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Biochemistry Commons™

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2014

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Articles 181 - 210 of 346

Full-Text Articles in Biochemistry

Facile Synthesis And Characterization Of A Thermally Stable Silica-Doped Alumina With Tunable Surface Area, Porosity, And Acidity, Maryam Khosravi Mardkhe Mar 2014

Facile Synthesis And Characterization Of A Thermally Stable Silica-Doped Alumina With Tunable Surface Area, Porosity, And Acidity, Maryam Khosravi Mardkhe

Theses and Dissertations

Mesoporous γ-Al2O3 is one of the most widely used catalyst supports for commercial catalytic applications. The performance of a catalyst strongly depends on the combination of textural, chemical and physical properties of the support. Pore size is essential since each catalytic system requires a unique pore size for optimal catalyst loading, diffusion and selectivity. In addition, high surface area and large pore volume usually result in higher catalyst loading, which increases the number of catalytic reaction sites and decreases reaction time. Therefore, determination of surface area and porosity of porous supports is critical for the successful design and optimization of …

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Structural Insights Into The Interaction Between A Potent Anti-Inflammatory Protein, Viral Cc Chemokine Inhibitor (Vcci), And The Human Cc Chemokine, Eotaxin-1, Nai-Wei Kuo, Yong-Guang Gao, Megan Schill, Nancy Isern, Cynthia Dupureur, Patricia Liwang Mar 2014

Structural Insights Into The Interaction Between A Potent Anti-Inflammatory Protein, Viral Cc Chemokine Inhibitor (Vcci), And The Human Cc Chemokine, Eotaxin-1, Nai-Wei Kuo, Yong-Guang Gao, Megan Schill, Nancy Isern, Cynthia Dupureur, Patricia Liwang

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

Chemokines play important roles in the immune system, not only recruiting leukocytes to the site of infection and inflammation but also guiding cell homing and cell development. The soluble poxvirus-encoded protein viral CC chemokine inhibitor (vCCI), a CC chemokine inhibitor, can bind to human CC chemokines tightly to impair the host immune defense. This protein has no known homologs in eukaryotes and may represent a potent method to stop inflammation. Previously, our structure of the vCCI·MIP-1β (macrophage inflammatory protein-1β) complex indicated that vCCI uses negatively charged residues in β-sheet II to interact with positively charged residues in the MIP-1β N …

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Structures Of The Puta Peripheral Membrane Flavoenzyme Reveal A Dynamic Substrate-Channeling Tunnel And The Quinone-Binding Site, Harkewal Singh, Benjamin W. Arentson, Donald F. Becker, John J. Tanner Mar 2014

Structures Of The Puta Peripheral Membrane Flavoenzyme Reveal A Dynamic Substrate-Channeling Tunnel And The Quinone-Binding Site, Harkewal Singh, Benjamin W. Arentson, Donald F. Becker, John J. Tanner

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Proline utilization A (PutA) proteins are bifunctional peripheral membrane flavoenzymes that catalyze the oxidation of L-proline to L-glutamate by the sequential activities of proline dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase domains. Located at the inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, PutAs play a major role in energy metabolism by coupling the oxidation of proline imported from the environment to the reduction of membrane-associated quinones. Here, we report seven crystal structures of the 1,004- residue PutA from Geobacter sulfurreducens, along with determination of the protein oligomeric state by small-angle X-ray scattering and kinetic characterization of substrate channeling and quinone reduction. The structures reveal …

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Low Doses Of Colony-Stimulating Factors Lead To Resolution Of Neutropenia In Cancer Patients Through Increased Levels Of Dihydrofolate Reductase, Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal, Ikram Ali Burney Mar 2014

Low Doses Of Colony-Stimulating Factors Lead To Resolution Of Neutropenia In Cancer Patients Through Increased Levels Of Dihydrofolate Reductase, Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal, Ikram Ali Burney

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Low doses of granulocyte- colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte macrophage- colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been shown to be beneficial in reducing duration of systemic antibiotic therapy and in-patient hospitalization by decreasing the period of neutropenia in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Since the underlying mechanism is unclear, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the administration of G-CSF and GM-CSF in two different doses (low dose and standard dose) would result into resolution of neutropenia with concomitant increase in multiple forms of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, a pivotal enzyme in the pathway of de novo DNA synthesis). Thirty …

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Survivin: Regulation By Yy1 And Role In Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy, Nicholas R. Galloway Mar 2014

Survivin: Regulation By Yy1 And Role In Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy, Nicholas R. Galloway

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Despite significant clinical and basic science advancements, cancer remains a devastating disease that affects people of all ages, races, and background. Survivin, the fourth most common transcript found in cancer cells, is a protein that is thought to be involved in the enhanced proliferation, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells. Therefore understanding how this gene is regulated is potentially of vital importance to improving cancer management and therapy. Our work has identified a novel transcriptional regulator of survivin called Yin Yang 1 (YY1). YY1 is a transcription factor that has been observed to activate some gene promoters and repress others, …

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Global Analysis Of Lysine Acetylation Suggests The Involvement Of Protein Acetylation In Diverse Biological Processes In Rice (Oryza Sativa)., Babi Ramesh Reddy Nallamilli, Mariola J. Edelmann, Xiaoxian Zhong, Feng Tan, Hana Mujahid, Jian Zhang, Bindu Nanduri, Zhaohua Peng Feb 2014

Global Analysis Of Lysine Acetylation Suggests The Involvement Of Protein Acetylation In Diverse Biological Processes In Rice (Oryza Sativa)., Babi Ramesh Reddy Nallamilli, Mariola J. Edelmann, Xiaoxian Zhong, Feng Tan, Hana Mujahid, Jian Zhang, Bindu Nanduri, Zhaohua Peng

CALS Publications

Lysine acetylation is a reversible, dynamic protein modification regulated by lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases. Recent advances in high-throughput proteomics have greatly contributed to the success of global analysis of lysine acetylation. A large number of proteins of diverse biological functions have been shown to be acetylated in several reports in human cells, E.coli, and dicot plants. However, the extent of lysine acetylation in non-histone proteins remains largely unknown in monocots, particularly in the cereal crops. Here we report the mass spectrometric examination of lysine acetylation in rice (Oryza sativa). We identified 60 lysine acetylated sites on 44 proteins of diverse …

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Genome-Wide Rnai Ionomics Screen Reveals New Genes And Regulation Of Human Trace Element Metabolism, Mikalai I. Malinouski, Nesrin M. Hasan, Yan Zhang, Javier Seravalli, Jie Lin, Andrei Avanesov, Svetlana Lutsenko, Vadim N. Gladyshev Feb 2014

Genome-Wide Rnai Ionomics Screen Reveals New Genes And Regulation Of Human Trace Element Metabolism, Mikalai I. Malinouski, Nesrin M. Hasan, Yan Zhang, Javier Seravalli, Jie Lin, Andrei Avanesov, Svetlana Lutsenko, Vadim N. Gladyshev

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Trace elements are essential for human metabolism and dysregulation of their homoeostasis is associated with numerous disorders. Here we characterize mechanisms that regulate trace elements in human cells by designing and performing a genome-wide high-throughput siRNA/ionomics screen, and examining top hits in cellular and biochemical assays. The screen reveals high stability of the ionomes, especially the zinc ionome, and yields known regulators and novel candidates. We further uncover fundamental differences in the regulation of different trace elements. Specifically, selenium levels are controlled through the selenocysteine machinery and expression of abundant selenoproteins; copper balance is affected by lipid metabolism and requires …

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Structural Dynamics Of A Mitochondrial Trna Possessing Weak Thermodynamic Stability, Hari Bhaskaran, Takaaki Taniguchi, Takeo Suzuki, Tsutomu Suzuki, John J. Perona Feb 2014

Structural Dynamics Of A Mitochondrial Trna Possessing Weak Thermodynamic Stability, Hari Bhaskaran, Takaaki Taniguchi, Takeo Suzuki, Tsutomu Suzuki, John J. Perona

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Folding dynamics are ubiquitously involved in controlling the multivariate functions of RNAs. While the high thermodynamic stabilities of some RNAs favor purely native states at equilibrium, it is unclear whether weakly stable RNAs exist in random, partially folded states or sample well-defined, globally folded conformations. Using a folding assay that precisely tracks the formation of native aminoacylable tRNA, we show that the folding of a weakly stable human mitochondrial (hmt) leucine tRNA is hierarchical with a distinct kinetic folding intermediate. The stabilities of the native and intermediate conformers are separated by only about 1.2 kcal/mol, and the species are readily …

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Methylseleninic Acid Elevates Redd1 And Inhibits Prostate Cancer Cell Growth Despite Akt Activation And Mtor Dysregulation In Hypoxia, Indu Sinha, Joshua Allen, John T. Pinto, Raghu Sinha Feb 2014

Methylseleninic Acid Elevates Redd1 And Inhibits Prostate Cancer Cell Growth Despite Akt Activation And Mtor Dysregulation In Hypoxia, Indu Sinha, Joshua Allen, John T. Pinto, Raghu Sinha

NYMC Faculty Publications

Methylseleninic acid (MSeA) is a monomethylated selenium metabolite theoretically derived from subsequent β-lyase or transamination reactions of dietary Se-methylselenocysteine that has potent antitumor activity by inhibiting cell proliferation of several cancers. Our previous studies showed that MSeA promotes apoptosis in invasive prostate cancer cells in part by downregulating hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α. We have now extended these studies to evaluate the impact of MSeA on REDD1 (an mTOR inhibitor) in inducing cell death of invasive prostate cancer cells in hypoxia. In both PTEN+ and PTEN- prostate cancer cells we show that MSeA elevates REDD1 and phosphorylation of AKT along with p70S6K …

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The Abcs Of The Ribosome, Kurt Fredrick, Michael Ibba Feb 2014

The Abcs Of The Ribosome, Kurt Fredrick, Michael Ibba

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

An ABC protein that binds the ribosomal exit site suggests a new mechanism for direct regulation of translation in response to changing ATP levels in the cell.

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On Chip Preconcentration And Labeling Of Protein Biomarkers Using Monolithic Columns, Device Fabrication, Optimization, And Automation, Rui Yang Feb 2014

On Chip Preconcentration And Labeling Of Protein Biomarkers Using Monolithic Columns, Device Fabrication, Optimization, And Automation, Rui Yang

Theses and Dissertations

Detection of disease specific biomarkers is of great importance in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Modern bioanalytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), have the ability to identify biomarkers, but their cost and scalability are two main drawbacks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is another potential tool, but it works best for proteins, rather than peptide biomarkers. Recently, microfluidics has emerged as a promising technique due to its small fluid volume consumption, rapidness, low fabrication cost, portability and versatility. Therefore, it shows prominent potential in the analysis of disease specific biomarkers. In this thesis, microfluidic systems that integrate …

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Conformational Features Of The Human U2-U6 Snrna Complex, Ravichandra Bachu Feb 2014

Conformational Features Of The Human U2-U6 Snrna Complex, Ravichandra Bachu

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The splicing of precursor messenger (pre-m) RNA, during which noncoding intervening sequences are excised and flanking coding regions ligated, is an integral reaction of gene expression. In eukaryotes, it is carried out by a dynamic RNA-protein complex called the spliceosome, in which five small nuclear (sn) RNA components are actively involved in recognition and chemical aspects of the process. A complex formed between U2 and U6 snRNAs is implicated in the chemistry of pre-mRNA splicing. The catalytic activity of the U2-U6 snRNA complex is dependent on the presence of Mg2+ ions, and the complex has been shown to have several …

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Mechanism Of Phospho-Alpha-Tubulin-Driven Motility In Human Breast Epithelial Cells, Shatarupa De Feb 2014

Mechanism Of Phospho-Alpha-Tubulin-Driven Motility In Human Breast Epithelial Cells, Shatarupa De

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Protein kinase C (PKC), an enzyme important in signaling pathways that give rise to various cell phenotypes, has been closely associated with metastatic phenotypes of breast cancer. Tissues from patients of varying degrees of tumorgenicity have shown an elevated expression of the PKCα isoform as well as other diacylglycerol (DAG)-sensitive isoforms. Moreover, independent studies with highly invasive breast cell lines, such as MDA-MB-231 cells, have also shown an elevated level of PKCα. Therefore, PKCα has long been a therapeutic target for breast cancer. Among its known substrates (recently identified by our laboratory), α6-tubulin will, upon phosphorylation by PKC, enhance migration …

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Iron Regulates Mrna Translation Initiation Through Rna Iron Responsive Element (Ire), Jia Ma Feb 2014

Iron Regulates Mrna Translation Initiation Through Rna Iron Responsive Element (Ire), Jia Ma

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The non-coding IRE-RNA structure, a 30 nt stem loop structure, regulates synthesis of proteins in iron trafficking, cell cycling, and nervous system function. IRE-RNA binding with iron regulatory protein (IRP) proteins inhibits ribosome accessing mRNA. Increasing iron concentration decreases IRP binding with IRE-RNA. Previous models of IRE-mRNA translation regulation concentrate on Fe-S binding to IRP and IRP degradation after release from IRE-RNA. These models lack information on the details of decreasing IRE-RNA/IRP protein binding with iron concentration elevation. This research shows 1. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) binds to IRE-RNA with high affinity and works as a positive control element …

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Lipid Dependence In Ras-Driven Tumors, Darin Salloum Feb 2014

Lipid Dependence In Ras-Driven Tumors, Darin Salloum

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Over past decade, metabolic alterations in cancer cells have received a substantial amount of interest. It had been established that cancer cells undergo a significant amount of metabolic alterations, and some of these alterations are similar to those in normal highly proliferative cells. However, it is becoming more apparent that many of the metabolic alterations are specific to particular oncogenic signaling pathways. Although altered metabolic machinery makes cancer cells more efficient at promoting growth when nutrients are supplied at the sufficient amounts, the dependency of cancer cells on particular metabolic reprogramming deems cancer cells susceptible to disruptions within metabolic network. …

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Metabolic Checkpoints In Cancer Cell Cycle, Mahesh Saqcena Feb 2014

Metabolic Checkpoints In Cancer Cell Cycle, Mahesh Saqcena

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Growth factors (GFs) as well as nutrient sufficiency regulate cell division in metazoans. The vast majority of mutations that contribute to cancer are in genes that regulate progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. A key regulatory site in G1 is the growth factor-dependent Restriction Point (R), where cells get permissive signals to divide. In the absence of GF instructions, cells enter the quiescent G0 state. Despite fundamental differences between GF signaling and nutrient sensing, they both have been confusingly referred to as R and therefore by definition considered to be a singular event in G1. Autonomy from …

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Mechanisms Of Deadenylation Regulation Under Different Cellular Conditions, Xiaokan Zhang Feb 2014

Mechanisms Of Deadenylation Regulation Under Different Cellular Conditions, Xiaokan Zhang

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Control of gene expression by regulating mRNA stability after DNA damage has the potential to contribute to the cells rapid response to stress. The main focus of this dissertation is to elucidate the role(s) of nuclear PARN deadenylase in controlling mRNA stability, hence gene expression, of factors in the p53 signaling pathway during the DNA damage response (DDR). Understanding the mechanisms of these regulatory pathways will provide new insights on how the control of gene expression upon DNA damage decides cellular fate, offering new opportunities for therapeutics. In Chapter II, I presented evidence that PARN along with the cleavage factor …

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Roles Of Igh Intronic Enhancer Eμ In Clonal Selection At The Pre-B To Immature B Cell Transition And In The Elimination Of Autoreactive B Cells, Cheng Peng Feb 2014

Roles Of Igh Intronic Enhancer Eμ In Clonal Selection At The Pre-B To Immature B Cell Transition And In The Elimination Of Autoreactive B Cells, Cheng Peng

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (Igh ) intronic enhancer, Eμ, enhances transcription of recombined Igh genes. We have previously shown that in mice with an Eμ-deficient Igh allele (V H δa ), Igμ is expressed at half of the wild-type levels in pre-B cells. We also described an Eμ-dependent "check-point", operating at the pre-B to immature B cell transition, for heavy chain allelic exclusion. We now show that deletion of Eμ results in a smaller immature B cell compartment, and the pre-BCR/BCR signaling is diminished in pre-B cells as a result of the reduced Igμ levels, making it …

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Effects Of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2c Receptor Agonist Mk212 And 2a Receptor Antagonist Mdl100907 On Maternal Behavior In Postpartum Female Rats, Weihai Chen, Qi Zhang, Wenxin Su, Yu Yang, Jing Qiao, Nan Sui, Ming Li Feb 2014

Effects Of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2c Receptor Agonist Mk212 And 2a Receptor Antagonist Mdl100907 On Maternal Behavior In Postpartum Female Rats, Weihai Chen, Qi Zhang, Wenxin Su, Yu Yang, Jing Qiao, Nan Sui, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Maternal behavior in rats is a highly motivated and well-organized social behavior. Given the known roles of serotonin (5-HT) in emotion, motivation, social behavior, and major depression – and its known interaction with dopamine – it is likely that serotonin also plays a crucial role in this behavior. So far, there are surprisingly few studies focusing on 5-HT in maternal behavior, except for maternal aggression. In the present study,we examined the effects of 5-HT2C receptor agonism and 5-HT2A receptor antagonism on maternal behavior in postpartum female rats.We hypothesized that activation of 5-HT2C receptors and blockade of 5-HT …

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Identification And Characterization Of Protein Phopshatases Regulating The Sma/Mab Pathway In C. Elegans, Sheng Xiong Feb 2014

Identification And Characterization Of Protein Phopshatases Regulating The Sma/Mab Pathway In C. Elegans, Sheng Xiong

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

TGF-beta signaling is a conserved signaling pathway among eukaryotes, which controls various normal cellular responses from cell proliferation to cell death. The mutations in its components are found in developmental disorders and cancer. Therefore, this signaling pathway is extensively investigated so that new therapeutic targets could be discovered and novel drugs could be developed. Previous studies suggested the involvement of phosphatases in regulation of TGF-beta signaling, but these studies were performed in cell culture rather than intact organisms. C. elegans is a tractable organism in which to study signaling in vivo. In C. elegans, growth is controled by a conserved …

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Paper-Based Standard Addition Assays, Cory A. Chaplan, Haydn T. Mitchell, Andres W. Martinez Jan 2014

Paper-Based Standard Addition Assays, Cory A. Chaplan, Haydn T. Mitchell, Andres W. Martinez

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Standard addition assays conducted on paper-based microfluidic devices are introduced as an alternative to external standards for calibrating quantitative tests. To demonstrate this technique, a colorimetric, paper-based, standard addition assay was optimized for the determination of glucose concentrations in the range of 0 to 5 mM. Comparable results were obtained from the assay via digital image colorimetry under three different lighting conditions.

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Arabidopsis Accelerated Cell Death 11, Acd11, Is A Ceramide-1-Phosphate Transfer Protein And Intermediary Regulator Of Phytoceramide Levels, Dhirendra K. Simanshu, Xiuhong Zhai, David Munch, Daniel Hofius, Jennifer E. Markham, Jacek Bielawski, Alicja Bielawska, Lucy Malinina, Julian G. Molotkovsky, John W. Mundy, Dinshaw J. Patel, Rhoderick E. Brown Jan 2014

Arabidopsis Accelerated Cell Death 11, Acd11, Is A Ceramide-1-Phosphate Transfer Protein And Intermediary Regulator Of Phytoceramide Levels, Dhirendra K. Simanshu, Xiuhong Zhai, David Munch, Daniel Hofius, Jennifer E. Markham, Jacek Bielawski, Alicja Bielawska, Lucy Malinina, Julian G. Molotkovsky, John W. Mundy, Dinshaw J. Patel, Rhoderick E. Brown

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The accelerated cell death 11 (acd11) mutant of Arabidopsis provides a genetic model for studying immune response activation and localized cellular suicide that halt pathogen spread during infection in plants. Here, we elucidate ACD11 structure and function and show that acd11 disruption dramatically alters the in vivo balance of sphingolipid mediators that regulate eukaryotic-programmed cell death. In acd11 mutants, normally low ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) levels become elevated, but the relatively abundant cell death inducer phytoceramide rises acutely. ACD11 exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of C1P and phyto-C1P. Crystal structures establish C1P binding via a surface-localized, phosphate headgroup recognition center …

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Polymeric Monolithic Stationary Phases For Capillary Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Of Small Molecules, Kun Liu Jan 2014

Polymeric Monolithic Stationary Phases For Capillary Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Of Small Molecules, Kun Liu

Theses and Dissertations

Highly cross-linked monoliths prepared from single cross-linking monomers were found to increase surface area and stability. Therefore, seven cross-linking monomers, i.e., 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate (1,3-BDDMA), 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate (1,4-BDDMA), neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate (NPGDMA), 1,5-pentanediol dimethacrylate (1,5-PDDMA), 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (1,6-HDDMA), 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate (1,10-DDDMA), and 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate (1,12-DoDDMA), were used to synthesize highly cross-linked monolithic columns in 75-µm i.d. capillaries by one-step UV-initiated polymerization using dodecanol and methanol as porogens for reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) of small molecules. Selection of porogen type and concentration was investigated in detail. Isocratic elution of alkylbenzenes at a flow rate of 300 nL/min was conducted for all of …

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Validation Of Predicted Mrna Splicing Mutations Using High-Throughput Transcriptome Data, Coby Viner, Stephanie Dorman, Ben Shirley, Peter Rogan Jan 2014

Validation Of Predicted Mrna Splicing Mutations Using High-Throughput Transcriptome Data, Coby Viner, Stephanie Dorman, Ben Shirley, Peter Rogan

Biochemistry Publications

Interpretation of variants present in complete genomes or exomes reveals numerous sequence changes, only a fraction of which are likely to be pathogenic. Mutations have been traditionally inferred from allele frequencies and inheritance patterns in such data. Variants predicted to alter mRNA splicing can be validated by manual inspection of transcriptome sequencing data, however this approach is intractable for large datasets. These abnormal mRNA splicing patterns are characterized by reads demonstrating either exon skipping, cryptic splice site use, and high levels of intron inclusion, or combinations of these properties. We present, Veridical, an in silico method for the automatic validation …

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Bsa–Boronic Acid Conjugate As Lectin Mimetics, Satya Nandana Narla, Poornima Pinnamaneni, Huan Nie, Yu Li, Xue-Long Sun Jan 2014

Bsa–Boronic Acid Conjugate As Lectin Mimetics, Satya Nandana Narla, Poornima Pinnamaneni, Huan Nie, Yu Li, Xue-Long Sun

Chemistry Faculty Publications

We report bovine serum albumin (BSA)–boronic acid (BA) conjugates as lectin mimetics and their glyco-capturing capacity. The BSA–BA conjugates were synthesized by amidation of carboxylic acid groups in BSA with aminophenyl boronic acid in the presence of EDC, and were characterized by Alizarin Red S (ARS) assay and SDS–PAGE gel. The BSA–BA conjugates were immobilized onto maleimide-functionalized silica beads and their sugar capturing capacity and specificity were confirmed by ARS displacement assay. Further, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of the glyco-capturing activity of the BSA–BA conjugates was conducted by immobilizing BSA–BA onto SPR gold chip. Overall, we demonstrated a BSA–BA-based …

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Redox-Dependent Stability, Protonation, And Reactivity Of Cysteine-Bound Heme Proteins, Fangfang Zhong, George P. Lisi, Daniel P. Collins, John H. Dawson, Ekaterina V. Pletneva Jan 2014

Redox-Dependent Stability, Protonation, And Reactivity Of Cysteine-Bound Heme Proteins, Fangfang Zhong, George P. Lisi, Daniel P. Collins, John H. Dawson, Ekaterina V. Pletneva

Dartmouth Scholarship

Cysteine-bound hemes are key components of many enzymes and biological sensors. Protonation (deprotonation) of the Cys ligand often accompanies redox transformations of these centers. To characterize these phenomena, we have engineered a series of Thr78Cys/Lys79Gly/Met80X mutants of yeast cytochrome c (cyt c) in which Cys78 becomes one of the axial ligands to the heme. At neutral pH, the protonation state of the coordinated Cys differs for the ferric and ferrous heme species, with Cys binding as a thiolate and a thiol, respectively. Analysis of redox-dependent stability and alkaline transitions of these model proteins, as well as comparisons to Cys …

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Collisional Dynamic Elements Of The Pyrazine - N2o System:Middle And Low J States, La Moyne Tyler Mix Jan 2014

Collisional Dynamic Elements Of The Pyrazine - N2o System:Middle And Low J States, La Moyne Tyler Mix

Theses and Dissertations

Unimolecular reactions based on the Lindemann - Hinchelwood mechanism are important to understanding combustion and atmospheric processes. The main feature of this mechanism is the energy transfer probability distribution function, P(E',E). We have chosen to study P(E',E) through gas phase collisional dynamics probed with IR transient absorption spectroscopy. Post-collision absorption line widths for the pyrazine-N2O system are used to calculate lab frame translational temperatures. The translational temperatures reveal that collisions with large rotational energy transfer also transfer large amounts of translational energy. For J states >47 the relationship is linear indicating a constant impact parameter. Line widths for J=47 through …

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Glycosylation Of Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) Influences The Migratory And Invasive Potential Of Cells, Fahad Algaly, Julia Hand, Mary B. Sevigny Jan 2014

Glycosylation Of Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) Influences The Migratory And Invasive Potential Of Cells, Fahad Algaly, Julia Hand, Mary B. Sevigny

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Faculty Research Posters

Prostaglandins are bioactive lipids involved in many physiological functions such as maintenance of the cardiovascular, immune, renal, and central nervous systems. They also play a role in certain diseases like arthritis, cancer, and Alzheimer’s. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the enzyme that catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step in the pathway that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. COX-2 exists as two glycoforms with the molecular weights of 72 and 74 kDa, the latter resulting from the addition of a high mannose chain to the Asn580 residue ~50% of the time. The over-expression of COX-2 is believed to be linked to cancer progression and …

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Effects Of Charge And Substituent On The S∙∙∙N Chalcogen Bond, U. Adhikari, Steve Scheiner Jan 2014

Effects Of Charge And Substituent On The S∙∙∙N Chalcogen Bond, U. Adhikari, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Neutral complexes containing a S···N chalcogen bond are compared with similar systems in which a positive charge has been added to the S-containing electron acceptor, using high-level ab initio calculations. The effects on both XS···N and XS+···N bonds are evaluated for a range of different substituents X = CH3, CF3, NH2, NO2, OH, Cl, and F, using NH3 as the common electron donor. The binding energy of XMeS···NH3 varies between 2.3 and 4.3 kcal/mol, with the strongest interaction occurring for X = F. The binding is strengthened by a factor of 2–10 in charged XH2S+···NH3 complexes, reaching a maximum of …

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Applications Of Epr With An Emphasis On Tau Fibril Structure, Virginia Meyer Jan 2014

Applications Of Epr With An Emphasis On Tau Fibril Structure, Virginia Meyer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Substances containing unpaired electrons have been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for nearly 70 years. With continual development and enhancement of EPR techniques, questions have arisen regarding optimum method selection for a given sample based on its properties. In this work, radiation defects, natural lattice defects, solid organic radicals, radicals in solution, and spin-labeled proteins were analyzed using CW, pulse, and rapid scan EPR to compare methods. Studies of solid BDPA, E' in quartz, Ns0 in diamond, and a-Si:H, showed that rapid scan could overcome many obstacles presented by other techniques, cementing rapid scan as an effective …

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