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Articles 391 - 420 of 506
Full-Text Articles in Biology
The Effects Of Drought On Foraging Habitat Selection Of Breeding Wood Storks In Coastal Georgia, Karen F. Gaines, A. Lawrence Bryan Jr., Philip M. Dixon
The Effects Of Drought On Foraging Habitat Selection Of Breeding Wood Storks In Coastal Georgia, Karen F. Gaines, A. Lawrence Bryan Jr., Philip M. Dixon
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Foraging habitat use by Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) during the breeding season was studied for three coastal colonies during a drought year and compared to habitat use during normal rainfall years. Information on the distribution of wetland habitat types was derived using U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetland In- ventory (NWI) data within a Geographic Information System (GIS). Foraging locations were obtained by following storks from their colonies in a fixed-winged aircraft. Differences in hydrologic condition and, the resulting prey availability in coastal zone freshwater wetlands greatly affected foraging habitat use and breeding success of the three stork colonies. …
Season And Distance From Forest - Old Field Edge Affect Seed Predation By White-Footed Mice, Scott J. Meiners, James T. Mccormick
Season And Distance From Forest - Old Field Edge Affect Seed Predation By White-Footed Mice, Scott J. Meiners, James T. Mccormick
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
We studied the spatial pattern of seed predation across a forest-old field edge in both fall and winter to assess the potential for seed predators to influence plant spatial patterns. We used a 100 x 100 m grid that began 30 m inside the forest and extended 60 m into the old field. Inside this grid we placed seed stations at regular 10 m intervals and monitored seed removal. Seed predation varied significantly across the edge gradient in both fall and winter with the highest rate of seed removal at the edge in both trials. The spatial pattern of seed …
Metals And Metallothionein In The Liver Of Raccoons: Utility For Environmental Assessment And Monitoring, Joanna Burger, Christine G. Lord, Edward J. Yurkow, Lynn Mcgrath, Karen F. Gaines, I. Lehr Brisbin Jr., Michael Gochfeld
Metals And Metallothionein In The Liver Of Raccoons: Utility For Environmental Assessment And Monitoring, Joanna Burger, Christine G. Lord, Edward J. Yurkow, Lynn Mcgrath, Karen F. Gaines, I. Lehr Brisbin Jr., Michael Gochfeld
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
The relationship between metallothionein levels and concentrations of several metals and radionuclides was examined in liver tissues of raccoons (Procyon lotor, n = 47) from the Department of Energy’s Savannah River Site in South Carolina to determine the applicability of metallothioneins as an initial screening device for exposure assessment in free-living mammals and environmental monitoring. Using a fluorescent marker and a cell sorter to measure metallothionein, a significant positive correlation was found across animals between levels of metallothioneins and concentrations of selenium (Pearson’s r = .30) , mercury (Pearson’s r = .31) , and copper (Pearson’s r = .30) in …
Predation Rates On Real And Artificial Nests Of Grassland Birds, William B. Davison, Eric K. Bollinger
Predation Rates On Real And Artificial Nests Of Grassland Birds, William B. Davison, Eric K. Bollinger
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
We estimated nesting success at real and artificial nests of grassland birds to test the influence of nest type, nest position, and egg size on predation rates. We distributed wicker nests and realistic woven-grass nests baited with a clay egg and either a Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) egg or a House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) egg in four grasslands that were part of the Conservation Reserve Program in east-central Illinois. Nesting success averaged 86.5% for 12 days of exposure for artificial nests. For real nests, nesting success was markedly lower, averaging 39% over the entire nesting cycle and 59% during approximately …
Binding Of Urate And Caffeine To Hemocyanin Of The Lobster Homarus Vulgaris (E.) As Studied By Isothermal Titration Calorimetry †, Michael A. Menze, Nadja Hellmann, Heinz Decker, Manfred K. Grieshaber
Binding Of Urate And Caffeine To Hemocyanin Of The Lobster Homarus Vulgaris (E.) As Studied By Isothermal Titration Calorimetry †, Michael A. Menze, Nadja Hellmann, Heinz Decker, Manfred K. Grieshaber
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Hemocyanin serves as an oxygen carrier in the hemolymph of the European lobster Homarus Vulgaris. The oxygen binding behavior of the pigment is modulated by metabolic effectors such as lactate and urate. Urate and caffeine binding to 12-meric hemocyanin (H. Vulgaris) was studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Binding isotherms were determined for fully oxygenated hemocyanin between pH 7.55 and 8.15. No pH dependence of the binding parameters could be found for either effector. Since the magnitude of the Bohr effect depends on the urate concentration, the absence of any pH dependence of urate and caffeine binding to oxygenated hemocyanin …
Foraging Ecology Of The Endangered Wood Stork Recorded In The Stable Isotope Signature Of Feathers, Christopher S. Romanek, Karen F. Gaines, A. L. Bryan Jr., I. L. Brisbin Jr.
Foraging Ecology Of The Endangered Wood Stork Recorded In The Stable Isotope Signature Of Feathers, Christopher S. Romanek, Karen F. Gaines, A. L. Bryan Jr., I. L. Brisbin Jr.
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Down feathers and regurgitant were collected from nestling wood storks (Mycteria americana) from two inland and two coastal breeding colonies in Georgia. The stable isotopic ratios of carbon ( 13 C/12 C) and nitrogen ( 15N/ 14N) in these materials were analyzed to gain insights into the natal origins of juvenile storks and the foraging activities of adults. Down feathers differed in δ 13 C between inland and coastal colonies, having average isotopic values that reflected the sources of carbon fixed in biomass at the base of the food web. Feathers from the inland colonies differed between colonies in δ …
Sagina (Caryophyllaceae) In Illinois: An Update, Gordon C. Tucker
Sagina (Caryophyllaceae) In Illinois: An Update, Gordon C. Tucker
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
No abstract provided.
Sagina (Caryophyllaceae) In Illinois: An Update, Gordon Tucker
Sagina (Caryophyllaceae) In Illinois: An Update, Gordon Tucker
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
No abstract provided.
Predation Rates On Real And Artificial Nests Of Grassland Birds, William Davison, Eric Bollinger
Predation Rates On Real And Artificial Nests Of Grassland Birds, William Davison, Eric Bollinger
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
We estimated nesting success at real and artificial nests of grassland birds to test the influence of nest type, nest position, and egg size on predation rates. We distributed wicker nests and realistic woven-grass nests baited with a clay egg and either a Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) egg or a House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) egg in four grasslands that were part of the Conservation Reserve Program in east-central Illinois. Nesting success averaged 86.5% for 12 days of exposure for artificial nests. For real nests, nesting success was markedly lower, averaging 39% over the entire nesting cycle and 59% during approximately …
Season And Distance From Forest - Old Field Edge Affect Seed Predation By White-Footed Mice, Scott Meiners, James Mccormick
Season And Distance From Forest - Old Field Edge Affect Seed Predation By White-Footed Mice, Scott Meiners, James Mccormick
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
We studied the spatial pattern of seed predation across a forest-old field edge in both fall and winter to assess the potential for seed predators to influence plant spatial patterns. We used a 100 x 100 m grid that began 30 m inside the forest and extended 60 m into the old field. Inside this grid we placed seed stations at regular 10 m intervals and monitored seed removal. Seed predation varied significantly across the edge gradient in both fall and winter with the highest rate of seed removal at the edge in both trials. The spatial pattern of seed …
Reproduction Partitioning In Polygyne Nests Of The Yellowjacket Vespula Squamosa, Stephanie A. Stewart
Reproduction Partitioning In Polygyne Nests Of The Yellowjacket Vespula Squamosa, Stephanie A. Stewart
Masters Theses
No abstract provided.
Attitudes And Perceptions About Ecological Resources And Hazards Of People Living Around The Savannah River Site, Joanna Burger, Jessica Sanchez, J. Whitfield Gibbons, Jeanine Ondrof, Robert Ramos, Michael J. Mcmahon, Karen F. Gaines, Christine Lord, Marie Fullmer, Michael Gochfeld
Attitudes And Perceptions About Ecological Resources And Hazards Of People Living Around The Savannah River Site, Joanna Burger, Jessica Sanchez, J. Whitfield Gibbons, Jeanine Ondrof, Robert Ramos, Michael J. Mcmahon, Karen F. Gaines, Christine Lord, Marie Fullmer, Michael Gochfeld
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Although considerable attention is devoted to environmental monitoring and assessment with respect to both pollutants and the status of particular plant or animal populations, less attention is devoted to assessing people's attitudes about the relative importance of ecological resources. In this paper we examine the attitudes and perceptions about ecological resources of people living around the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), in South Carolina. Our overall hypothesis is that people who are directly affected by the possible outcomes and consequences of a particular hazard (i.e., those people employed at SRS) will undervalue the risks and overvalue the potential …
Epistasis, Henry R. Owen
Rejection Of Cowbird Eggs By Mourning Doves: A Manifestation Of Nest Usurpation? Brian D. Peer And Eric K. Bollinger, Eric Bollinger, Brian Peer
Rejection Of Cowbird Eggs By Mourning Doves: A Manifestation Of Nest Usurpation? Brian D. Peer And Eric K. Bollinger, Eric Bollinger, Brian Peer
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
This article was printed in The Auk, Volume 115, No.4 (1998).
Rejection Of Cowbird Eggs By Mourning Doves: A Manifestation Of Nest Usurpation? Brian D. Peer And Eric K. Bollinger, Eric K. Bollinger, Brian D. Peer
Rejection Of Cowbird Eggs By Mourning Doves: A Manifestation Of Nest Usurpation? Brian D. Peer And Eric K. Bollinger, Eric K. Bollinger, Brian D. Peer
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
This article was printed in The Auk, Volume 115, No.4 (1998).
Effects Of Distance To Juniperus Virginiana On The Establishment Of Fraxinus And Acer Seedlings In Old Fields, Scott J. Meiners, David L. Gorchov
Effects Of Distance To Juniperus Virginiana On The Establishment Of Fraxinus And Acer Seedlings In Old Fields, Scott J. Meiners, David L. Gorchov
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
It has been hypothesized that Juniperus virginiana facilitates tree seedling establishment in secondary succession. To test this hypothesis, we sampled four old fields in southwestern Ohio and monitored experimentally planted seeds and seedlings of Acer saccharum and Fraxinus americana for two years. Seeds and seedlings were placed into herbivore exclosures placed 0.3 and 3.0 m from J virginiana trees in an old field in Ohio. We found a significant positive spatial association between juniperus virginiana and tree seedling densities in all four old fields. Soil temperature, soil moisture, evaporative demand and light level in the 0.3 m treatment were significantly …
Effects Of Distance To Juniperus Virginiana On The Establishment Of Fraxinus And Acer Seedlings In Old Fields, Scott Meiners, David Gorchov
Effects Of Distance To Juniperus Virginiana On The Establishment Of Fraxinus And Acer Seedlings In Old Fields, Scott Meiners, David Gorchov
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
It has been hypothesized that Juniperus virginiana facilitates tree seedling establishment in secondary succession. To test this hypothesis, we sampled four old fields in southwestern Ohio and monitored experimentally planted seeds and seedlings of Acer saccharum and Fraxinus americana for two years. Seeds and seedlings were placed into herbivore exclosures placed 0.3 and 3.0 m from J virginiana trees in an old field in Ohio. We found a significant positive spatial association between juniperus virginiana and tree seedling densities in all four old fields. Soil temperature, soil moisture, evaporative demand and light level in the 0.3 m treatment were significantly …
Reproductive Demographics And Early Life History Of The Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Platorynchus), Robert E. Colombo
Reproductive Demographics And Early Life History Of The Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Platorynchus), Robert E. Colombo
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Due to the collapse of the historic caviar fisheries in the Volga River and Caspian Sea, the demand on domestically produced caviar has increased. To supply the increased demand, the harvest of the shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus latorynchus has increased. Because caviar fisheries preferentially harvest females, information regardingthe sexual demographics of these populations is essential for effective fisheries management. To date, knowledge regarding the sex ratios and reproductive development of the shovelnose sturgeon population in the Middle Mississippi River is lacking. In Chapter 1, I describe this problem in detail and in subsequent chapters I explain how I addressed this problem …
Reproductive Demographics And Early Life History Of The Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Platorynchus), Robert Colombo
Reproductive Demographics And Early Life History Of The Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Platorynchus), Robert Colombo
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Due to the collapse of the historic caviar fisheries in the Volga River and Caspian Sea, the demand on domestically produced caviar has increased. To supply the increased demand, the harvest of the shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus latorynchus has increased. Because caviar fisheries preferentially harvest females, information regardingthe sexual demographics of these populations is essential for effective fisheries management. To date, knowledge regarding the sex ratios and reproductive development of the shovelnose sturgeon population in the Middle Mississippi River is lacking. In Chapter 1, I describe this problem in detail and in subsequent chapters I explain how I addressed this problem …
Cyperus Fuscus (Cyperaceae), New To Missouri And Nevada, With Comments On Its Occurrence In North America, Paul M. Mckenzie, Brad Jacobs, Charles T. Bryson, Gordon C. Tucker, Richard Carter
Cyperus Fuscus (Cyperaceae), New To Missouri And Nevada, With Comments On Its Occurrence In North America, Paul M. Mckenzie, Brad Jacobs, Charles T. Bryson, Gordon C. Tucker, Richard Carter
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
No abstract provided.
Evaluation Of Molar Size As A Basis For Distinguishing Wild Boar From Domestic Swine: Employing The Present To Decipher The Past, John J. Mayer, James M. Novak, I. Lehr Brisbin Jr.
Evaluation Of Molar Size As A Basis For Distinguishing Wild Boar From Domestic Swine: Employing The Present To Decipher The Past, John J. Mayer, James M. Novak, I. Lehr Brisbin Jr.
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
No abstract provided.
Genetic Variation Among Populations Of River Otters In North America: Considerations For Reintroducing Projects, Thomas L. Serfass, Robert P. Brooks, James M. Novak, Paul E. Johns, Olin E. Rhodes Jr.
Genetic Variation Among Populations Of River Otters In North America: Considerations For Reintroducing Projects, Thomas L. Serfass, Robert P. Brooks, James M. Novak, Paul E. Johns, Olin E. Rhodes Jr.
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to assess variability at 23 presumptive gene loci of 732 river otters obtained from fur-trappers in 18 states and three Canadian provinces. States and provinces providing otters were sorted into eight geographic regions for genetic comparisons. Multilocus heterozygosity and polymorphism ranged from 0.018 to 0.032 and 0.044 to 0.087, respectively. One locus, esterase-2, (EST-2) demonstrated a high level of polymorphism throughout all regions. Malate dehydrogenase-1 (MDH-1) was polymorphic throughout the Mississippi drainage but not elsewhere. Heterozygosity, occurrence of rare alleles, and mean number of alleles per locus were associated positively with estimated population sizes. …
Cyperus Fuscus (Cyperaceae), New To Missouri And Nevada, With Comments On Its Occurrence In North America, Paul Mckenzie, Brad Jacobs, Charles Bryson, Gordon Tucker, Richard Carter
Cyperus Fuscus (Cyperaceae), New To Missouri And Nevada, With Comments On Its Occurrence In North America, Paul Mckenzie, Brad Jacobs, Charles Bryson, Gordon Tucker, Richard Carter
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
No abstract provided.
Demographics And Condition Of Coyotes In Illinois, Daniel M. Lloyd
Demographics And Condition Of Coyotes In Illinois, Daniel M. Lloyd
Masters Theses
No abstract provided.
Egg Removal By Brown-Headed Cowbirds: A Field Test Of The Host Incubation Efficiency Hypothesis, Douglas Wood, Eric Bollinger
Egg Removal By Brown-Headed Cowbirds: A Field Test Of The Host Incubation Efficiency Hypothesis, Douglas Wood, Eric Bollinger
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) often remove host eggs, usually to the detriment of the host's reproductive success. We tested the hypothesis that host egg size and number influence the incubation efficiency of a parasitic egg. A single House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) or Brown-headed Cowbird egg was placed in each host nest (addition), and in some nests a host egg was removed as well (addition/removal). Hatching success and incubation length were measured to determine whether host-egg removal conferred an advantage in incubation efficiency compared to simple addition of a parasitic egg. Redwinged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and Chipping Sparrows (Spizella passerina) served …
Egg Removal By Brown-Headed Cowbirds: A Field Test Of The Host Incubation Efficiency Hypothesis, Douglas R. Wood, Eric K. Bollinger
Egg Removal By Brown-Headed Cowbirds: A Field Test Of The Host Incubation Efficiency Hypothesis, Douglas R. Wood, Eric K. Bollinger
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) often remove host eggs, usually to the detriment of the host's reproductive success. We tested the hypothesis that host egg size and number influence the incubation efficiency of a parasitic egg. A single House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) or Brown-headed Cowbird egg was placed in each host nest (addition), and in some nests a host egg was removed as well (addition/removal). Hatching success and incubation length were measured to determine whether host-egg removal conferred an advantage in incubation efficiency compared to simple addition of a parasitic egg. Redwinged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and Chipping Sparrows (Spizella passerina) served …
Explanations For The Infrequent Cowbird Parasitism On Common Grackles, Brian D. Peer, Eric K. Bollinger
Explanations For The Infrequent Cowbird Parasitism On Common Grackles, Brian D. Peer, Eric K. Bollinger
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
We determined the factors responsible for the lack of parasitism on Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). We found no evidence of parasitism on the 401 grackle nests we monitored in east-central Illinois. By the time cowbirds began laying eggs, 88.5% of all grackle nests were beyond the point of successful parasitism. Grackles rejected cowbird eggs more frequently during the prelaying stage of the nesting cycle (38.2%) compared to later stages (12.3%). Thirty-three cowbird eggs and nestlings were cross-fostered into grackle nests. Data were collected on 15 cowbird nestlings, of which three fledged. The cross-fostered cowbird eggs …
Explanations For The Infrequent Cowbird Parasitism On Common Grackles, Brian Peer, Eric Bollinger
Explanations For The Infrequent Cowbird Parasitism On Common Grackles, Brian Peer, Eric Bollinger
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
We determined the factors responsible for the lack of parasitism on Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). We found no evidence of parasitism on the 401 grackle nests we monitored in east-central Illinois. By the time cowbirds began laying eggs, 88.5% of all grackle nests were beyond the point of successful parasitism. Grackles rejected cowbird eggs more frequently during the prelaying stage of the nesting cycle (38.2%) compared to later stages (12.3%). Thirty-three cowbird eggs and nestlings were cross-fostered into grackle nests. Data were collected on 15 cowbird nestlings, of which three fledged. The cross-fostered cowbird eggs …
Selective Predation On The Seeds Of Woody Plants, Scott J. Meiners, Edmund W. Stiles
Selective Predation On The Seeds Of Woody Plants, Scott J. Meiners, Edmund W. Stiles
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Selective predation on the seeds of woody plants. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 124: 67-70). 1997.-Seed predation may be an important factor influencing the structure of successional plant communities. We used a cafeteria-style experiment, placed in an old field and an early successional forest, to determine predator preferences for seeds of nine species of woody plants. Intensity of seed predation was equivalent in both sites. Seed predators preferred Acer saccharum, flex vertic illata, and Viburnum dentatum, but this was not related to seed mass. Predation intensity was more variable in the old field than in the forest, possibly related to the …
Comparative Leaf Anatomy And Systematics In Dendrobium, Sections Aporum And Rhizobium (Orchidaceae), Barbara S. Carlsward, William Lois Stern, Walter S. Judd, Terence W. Lucansky
Comparative Leaf Anatomy And Systematics In Dendrobium, Sections Aporum And Rhizobium (Orchidaceae), Barbara S. Carlsward, William Lois Stern, Walter S. Judd, Terence W. Lucansky
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
The specialized leaf anatomy for species of Dendrobium within section Aporum is similar to that of species in section Rhizobium. In both sections leaves are characterized by a unifacial or nearly unifacial surface where the exposed surface is abaxial. However, leaves in section Rhizobium also feature a lacuna submerged in the mesophyll and surrounded by an adaxial epidermis. In contrast, leaves in section Aporum merely present an internal suture that divides the leaf into bilateral halves. These two sections of Dendrobium are hypothesized to be sister taxa because of synapomorphies in their foliar anatomy. A cladistic analysis performed with various …