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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Structural Biology
Reversible Degradation Of Peptidoglycan By Lytic Transglycosylases, Aaron Devereaux
Reversible Degradation Of Peptidoglycan By Lytic Transglycosylases, Aaron Devereaux
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a burden on the global healthcare system with an estimated cost of billions of dollars and millions of deaths each year. Recently, there has been little to no development on new antibiotics to treat bacterial infection, and any that are developed become resisted to within a few years. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria contain a mesh-like layer called peptidoglycan (PG) that surrounds their cells providing strength, cell shape, and protection from their environments. This layer is a polymer of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) connected via a b-1,4-glycosidic bond, with each strand being cross-linked …
Structural Insights Into Peptidoglycan O-Acetylation In Gram-Negative Bacteria, Tyler Malloch
Structural Insights Into Peptidoglycan O-Acetylation In Gram-Negative Bacteria, Tyler Malloch
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The Centres for Disease Control has acknowledged that we are entering a post-antibiotic era, where increasing numbers of bacterial pathogens are becoming resistant to known antibiotics. One of the most successfully targeted features of bacteria is also the main component of the cell wall, peptidoglycan (PG). PG is a heteropolymer of alternating sugar residues, namely N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) which are joined together by b-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds and crosslinked via stem peptide chains. PG is a target, readily lysed by exogenous and endogenous autolysins, such as lysozyme and lytic transglycosylase, respectively. This event leads to cell death …
The Effect Of Alkalinity On Lampricide Effectiveness And Gill Physiology In Invasive Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon Marinus), Alexandre J. Walsh
The Effect Of Alkalinity On Lampricide Effectiveness And Gill Physiology In Invasive Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon Marinus), Alexandre J. Walsh
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The pesticides, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and niclosamide are used to control populations of invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. Added to streams infested with larval sea lamprey, the effectiveness of these pesticides, commonly called lampricides, are strongly influenced by water pH, with greater toxicity for both TFM and niclosamide in lower pH than higher pH water. However, the TFM and niclosamide sensitivity of sea lamprey are also greater in poorly buffered, low alkalinity water than in high alkalinity water but it is unclear why. One goal of my thesis was to propose …
Functional Residues Of Cjpata, Robert Lamont
Functional Residues Of Cjpata, Robert Lamont
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria continues to challenge clinicians and threaten the lives of infected individuals. For this reason, new classes of antibiotics or new targets for antibiotic therapy are needed to circumvent this global health crisis. In Gram-negative bacteria, the enzymes peptidoglycan O-acetyltransferase A and B (PatA and PatB), are responsible for adding acetyl groups to the C-6 hydroxyl group of N-acetyl muramic acid (MurNAc) in peptidoglycan (PG). These acetyl groups are responsible for inhibiting the activity of lysozyme from host organisms that hydrolyze the β1-4 glycosidic linkage between MurNAc and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The acetyl groups …
On The Structure And Function Of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins: The Case Of Ucp2, Afshan Ardalan
On The Structure And Function Of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins: The Case Of Ucp2, Afshan Ardalan
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are regulated proton transporters of the mitochondrial inner membrane. UCP-mediated proton leak negatively impacts the rate of ATP synthesis. Despite the importance of their physiological role(s) in certain tissues, molecular aspects of UCPs’ structure-function relationships are not fully understood. The current study explores the tertiary and quaternary structure of UCP2, as well as its proton transport mechanism in lipid membranes. The proteins were expressed in the E. coli inner membrane, purified and reconstituted into liposomes. Proteins were characterized by semi-native SDS-PAGE. Circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) and fluorescence quenching assays were utilized to study the conformation of proteins …
Structural And Functional Characterization Of Cazyme And Cazyme-Related Proteins From: Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron And Porphyromonas Gingivalis: Two Abundant Colonizers Of The Human Microbiome, James Stevenson
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The human body consists of approximately 30 trillion cells, while non-human microbes that reside on and within the body outnumber human somatic cells by a factor of 1.3 – 2.3. The interplay between our cells and those of the colonizing microorganisms affect physiology in a multitude of ways, both beneficial and detrimental. Microbes found in the oral cavity, such as the Red Complex member Porphyromonas gingivalis, are associated with pathology, namely periodontal diseases including gum deterioration, tooth decay, and loss of underlying alveolar bone. At the other end of the gastrointestinal tract, microbes such as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are found …
Functional Characterization Of Proteins From A Putative Chondroitin Sulfate A Degrading Operon And The Crystal Structure Of An Exo-N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase From Tannerella Forsythia, Peter Nguyen
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Advanced periodontitis has been shown to have strong associations with the residence of a bacterial triad of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola also known as the red complex. These bacteria were previously thought to be asaccharolytic, making them better suited to survive in deep in periodontal pockets where access to carbohydrates from food is limited. Information gathered from genomic analysis suggested that upregulation of an operon (BFO2285-BFO2295, BFO3043) could confer the capacity for T. forsythia to degrade chondroitin-4-sulfate, the principle glycosaminoglycan of alveolar bone tissue. Bioinformatics analysis suggested the operon was similar to an operon found in Bacteroidetes …
Expression, Purification, Functional Characterization And Crystallization Of Three Porphyromonas Gingivalis Gene Products, Katarina Mandic
Expression, Purification, Functional Characterization And Crystallization Of Three Porphyromonas Gingivalis Gene Products, Katarina Mandic
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Dental biofilms are coupled polymicrobial aggregates that have attached to solid surfaces in the oral cavity. These collections of microorganisms are known to cause periodontal diseases that commence as localized inflammation of the gingiva and if untreated, eventually lead to irreversible alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of three periodontal pathogens that make up the “Red Complex”; a bacterial consortium responsible for the production of polysaccharide-rich biofilms that are essential to the inception and progression of periodontal disease. The dysbiosis and destructive inflammation caused by these organisms propel a self-sustained feed-forward loop that perpetuates periodontal disease. …
Structural And Functional Analysis Of Three Upregulated Gene Products, Tde0626, Tde1701, And Tde2714 From Treponema Denticola During Biofilm Formation, Jonah Nechacov
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The progression of human chronic periodontitis within periodontal disease has been often linked to the presence of key pathogens, such as the presence of Treponema denticola, a late colonizer found in the deepening pockets of the gingival sulcus. This pathogen, as well as its associates Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, are classified as the ‘red complex’ and exist in a mixed biofilm during infection. It is within this biofilm state that previous transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 126 genes that had an increase in their expression by 1.5-fold or greater in T. denticola. Three of these …
Characterization Of Wssf; A Putative Acetyltransferase From Achromobacter Insuavis And Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Cody Reese
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Biofilms are a survival mechanism commonly employed by communities of bacteria for adherence and protection. Bacteria produce a matrix of polymers (e.g. exopolysaccharides, such as cellulose) that allow them to exert control on their local environment. In the case of cellulose biofilms, acetylation (addition of acetate on carbohydrates) is paramount for polymer integrity and in some cases virulence. For this research, the wrinkly spreader (WS) genotype of the emergent human pathogen Achromobacter insuavis facilitates infections of the eyes of contact lens wearers and the lungs of Cystic Fibrosis patients (CF). Chronic infections have created a growing concern for the protective …
Structural Investigation Of Bcsc: Insight Into Periplasmic Transport During Cellulose Export, William Scott, Joel T. Weadge
Structural Investigation Of Bcsc: Insight Into Periplasmic Transport During Cellulose Export, William Scott, Joel T. Weadge
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
A biofilm can be defined by a community of microbes coexisting within a self-produced protective polymeric matrix. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is a key component in biofilms and a contributor to their virulence and pathogenicity. The cellulose bacterial synthesis complex is one such EPS system that is found in many Enterobacteriaceae,including Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., and is responsible for the production and secretion of the EPS cellulose. BcsC is the periplasmic protein responsible for the export of the exopolysaccharide cellulose and was the focus of this research. Sequence homology comparisons and structural predictions between BcsC, and the previously characterized alginate …