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Structural Biology Commons™

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2020

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Articles 31 - 36 of 36

Full-Text Articles in Structural Biology

Archaeosine Modification Of Archaeal Trna - A Role In Structural Stabilization, Ben Turner, Brett W. Burkhart, Katrin Weidenbach, Robert Ross, Patrick A. Limbach, Ruth A. Schmitz, Valérie De Crécy-Lagard, Kenneth M. Stedman, Thomas J. Santangelo, Dirk Iwata-Reuyl Jan 2020

Archaeosine Modification Of Archaeal Trna - A Role In Structural Stabilization, Ben Turner, Brett W. Burkhart, Katrin Weidenbach, Robert Ross, Patrick A. Limbach, Ruth A. Schmitz, Valérie De Crécy-Lagard, Kenneth M. Stedman, Thomas J. Santangelo, Dirk Iwata-Reuyl

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Archaeosine (G+) is a structurally complex modified nucleoside found quasi-universally in the tRNA of Archaea and located at position 15 in the dihydrouridine loop, a site not modified in any tRNA outside of the Archaea. G+ is characterized by an unusual 7-deazaguanosine core structure with a formamidine group at the 7-position. The location of G+ at position 15, coupled with its novel molecular structure, led to a hypothesis that G+ stabilizes tRNA tertiary structure through several distinct mechanisms. To test whether G+ contributes to tRNA stability and define the biological role of G+, we investigated the consequences of introducing targeted …

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An Assessment Of Convergence In The Feeding Morphology Of Xiphactinus Audax And Megalops Atlanticus Using Landmark-Based Geometric Morphometrics, Edward Chase Shelburne Jan 2020

An Assessment Of Convergence In The Feeding Morphology Of Xiphactinus Audax And Megalops Atlanticus Using Landmark-Based Geometric Morphometrics, Edward Chase Shelburne

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

Convergence is an evolutionary phenomenon wherein distantly related organisms independently develop features or functional adaptations to overcome similar environmental constraints. Historically, convergence among organisms has been speculated or asserted with little rigorous or quantitative investigation. More recent advancements in systematics has allowed for the detection and study of convergence in a phylogenetic context, but this does little to elucidate convergent anatomical features in extinct taxa with poorly understood evolutionary histories. The purpose of this study is to investigate one potentially convergent system—the feeding structure of Xiphactinus audax (Teleostei: Ichthyodectiformes) and Megalops atlanticus (Teleostei: Elopiformes)—using a comparative anatomical approach to assess …

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Non-Invasive Method For Leptin Supplementation In Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Regan Mcnamara Jan 2020

Non-Invasive Method For Leptin Supplementation In Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Regan Mcnamara

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

I tested the hypothesis that recombinant leptin protein can be introduced to zebrafish in vivo through non-invasive soaking in a solution containing the protein. One way to study various molecules’ effects in vivo is through intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injections during the embryonic or larval stage, which is invasive, difficult to administer, and can have a high mortality rate. 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) zebrafish were soaked in a His-tagged recombinant leptin protein solution at 10 nM and 100 nM concentrations (produced by Genscript). After soaking, zebrafish larvae were washed extensively to remove all recombinant protein on their exterior before homogenization. …

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The Exploration Of Nanotoxicological Copper And Interspecific Saccharomyces Hybrids, Matthew Joseph Winans Phd Jan 2020

The Exploration Of Nanotoxicological Copper And Interspecific Saccharomyces Hybrids, Matthew Joseph Winans Phd

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Nanotechnology takes advantage of cellular biology’s natural nanoscale operations by interacting with biomolecules differently than soluble or bulk materials, often altering normal cellular processes such as metabolism or growth. To gain a better understanding of how copper nanoparticles hybridized on cellulose fibers called carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) affected growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mechanisms of toxicity were explored. Multiple methodologies covering genetics, proteomics, metallomics, and metabolomics were used during this investigation. The work that lead to this dissertation discovered that these cellulosic copper nanoparticles had a unique toxicity compared to copper. Further investigation suggested a possible ionic or molecular mimicry …

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Structural And Functional Characterization Of Cazyme And Cazyme-Related Proteins From: Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron And Porphyromonas Gingivalis: Two Abundant Colonizers Of The Human Microbiome, James Stevenson Jan 2020

Structural And Functional Characterization Of Cazyme And Cazyme-Related Proteins From: Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron And Porphyromonas Gingivalis: Two Abundant Colonizers Of The Human Microbiome, James Stevenson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The human body consists of approximately 30 trillion cells, while non-human microbes that reside on and within the body outnumber human somatic cells by a factor of 1.3 – 2.3. The interplay between our cells and those of the colonizing microorganisms affect physiology in a multitude of ways, both beneficial and detrimental. Microbes found in the oral cavity, such as the Red Complex member Porphyromonas gingivalis, are associated with pathology, namely periodontal diseases including gum deterioration, tooth decay, and loss of underlying alveolar bone. At the other end of the gastrointestinal tract, microbes such as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are found …

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Functional Characterization Of Proteins From A Putative Chondroitin Sulfate A Degrading Operon And The Crystal Structure Of An Exo-N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase From Tannerella Forsythia, Peter Nguyen Jan 2020

Functional Characterization Of Proteins From A Putative Chondroitin Sulfate A Degrading Operon And The Crystal Structure Of An Exo-N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase From Tannerella Forsythia, Peter Nguyen

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Advanced periodontitis has been shown to have strong associations with the residence of a bacterial triad of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola also known as the red complex. These bacteria were previously thought to be asaccharolytic, making them better suited to survive in deep in periodontal pockets where access to carbohydrates from food is limited. Information gathered from genomic analysis suggested that upregulation of an operon (BFO2285-BFO2295, BFO3043) could confer the capacity for T. forsythia to degrade chondroitin-4-sulfate, the principle glycosaminoglycan of alveolar bone tissue. Bioinformatics analysis suggested the operon was similar to an operon found in Bacteroidetes …

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