Biochemistry Commons^™

Knockdown Of Ketohexokinase Versus Inhibition Of Its Kinase Activity Exert Divergent Effects On Fructose Metabolism, Se-Hyung Park, Taghreed Fadhul, Lindsey R. Conroy, Harrison A. Clarke, Ramon Sun, Kristina Wallenius, Jeremie Boucher, Gavin O'Mahony, Alessandro Boianelli, Marie Persson, Sunhee Jung, Cholsoon Jang, Analia S. Loria, Genesee J. Martinez, Zachary A. Kipp, Evelyn A. Bates, Terry D. Hinds Jr., Senad Divanovic, Samir Softic

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Excessive fructose intake is a risk factor for the development of obesity and its complications. Targeting ketohexokinase (KHK), the first enzyme of fructose metabolism, has been investigated for the management of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We compared the effects of systemic, small molecule inhibitor of KHK enzymatic activity with hepatocyte-specific, N-acetylgalactosamine siRNA–mediated knockdown of KHK in mice on an HFD. We measured KHK enzymatic activity, extensively quantified glycogen accumulation, performed RNA-Seq analysis, and enumerated hepatic metabolites using mass spectrometry. Both KHK siRNA and KHK inhibitor led to an improvement in liver steatosis; however, via substantially different mechanisms, KHK …

Predicting The Pathway Involvement Of All Pathway And Associated Compound Entries Defined In The Kyoto Encyclopedia Of Genes And Genomes, Erik D. Huckvale, Hunter Moseley

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Background/Objectives: Predicting the biochemical pathway involvement of a compound could facilitate the interpretation of biological and biomedical research. Prior prediction approaches have largely focused on metabolism, training machine learning models to solely predict based on metabolic pathways. However, there are many other types of pathways in cells and organisms that are of interest to biologists. Methods: While several publications have made use of the metabolites and metabolic pathways available in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), we downloaded all the compound entries with pathway annotations available in the KEGG. From these data, we constructed a dataset where each …

Upregulation Of Fatty Acid Synthase Increases Activity Of Β-Catenin And Expression Of Notum To Enhance Stem-Like Properties Of Colorectal Cancer Cells, Courtney O. Kelson, Josiane Weber Tessmann, Mariah E. Geisen, Daheng He, Chi Wang, Tianyan Gao, B. Mark Evers, Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Dysregulated fatty acid metabolism is an attractive therapeutic target for colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously reported that fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme of de novo synthesis, promotes the initiation and progression of CRC. However, the mechanisms of how upregulation of FASN promotes the initiation and progression of CRC are not completely understood. Here, using Apc/VillinCre and ApcMin mouse models, we show that upregulation of FASN is associated with an increase in activity of β-catenin and expression of multiple stem cell markers, including Notum. Genetic and pharmacological downregulation of FASN in mouse adenoma organoids decreases the activation of β-catenin …

Effect Of Heat Stress On The Expression Of Circulating Cyto(Chemo)Kine And Inflammatory Markers In Broiler Chickens Selected For High- Or Low-Water Efficiency, Elizabeth S. Greene, Travis Tabler, Walter G. Bottje, Sara Orlowski, Sami Dridi

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background:

Water scarcity is a current, significant global concern that will only increase under the pressure of climate change. Improving water efficiency of poultry is a new and promising area to help temper agriculture's future impact on fresh water availability. Here, we explored the effects of acute heat stress (HS) on circulating stress and inflammatory markers in 2 lines of broilers divergently selected for water efficiency. Methods:

Male chicks from low (LWE) and high water efficient (HWE) lines were raised in 12 environmental chambers (2 pens/chamber, 6 chambers/line, 20 birds/pen) under normal conditions until day 28. On day 29, birds …

Proteomic Analysis Reveals Major Proteins And Pathways That Mediate The Effect Of 17-Β-Estradiol In Cell Division And Apoptosis In Breast Cancer Mcf7 Cells, Zhenqi Zhou, Brihget Sicairos, Jianhong Zhou, Yuchun Du

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Despite extensive research, the genes/proteins and pathways responsible for the physiological effects of estrogen remain elusive. In this study, we determined the effect of estrogen on global protein expression in breast cancer MCF7 cells using a proteomic method. The expression of 77 cytosolic, 74 nuclear, and 81 membrane/organelle proteins was significantly altered by 17-β-estradiol (E2). Protein enrichment analyses suggest that E2 may stimulate cell division primarily by promoting the G1 to S phase transition and advancing the G2/M checkpoint. The effect of E2 on cell survival was complex, as it could simultaneously enhance and inhibit apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that …

Accurate Crystal Structure Prediction Of New 2d Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites, Nima Karimitari, William J. Baldwin, Evan W. Muller, Zachary J.L. Bare, W. Joshua Kennedy, Gábor Csányi, Christopher Sutton

Faculty Publications

Low-dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are promising electronically active materials for light absorption and emission. The design space of HOIPs is extremely large, as a variety of organic cations can be combined with different inorganic frameworks. This not only allows for tunable electronic and mechanical properties but also necessitates the development of new tools for in silico high throughput analysis of candidate materials. In this work, we present an accurate, efficient, and widely applicable machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP) trained on 86 diverse experimentally reported HOIP materials. This MLIP was tested on 73 experimentally reported perovskite compositions and achieves a …

Nanopore Signal Deviations From Pseudouridine Modifications In Rna Are Sequence-Specific: Quantification Requires Dedicated Synthetic Controls, Amr Makhamreh, Sepideh Tavakoli, Ali Fallahi, Xinqi Kang, Howard Gamper, Mohammad Nabizadehmashhadtoroghi, Miten Jain, Ya-Ming Hou, Sara H Rouhanifard, Meni Wanunu

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Chemical modifications to mRNA respond dynamically to environmental cues and are important modulators of gene expression. Nanopore direct RNA sequencing has been applied for assessing the presence of pseudouridine (ψ) modifications through basecalling errors and signal analysis. These approaches strongly depend on the sequence context around the modification, and the occupancies derived from these measurements are not quantitative. In this work, we combine direct RNA sequencing of synthetic RNAs bearing site-specific modifications and supervised machine learning models (ModQuant) to achieve near-analytical, site-specific ψ quantification. Our models demonstrate that the ionic current signal features important for accurate ψ classification are sequence …

Inorganic Pyrophosphate Plasma Levels In Patients With Ggcx-Associated Pxe-Like Phenotypes, Qiaoli Li, Catherine Troutman, Mary Peckiconis, Tamara Wurst, Sharon Terry

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

ntroduction: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an autosomal recessive ectopic calcification disorder clinically affecting the skin, eyes, and vascular system. Most cases of PXE are caused by inactivating pathogenic variants in the ABCC6 gene encoding a hepatic transmembrane efflux transporter, which facilitates the extracellular release of ATP, the precursor of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent endogenous inhibitor of calcification. Pathogenic variants in GGCX, encoding γ-glutamyl carboxylase required for activation of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors as well as matrix Gla protein (MGP) and Gla-rich protein (GRP), two inhibitors of ectopic calcification, have also been reported to cause cutaneous changes like those seen …

The C-Terminal 4cxxc-Type Zinc Finger Domain Of Cdca7 Recognizes Hemimethylated Dna And Modulates Activities Of Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme Hells, Akeo Shinkai, Hideharu Hashimoto, Chikako Shimura, Hiroaki Fujimoto, Kei Fukuda, Naoki Horikoshi, Masaki Okano, Hitoshi Niwa, Erik W Debler, Hitoshi Kurumizaka, Yoichi Shinkai

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

The chromatin-remodeling enzyme helicase lymphoid-specific (HELLS) interacts with cell division cycle-associated 7 (CDCA7) on nucleosomes and is involved in the regulation of DNA methylation in higher organisms. Mutations in these genes cause immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome, which also results in DNA hypomethylation of satellite repeat regions. We investigated the functional domains of human CDCA7 in HELLS using several mutant CDCA7 proteins. The central region is critical for binding to HELLS, activation of ATPase, and nucleosome sliding activities of HELLS-CDCA7. The N-terminal region tends to inhibit ATPase activity. The C-terminal 4CXXC-type zinc finger domain contributes to CpG …

A Preliminary Fuzzy Inference System For Predicting Atmospheric Ozone In An Intermountain Basin, John R. Lawson, Seth N. Lyman

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

High concentrations of ozone in the Uinta Basin, Utah, can occur after sufficient snowfall and a strong atmospheric anticyclone creates a persistent cold pool that traps emissions from oil and gas operations, where sustained photolysis of the precursors builds ozone to unhealthy concentrations. The basin's winter-ozone system is well understood by domain experts and supported by archives of atmospheric observations. Rules of the system can be formulated in natural language ("sufficient snowfall and high pressure leads to high ozone"), lending itself to analysis with a fuzzy-logic inference system. This method encodes human expertise as machine intelligence in a more prescribed …

Exploring Biosignatures And Biogeochemical Processes In Lanzarote Lava Tubes: Implications For Martian Analog Research, Vera Palma, Ana Z. Miller, Francesco Sauro, Bogdan P. Onac, José M. De La Rosa, Sara Gutiérrez-Patricio, Beatriz Cubero, José A. Gonzalez-Perez, Jesus Martínez-Frías, A Teresa Caldeira

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.

Exploring Pristine Microbial Ecosystems From The Uninhabited Volcanic Selvagens Islands, Pedro N. Jiménez-Morillo, Sara Gutiérrez-Patricio, Vera Palma, Ana Teresa Caldeira, Nicasio Tomás Jiménez-Morillo, Ana Z. Miller

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.

Non-Redundant Roles For The Human Mrna Decapping Cofactor Paralogs Dcp1a And Dcp1b, Ivana Vukovic, Samantha M. Barnada, Jonathan W. Ruffin, Jon Karlin, Ravi Kumar Lokareddy, Gino Cingolani, Steven B. Mcmahon

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, with disruption of regulation contributing significantly to human diseases. The 5' m7G mRNA cap is a central node in post-transcriptional regulation, participating in both mRNA stabilization and translation efficiency. In mammals, DCP1a and DCP1b are paralogous cofactor proteins of the mRNA cap hydrolase DCP2. As lower eukaryotes have a single DCP1 cofactor, the functional advantages gained by this evolutionary divergence remain unclear. We report the first functional dissection of DCP1a and DCP1b, demonstrating that they are non-redundant cofactors of DCP2 with unique roles in decapping complex integrity and specificity. …

Engineered Nls-Chimera Downregulates Expression Of Aggregation-Prone Endogenous Fus, Miyuki Hayashi, Amandeep Girdhar, Ying-Hui Ko, Kevin Kim, Jacquelyn Depierro, Joseph R. Buchler, Nikhita Arunprakash, Aditya Bajaj, Gino Cingolani, Lin Guo

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Importin β-superfamily nuclear import receptors (NIRs) mitigate mislocalization and aggregation of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), like FUS and TDP-43, which are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. NIRs potently disaggregate RBPs by recognizing their nuclear localization signal (NLS). However, disease-causing mutations in NLS compromise NIR binding and activity. Here, we define features that characterize the anti-aggregation activity of NIR and NLS. We find that high binding affinity between NIR and NLS, and optimal NLS location relative to the aggregating domain plays a role in determining NIR disaggregation activity. A designed FUS chimera (FUS_IBB), carrying the importin β binding (IBB) domain, is …

Biochemical Characterization Of Rna Polymerases Across The Domains Of Life, Stephanie Lois Cooper

All ETDs from UAB

RNA polymerases perform the essential function of RNA synthesis from a DNA template. This process, known as transcription, is critical for all living species and a key point for regulation of gene expression. The function of RNA polymerases allow species from all domains of life to not only survive, but also respond to environmental changes such as heat and nutrient deprivation. In biological taxonomy, the highest classification is domain. The three domains are Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea. The domain Eukarya contains all eukaryotic organisms, ranging from yeast, to plants, to metazoans. Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic domains, the species …

Mechanistic Study Of Dna Ligase Iv-Mediated Double-Strand Break Repair In Non-Homologous End Joining, Tasmin Naila, Alan E. Tomkinson

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a crucial double-strand break repair pathway in mammalian cells, resolving DNA damage from ionizing radiation and during V(D)J recombination. Although DNA Ligase IV is the only mammalian DNA ligase involved in NHEJ, it functions as a single-turnover enzyme in vitro. Recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies revealed two LigIV molecules at the NHEJ synapse, supporting the hypothesis that two ligase molecules are needed for DSB repair by NHEJ. This study aims to validate this hypothesis by providing evidence for coordinated ligation at optimal distance and polarity preference for catalytic activity by LigIV. We determined that coordination …

Regulatory, Structural And Functional Studies Of The Adp-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase From Photosynthetic And Heterotrophic Organisms, Gabriela Martinez-Ramirez

Dissertations

The production of biofuels like ethanol has increased with the transition to renewable energy. Starch can be converted into ethanol through chemical modification. Increasing the availability of starch is crucial to fight back climate change thus, researchers have focused on the biotechnological modification of plants. This modification is known as transgenics, where a plant is modified by the insertion of genes, to make it as productive as possible. The genes inserted code for enzymes that control pathways responsible for the synthesis of certain biomolecules, in this case starch. The synthesis of starch in plants (as glycogen in both photosynthetic and …

Methane Fluxes In Tidal Marshes Of The Conterminous United States, Ariane Arias-Ortiz, Jaxine Wolfe, Scott D. Bridgham, Sara Knox, Gavin Mcnicol, Brian A. Needelman, Julie Shahan, Ellen J. Stuart-Haëntjens, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Patty Y. Oikawa, Dennis D. Baldocchi, Joshua S. Caplan, Margaret Capooci, Kenneth M. Czapla, R. Kyle Derby, Heida L. Diefenderfer, Inke Forbrich, Gina Groseclose, Jason K. Keller, Cheryl Kelley, Amir E. Keshta, Helena S. Kleiner, Ken W. Krauss, Robert R. Lane, Sarah Mack, Serena Moseman-Valtierra, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Peter Mueller, Scott C. Neubauer, Genevieve Noyce, Katrina V. R. Schäfer, Rebecca Sanders-Demott, Charles A. Schutte, Rodrigo Vargas, Nathaniel B. Weston, Benjamin Wilson, J. Patrick Megonigal, James R. Homquist

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with atmospheric concentrations that have nearly tripled since pre-industrial times. Wetlands account for a large share of global CH4 emissions, yet the magnitude and factors controlling CH4 fluxes in tidal wetlands remain uncertain. We synthesized CH4 flux data from 100 chamber and 9 eddy covariance (EC) sites across tidal marshes in the conterminous United States to assess controlling factors and improve predictions of CH4 emissions. This effort included creating an open-source database of chamber-based GHG fluxes (https://doi.org/10.25573/serc.14227085). Annual fluxes across chamber and EC sites averaged 26 ± 53 g CH4 …

Developing Coexpression Systems To Introduce Hydroxyproline Into Protein Engineered Collagen Peptides Utilizing Hydroxylase From Acanthamoeba Polyphaga Mimivirus, Jennifer Soldatich

Theses and Dissertations

A major challenge of developing collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) by bacterial expression is to include hydroxyproline for biomedical applications. Coexpression of Prolyl-4-hydroxylase from A.mimivirus with CMPs was investigated. Additionally, four expression designs were created for potential applications in mammalian cells to utilize their natural ability of proline-hydroxylation by post-translational modification.

Noise Leads To The Perceived Increase In Evolutionary Rates Over Short Time Scales, Brian C. O'Meara, Jeremy M. Beaulieu

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Across a variety of biological datasets, from genomes to conservation to the fossil record, evolutionary rates appear to increase toward the present or over short time scales. This has long been seen as an indication of processes operating differently at different time scales, even potentially as an indicator of a need for new theory connecting macroevolution and microevolution. Here we introduce a set of models that assess the relationship between rate and time and demonstrate that these patterns are statistical artifacts of time-independent errors present across ecological and evolutionary datasets, which produce hyperbolic patterns of rates through time. We show …

Predicting The Association Of Metabolites With Both Pathway Categories And Individual Pathways, Erik D. Huckvale, Hunter Moseley

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Metabolism is a network of chemical reactions that sustain cellular life. Parts of this metabolic network are defined as metabolic pathways containing specific biochemical reactions. Products and reactants of these reactions are called metabolites, which are associated with certain human-defined metabolic pathways. Metabolic knowledgebases, such as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) contain metabolites, reactions, and pathway annotations; however, such resources are incomplete due to current limits of metabolic knowledge. To fill in missing metabolite pathway annotations, past machine learning models showed some success at predicting the KEGG Level 2 pathway category involvement of metabolites based on their …

Michael Mcgraw: Profile Of The Newest Chbc Faculty Member, Danna Jaimes-Fajardo, Jeremy J. Smith, Lutishoor Salisbury

University Libraries Faculty Publications and Presentations

Presents the research profile of Michael McGraw, Assistant Professor, Chemistry and Biochemistry department. It highlights his research interests, education, and impact of his research.

Newly Synthesized Pyroglutamate Amide And Its Neuroprotective Effect Against Neurotoxicity Induced Cell Death In Alzheimer's Disease, Nourelhouda Joutey Elamrani

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The neurodegenerative disorder is an umbrella term for a range of conditions that affects the neurons in the human brain causing neuronal cell death. The common pathway is the excitotoxicity, a phenomenon that describes the toxic actions of excitatory neurotransmitters, primarily glutamate, where the exacerbated or prolonged activation of glutamate receptors starts a cascade of neurotoxicity leading to the cell death. One of the most common neurodegenerative disorders is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which represents 60 – 70% of cases and it ranked fourth cause of mortality in the USA. In Alzheimer’s disease, glutamate released from astrocytes and activates extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate …

Exploiting The Heavy Chain Glycans For The Improvement Of Radioimmunoconjugates, Cindy Rodriguez

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Radiolabeled antibodies have become indispensable tools in nuclear medicine. However, the natural roles of antibodies within the immune system mean that they have several intrinsic limitations as a platform for radiopharmaceuticals. A handful of recent preclinical studies suggest that binding by FcR and particularly FcyRI can affect the pharmacokinetic profiles of 89Zr-labeled radioimmunoconjugates. Fc receptors (FcR) are responsible for many of the interactions between immunoglobulins (IgG) and immune cells. In biomedicine, this interplay is critical to the activity of several types of immunotherapeutics; however, relatively little is known about how FcRs affect the in vivo performance of radiolabeled antibodies. Antibodies …

Incorporating Solvation Thermodynamic Mapping In Computer-Aided Drug Design, Yeonji Ji

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Advancements in computational techniques have revolutionized structure-based drug design, substantially improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the drug discovery process by reducing time, costs, and labor requirements. These advancements include various methods, such as investigating small molecule ligands binding to proteins, exploring alternative protein conformations, and solvation mapping on the protein surfaces. Among these methods, understanding the correlation between protein-ligand binding and the role of solvation is important.

A fundamental concept in protein-ligand binding is shape and electrostatic complementarity, which is complicated by the inherent flexibility of proteins. In the absence of small molecule ligands, proteins are complementary to surface …

Development Of Collagen Mimetic Mini-Fibrils With Tunable Collagenase Susceptibility, Jui Chaugule

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Collagen fibrils are the primary molecular scaffold of all connective tissues and provide the essential support for cell migration and differentiation. Collagen fibrils represent one of the most complex molecular hierarchies: three polypeptide chains in Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeating amino acid sequences, first form the rod-shaped collagen triple helix. These triple helices further self-assemble laterally in a specific manner to form fibrils having the characteristic 67 nm axially repeating structure known as the D-period. Enzymatic digestion of collagen fibrils by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is critical for several physiological processes and is of particular consequence during wound healing. Many of the mechanisms of …

The Epigenetic Impact Of Dietary Choline On Growth Outcomes Of Children Exposed To Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Ismail Kadam

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Maternal insulin resistance and hyperglycemia lead to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) which can cause fetal hyperinsulinemia, ultimately leading to excessive fetal growth associated with macrosomia and increased adiposity at birth. Increased placental macronutrient transport and epigenetic changes in growth and metabolic genes affected by GDM contribute to fetal overgrowth and can result in complications such as overweight/obesity, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk factors, as well as cognitive impairment later in life. Choline, an essential nutrient, participates in lipid and energy metabolism by providing methyl groups for DNA methylation and thus may overcome the hypomethylation of growth and metabolic …

Diverse Origins Of Near-Identical Antifreeze Proteins In Unrelated Fish Lineages Provide Insights Into Evolutionary Mechanisms Of New Gene Birth And Protein Sequence Convergence, Nathan Rives, Vinita Lamba, C.H. Christina Cheng, Xuan Zhuang

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Determining the origins of novel genes and the mechanisms driving the emergence of new functions is challenging yet crucial for understanding evolutionary innovations. Recently evolved fish antifreeze proteins (AFPs) offer a unique opportunity to explore these processes, particularly the near-identical type I AFP (AFPI) found in four phylogenetically divergent fish taxa. This study tested the hypothesis of protein sequence convergence beyond functional convergence in three unrelated AFPI-bearing fish lineages. Through comprehensive comparative analyses of newly sequenced genomes of winter flounder and grubby sculpin, along with available high-quality genomes of cunner and 14 other related species, the study revealed that near-identical …

Improvement Of Single-Crystal Structures Of Very Heavy Element Compounds By Refining Anomalous Dispersion Parameters, Florian Meurer, Gregory Morrison, Birgit Hischa, Hans Conrad Zur Loye, Christoph Hennig, Michael Bodensteiner

Faculty Publications

Refining the anomalous dispersion parameters of the four uranium compounds NaUF5, NaU2F9, Cs2(UO2)TiO4, and Cs2(UO2)Ti2O6 gave insights into the crystallographic model improvement of very heavy atoms. We found that the values for the dispersive and absorptive parts, f′ and f″, closely followed the X-ray absorption spectra on their L3, L2, and L1 edges. The obtained values are sensitive to the chemical environment at each crystallographically independent position. An incorrect treatment of the anomalous dispersion correction can lead to a wrong crystallographic model. The above-mentioned, already published structures were improved by this process. General guidelines were given for the crystal structure …

Unraveling The Role Of Hid-1: Insights Into Sgii Regulation, Breanna L. Sellers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The regulated secretory pathway is important for the secretion of hormones and neuropeptides from large dense core vesicles (LDCVs). Dysregulation of the biogenesis of LDCVs can result in metabolic and neurological diseases. Recent studies have suggested that the peripheral membrane protein HID-1 plays a role in the sorting and storage of granins which contribute to LDCV biogenesis. To further understand how HID-1 influences the regulation of granins, we investigated potential HID-1 interactors. We determined that while HID-1 is likely functioning in the same pathway as USP25, a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), the cause of reduced cellular SgII levels is likely not …