourth period of the periodic table of the chemical elements. We hypothesized that NP-mediated cytotoxicity is a function of cell killing and suppression of cell proliferation. To test our hypothesis, transition metal oxide NPs were tested in a human lung cancer cell model (A549). …

Go to article

The 2019 New Investigator Review Award Announcement, Willis K. Samson, Jason R. Carter, Gina L.C. Yosten Feb 2020

The 2019 New Investigator Review Award Announcement, Willis K. Samson, Jason R. Carter, Gina L.C. Yosten

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Location Of Sensing Determines The Pancreatic Β-Cell Response To The Viral Mimetic Dsrna, Zachary R. Shaheen, Joshua D. Stafford, Michael G. Voss, Bryndon J. Oleson, Jennifer S. Stancill, John A. Corbett Jan 2020

The Location Of Sensing Determines The Pancreatic Β-Cell Response To The Viral Mimetic Dsrna, Zachary R. Shaheen, Joshua D. Stafford, Michael G. Voss, Bryndon J. Oleson, Jennifer S. Stancill, John A. Corbett

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Viral infection is an environmental trigger that has been suggested to initiate pancreatic β-cell damage, leading to the development of autoimmune diabetes. Viruses potently activate the immune system and can damage β-cells by either directly infecting them or stimulating the production of secondary effector molecules (such as proinflammatory cytokines) during bystander activation. However, how and where β-cells recognize viruses is unclear, and the antiviral responses that are initiated following virus recognition are incompletely understood. In this study, we show that the β-cell response to dsRNA, a viral replication intermediate known to activate antiviral responses, is determined by the cellular location …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last