Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons^™

A Quantitative Assay For Vanillylmandelic Acid (Vma) By Gas-Liquid Chromatography / Sherwin Wilk From The Department Of Medicine, Th Emount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York And The Department Of Chemistry, Fordham University, New York, N.Y. Stanley E. Gitlow And Milton Mendlowitz From The Department Of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York Morton J. Franklin And Herman E. Carr From The Department Of Psychiatry, Boston University, School Of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts And Donald D. Clarke From The Department Of Chemistry, Fordham University, New York, New York, Sherwin Wilk, Stanley E. Gitlow, Milton Mendlowitz, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Until the discovery of the major product of catecholamine n1etabolism, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), by Annstrong in 1957 (1), biochemical studies of epinephrine and norepinephrine metabolism were dependent upon determination of the small quantities of these materials excreted unchanged in the urine. The methods designed to measure VMA have proved adequate to detect the gross abnormalities in metabolism usually associated with catecholamine-producing tumors (2-7), but more exact procedures are required for quantitative metabolic studies. Present spectrophotometric and electrophoretic methods are nonspecific in that they yield values for VMA that are higher than those obtained by chromatographic and isotope dilution techniques (5). …

Effect Of Fluoride On The Respiration Of Leaves From Higher Plants, Ming-Ho Yu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Studies concerning the effects of fluoride on the metabolism of both animals and plants have been of interest to many workers. In plants, it has been known that fluoride will inhibit the growth, that it will induce chlorosis as an evidence of visible injury, and that necrosis will eventually result. The economic importance associated with fluoride damage has been widely recognized, and, as a consequence, fluoride has become a major problem of air pollution.

Studies Of The Incorporation Of 5-Fluorouracil Into Tobacco Mosaic Viral Rna By Cell-Free Synthesing Systems Isolated From Infected Tobacco Plants, Helen Lu-Sheng Wang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Research on biosynthesis of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) ribonucleic acid in vitro has been reported by a number of laboratories (8, 16, 17). Bonner et al. postulated that ribonucleic acid could be synthesized from nucleotides by chromatin extracted from nuclei of pea seedlings (5, 14, 22). The evidence from in vitro synthesis of viral RNA suggested that an enzyme, RNA polymerase, links the four nucleotides (ATP, UTP, CTP, GTP) with viral RNA present as a primer and magnesium ions participating as a catalyst (7, 8).

Acid Hydrolysis Of 3-Phenylsydnone-2-N15 / Joanne Staley And Donald D. Clarke Chemistry Department, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, Joanne Staley, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

When N -phenylsydnone is hydrolyzed by acid, an internal oxidation- reduction reaction takes place with the formation of phenylhydrazine, formic acid, and carbon dioxide. The mechanism shown below was suggested for this reaction by Baker and Ollis. Aside from the nature of the end products of this hydrolysis, the strongest evidence cited by Baker and Ollis in support of their mechanism is the paper by Kenner and Mackay who reported the isolation of a-acylhydrazines when the hydrolysis was carried out in benzene with stoichiometric quantities of water and hydrochloric acid. However, Kenner and Mackay gave no experimental evidence to support …

Quantitative Aspects Of Co2 Fixation In Mammalian Brain In Vivo / H. Waelsch, S. Berl, C.A. Rossi, D. D. Clarke, And D. P. Purpura New York State Psychiatric Institute And Departments Of Biochemistry And Neurological Surgery, College Of Physicians And Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., Heinrich Waelsch, Soll Berl, C. A. Rossi, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The rate of fixation of carbon dioxide in vivo into aspartate, glutamate, oxoglutarate, and glutamine of cerebral cortex and liver in the absence and presence of elevated concentrations of tissue ammonia was studied. The specific activities of the isolated metabolites were related to the specific activity of the tissue CO2. It was attempted to obtain an approximate steady state level of tissue 14CO2 by maintaining a constant isotope concentration in the venous and arterial blood through continuous intravenous administration of NaH14CO3. 1. In the absence of ammonia, aspartic acid achieved the highest specific activity in both brain and liver; the …

The Respiratory Chain Involved In Oxidative Phosphorylation On Higher Plants In Relation To Carbon Dioxide-Bicarbonate Inhibition, Wan-Jean Young

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Increased concentrations of CO₂ with the accompanying high bicarbonate level in the culture medium have been reported to have a depressing effect in certain plant species on growth (34), respiration (23, 33), oxidative phosphorylation (9), mineral nutrient absorption (17), certain enzymatic reactions (4, 22, 27), accumulation of organic and amino acids (11), and protein synthesis (16). Since accumulation of organic acids occurs in lime-induced chlorotic tissue together with a depression in the respiration of plant tissue, an effect on the energy transfer mechanism of such plants is suspected. Inhibition of electron transfer from the substrate level could result in …

Biosynthesis Of Infectious Cucumber Mosaic Virus Ribonucleic Acid In A Cell-Free Medium, Men Hui Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The mechanism of biosynthesis of the nucleic acids, RNA, remained obscure until 1955 when the announcement was made (14) that an enzyme isolated from bacterial sources catalyzes the synthesis of ribopolynucleotides from nucleoside-5'-diphosphates. It has been shown that the biosynthesis of polynucleotides occurs through the stepwise polymerization of nucleoside-5'-diphosphates or triphosphates. A great deal of research over the past few years has indicated that isolated nuclei from both animal (1) and plant (19) sources are able to synthesize ribonucleic acids in vitro (18).

Leaf Ribonuclease Activity As Related To Virus Infection, And Ribonucleic Acid Concentration, Andrew Chien-Yau Hsu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) appears to be the entity responsible for infectivity and genetic continuity in certain plant, animal and bacterial viruses. RNA also plays an important role in protein synthesis. The enzymes which are involved in RNA synthesis and degradation have received much attention. Among these enzymes ribonuclease (RNase) has been most thoroughly studied Rnase is widely distributed and has been isolated from many sources such as snake venom, bacteria, the pancreas, and many plant and animal tissues. Most studies with RNase have been concerned with its role in the hydrolysis of RNA in vitro. Therefore, it has generally been …

The Biochemical Differences Associated With Iron Chlorosis In Higher Plants, Daniel Ming-Yi Teng

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Chlorosis, which is associated with a reduction in the chlorophyll content of leaves, is a major problem in the growing of deciduous fruit trees and some field crops on calcareous soil. Under various soil conditions more than one factor may be involved in the development of chlorosis in plants. A deficiency of magnesium, manganese, zinc or iron, and virus infections can induce chlorosis. It is also induced by the presence of high concentrations of phosphate, bicarbonate, manganese, copper, zinc, or numerous other factors.

Radicinin: Revision Of Its Structure Obtained From Nmr Measurements / D. D. Clarke F. F. Nord N. S. Bhacca Laboratory Of Organic Chemistry And Enzymology Fordham University Bronx 58, New York Spectroscopy Applications Laboratory Varian Associates Palo Alto, California, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Friedrich F. Nord, N. S. Bhacca

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Radicinin, a metabolite of the formula C12H1205 was isolated from the carrot plant pathogen Stemphylium Tadicinum and described in earlier communications. Hansen isolated a metabolite from S. radicinum that inhibited the growth of Lepidium sativum and named it stemphylone. From the physical and chemical properties described for stemphylone it would appear to be identical with radicinin

Carbon Dioxide Fixation In The Brain / Soll Berl, Genkichiro Takagaki, Donald D Clarke, And Heinrich Waelsch From The New York Psychiatric Institute And The Colleg Eof Physicians And Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, Soll Berl, Genkichiro Takagaki, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Heinrich Waelsch

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Carbon dioxide fixation in brain was studied in cats to which NaHC14O3, with and without ammonia, was administered by intracarotid infusion. Glutamic and aspartic acids, glutamine, glutathione, and γ-aminobutyric acid were isolated from blood, brain, and liver, and their specific activities were determined. The data indicate a significant incorporation of CO2 into the amino acids of the cerebral cortex, presumably by way of the citric acid cycle. Without simultaneous ammonia infusion, the specific activity of aspartic acid is 3 times that of glutamine, whereas in the presence of ammonia the ratios of specific activity of both compounds are closer to …

Biochemical Studies On The Effect Of Fluoride On Higher Plants, Shang-Fa Yang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fluoride occurs naturally in plants, but its presence has attracted attention primarily in certain industrial areas where concentrations are elevated above normal by accumulation from the atmosphere. Certain plant species have been observed to be injured as a result of accumulation of excessive fluoride from the atmosphere. The general symptoms of fluoride injury are necrotic lesions and burning which appear first in the leaf tips and margins.

A Comparative Study Of The Growth Of Polyoma Virus In Two Secondary Cell Lines: Mouse Lymphoma And Normal Mouse Fibroblasts, Rheeta M. Stecker

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In comparing the growth of polyoma virus in secondary cell cultures of a mouse lymphoma (P388D₁, a known polyoma-supporting strain) and normal mouse fibroblasts (Earle’s L cells), the following observations have been made.

The L cell is capable of supporting the growth of the polyoma virus with reproduction and release of infectious particles. Viruses appear in the fluid from time to time over a period of several weeks. This probably represents a carrier state of the virus in L cells. Many of the L cells in infected cultures are not killed by the virus infection.

Virus particles released …

The Vitamin B1-Sparing Action Of Sorbitol, Gisela Eleanor Bethsold

Theses and Dissertations

The present study was initiated to determine the effect sorbitol has upon the enzymatic functions of thiamin; specifically, what effect sorbitol bas upon the alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenases activities of rat liver mitochondria. In addition, the effect of varying the dietary sorbitol concentration on the development of an athiaminosis was studied, particularly the effect on growth rate.

Comprehensive Survey Of Sedimentation In Lake Mead, 1948-49, W. O. Smith, C. P. Vetter, G. B. Cummings, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Reservoirs are becoming an increasingly prominent feature of the American landscape. Built for flood mitigation and to change a fluctuating river into a dependable source of water for irrigation, power, and other purposes, they are predestined, like natural lakes, to be destroyed sometime following their creation. Sedimentation sooner or later robs most lakes and reservoirs of their capacity to store water. The significance of sedimentation in the life of Lake Mead, the largest artificial reservoir in the world, was realized when the plan for the reservoir was conceived, and an aerial survey of the floor was made in 1935 before …

Studies On The Biological Oxidation Of Ferrous Iron And Chalcopyrite, Loral Alvin Decker

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of the leaching streams from waste copper ore dumps as a nutrient solution for subsequent biological oxidation and solubilization of sulfide minerals. The copper in the leaching streams is precipitated by displacement with iron. As a result of this procedure the solution is high in ferrous iron concentration and has a pH of near 3.7. The bacteria in the leaching streams are capable of oxidizing ferrous iron to the ferric state and sulfide minerals to sulfates. The effects of temperatures, pH, urea, and aeration rate on the oxidation of the …

Biochemical Changes In The Devascularized Femoral Head, Jeanne Wiesseman

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A review of the literature indicates that there have been many attempts to determine the viability of the femoral head after trans cervical fracture of the neck of the femur. These methods have included the use of radioactive isotopes, venography, arteriography and intramedullary pressure determinations. None of these methods have proved entirely satisfactory.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine some of the biochemical changes taking place in the devascularized femoral head. Nineteen dogs were used for the experiments. The femoral neck was fractured transcervically and devascularized. Total devascularinations were performed in the majority of the animals. The animals …

Amine Incorporation Into Insulin As Catalyzed By Transglutaminase / M. J. Mycek, D. D. Clarke, A. Neidle And H. Waelsch From The Department Of Biochemistry, College Of Physicians And Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, And The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, M. J. Mycek, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, A. Neidle, Heinrich Waelsch

Chemistry Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between The Systemic Action Of Various Carbohydrates And The Development Of Subsequent Dental Caries, Pat O. O'Day

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Previous work with rats, hamsters and monkeys has shown a direct relationship between refined diets high in carbohydrates and caries susceptibility. Adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals have been shown to be necessary for proper tooth development and resistance to decay. The glycoprotein content of hamster teeth raised on a non-cariogenic Purina ration was reported to be lower than the amount found in the teeth of animals raised on a high sugar cariogenic diet.

In order to determine the caries susceptibility produced in Albino rats by different common carbohydrates, an artificial feeding technique was utilized in which the amount and …

A Study Of Three Photochemical Activities Of Chloroplasts, Jimmy W. Hinkson

Theses and Dissertations

Chloroplasts of sugar beet leaves were subjected to treatment by heating, by incubation at pH 8.5 and pH 5.5, by incubation in ion low water, by sonic oscillation, by digestion with enzymes (lysozyme, pancreatin, and lipase), by extraction with digitonin, and by chemical compounds including 8-hydroxy-quinoline, sodium azide, zinc sulfate, phenyl mercuric acetate, potassium cyanide, 1-allylthiourea, 2,4-dinitrophenol, thymol, and p-chloromercuribenzoate. A comparative study was made of the effects of these treatments upon three photochemical reactions (the photoreduction of 2,6- dichlorophenol indophenol, the photoreduction of indigo carmine in the presence of a couple composed of 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol and ascorbic acid, and …

Chemosynthetic Microorganisms In Leaching Sulfide Minerals, A. Keith Jameson

Theses and Dissertations

This investigation showed that a single bacterium was capable of sulfide oxidation in exposed ore bodies. This single bacterium was isolated and characterized. It exhibited different characteristics than any previously known organism. It was found to be a chemosynthetic autotroph. An optimum nutrient concentration was determined for pyrite oxidation. The nutrient concentration was determined for pyrite oxidation. The nutrient contains only a source of phosphate and nitrogen. Urea was found to be a better source of nitrogen than ammonium sulfate which had previously been used. The effect of various organic compounds on the oxidation of pyrite was observed. Glucose and …

Some Supplementary Studies With Wheat Proteins, Gerald G. Porter

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

[Abstract Not Included]

Introduction The importance of selecting only foods containing proteins of high nutritive value has been somewhat over-emphasized in the past because of the failure to recognize the possibility of supplementary relationships among proteins that are not of high quality. Hart (11) has wisely suggested that a food should not be relegated to an inferior class because its proteins, when fed alone, are not of high biological value. Sherman (31) has reminded us that with a knowledge of the nutritional chemistry of the proteins of various foods, it becomes relatively easy to utilize their supplementary relationships so that …

An Enzymically Catalyzed Incorporation Of Amines Into Proteins / Nirmal K. Sarkar Donald D. Clarke Heinrich Waelsch Department Of Biochemistry, College Of Physicians And Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, And The New York Psychiatric Institute, New York, N.Y. (U.S.A.), Nirmal K. Sarkar, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Heinrich Waelsch

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In experiments reported some years ago the enzyme-catalyzed exchange of the amide group of glutamine and asparagine with 15N ammonia was demonstrated but an exchange of the amide groups of protein bound dicarboxylic amino acids could not be explored owing to the unfavorable experimental conditions1 . Recently the problem of the metabolism of protein-amide groups was approached again with the aid of 14C-labeled amines, such as ethanolamine or cadaverine. Soluble protein fractions obtained from sucrose homogenates (o.2sM) of the livers of guinea pigs, rats, mice, and rabbits by centrifugation at roo,ooo X g were incubated in the presence of Ca++ …

Synthesis Of Phosphatidyl Peptides I. O-(Distearoyl-L-A-Glycerylphosphoryl)-L-Serylglycylglycine / By Erich Baer, Jonas Maurukas, And Donald D. Clarke (From The Banting And Best Department Of Medical Research, University Of Toronto, Toronto, Canada), Erich Baer, Jonas Maurukas, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The synthesis of a phosphatidyl tripeptide has been accomplished. It was prepared by (a) phosphorylation of D-α,β-distearin with phenylphosphoryl dichloride and pyridine, (b) esterification of the resulting distearoylL- α-glycerylphenylphosphoryl chloride with N-carbobenzoxy-L-serylglycylglycine benzyl ester in the presence of lutidine, and (c) removal of the protective groups by catalytic hydrogenolysis. The O-( distearoyl-L-α-glycerylphosphoryl)- L-serylglycylglycine was obtained in an over-all yield of 12 per cent. The synthesis of N-carbobenzoxy-L-serylglycylglycine benzyl ester, for which two procedures have been reported, has been simplified considerably by condensing N -carbobenzoxy-L-serine with glycylglycine benzyl ester by means of N ,N' -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The phosphatidyl tripeptide is cleaved by …

Metabolic Activity Of Protein Amide Groups, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Amos Neidle, Nirmal K. Sarkar, Heinrich Waelsch

Chemistry Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Oxidation Of Molybdenite With The Aid Of Microorganisms, Ralph Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

This work represents a study on the biological oxidation of molybdenite, MoS2. The principal objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of the biological oxidation of molybdenite, to determine the physical and chemical conditions under which the oxidative process occurs, and to develop a strain of bacteria or alter the activity of the microorganisms by acclimatization to increase their activity on sulfide minerals, in particular molybdenite. Minerals used in this study were pyrite (FeS2), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), molybdenite concentrate, and molybdenite ore. The microorganisms used in this investigation were autotrophic bacteria obtained from the leaching streams of Bingham Canyon, …

Photo-Oxidations Sensitized By Physiologically Important Substances, Ernel D. Ihnen

Theses and Dissertations

A study of the photo-oxidation of the 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol-ascorbic couple was undertaken with a view to investigating the postulated mechanism of oxidation by a component of the oxygen evolving sequence operative in photosynthesis. A spectrophotometric method for the measurement of the progress of photo-oxidation was developed. Temperature and pH dependence were determined and the effect of various common inhibitors and physiological substances tested. None of the common Hill reaction inhibitors were effective in the ascorbic acid photo-oxidation in the system used. KCN and catalase as well as a few other high molecular weight proteins were able to inhibit dark auto-oxidation …

L-Serylglycylglycine / By Erich Baer, Jonas Maurukas, And Donald D. Clarke, Erich Baer, Jonas Maurukas, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

A synthesis of the hitherto unreported L-serylglycylglycine by two different methods is described. N-carbobenzoxy L-serylglycylglycine benzyl ester, an intermediate in the preparation of the tripeptide, was found to be a suitable derivative in the synthesis of L-α-phosphatidyl L-serylglycylglycine

Radicinin: A Metabolite From Stemphylium Radicinum. I. Chemistry And Action / D. D. Clarke And F. F. Nord From The Department Of Organic Chemistry And Enzymology, Fordham University, New York, New York, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Friedrich F. Nord

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The conditions for the growth of Sterad and isolation of radicinin are described. The formula C12H1205 wasas established for this compound by preparation and analyses of several derivatives. Degradation and spectrophotometric studies were employed to establish the molecular formula. Studies on the mode of action of radicinin revealed that it caused an increase in the rate of dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol by FIB, but that it had no effect on the quantity or degree of desaturation of the fat synthesized by FIB

Radicinin: A Metabolite From Stemphylium Radicinum. Ii. On The Mechanism Of Its Biosynthesis / D. D. Clarke And F. F. Nord From The Department Of Organic Chemistry And Enzymology, Fordham University, New York, New York, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Friedrich F. Nord

Chemistry Faculty Publications

After studying the effect of various substrates and also of certain enzyme inhibitors on the rate of formation of radicinin by Sterad, it is suggested that the carbohydrate molecule is utilized intact in the biosynthesis of radicinin