Zoology Commons^™

Effects Of Road-Stream Crossings On Populations Of The Idaho Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon Aterrimus), Richard K. Honeycutt

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Habitat disturbances affect wildlife populations through numerous mechanisms, and determining specific components of habitat disturbances affecting those populations is challenging. For example, a single disturbance can both change local habitat conditions and impose limitations on dispersal of animals. Both of these components can negatively affect biological responses, such as body condition, local movement patterns, or survival. Culverts are a habitat disturbance having both of these components. Culverts affect local habitat conditions by increasing sediment levels in downstream reaches, negatively affecting animals downstream of culverts. Culverts also impose limits on dispersal by blocking passage of stream organisms to upstream reaches, negatively …

Aspects Of The Trophic Ecology Of An Invertivorous Snake Community, Meagan Amanda Thomas

Masters Theses

Understanding the significance of trophic links has been of interest to ecologists for decades, likely because food web studies have the potential to reveal a considerable amount of information in the fields of ecosystem and community ecology. Despite the intrinsic benefits that come from elucidating food web structures, doing so is often problematic because of the complex and dynamic nature of ecological communities. The dietary ecology of small-bodied invertivorous snakes remains relatively understudied compared to other snake species. Many of these species are abundant throughout their range, making them ideal organisms for studying community-level questions. I employed a combination of …

Resurrection And Redescription Of Varestrongylus Alces (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae), A Lungworm Of The Eurasian Moose (Alces Alces), With Report On Associated Pathology, Guilherme G. Verocai, Eric P. Hoberg, Turid Vikøren, Kjell Handeland, Bjørnar Ytrehus, Andrew M. Rezansoff, Rebecca K. Davidson, John S. Gilleard, Susan J. Kutz

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Background: Varestrongylus alces, a lungworm in Eurasian moose from Europe has been considered a junior synonym of Varestrongylus capreoli, in European roe deer, due to a poorly detailed morphological description and the absence of a type-series.

Methods: Specimens used in the redescription were collected from lesions in the lungs of Eurasian moose, from Vestby, Norway. Specimens were described based on comparative morphology and integrated approaches. Molecular identification was based on PCR, cloning and sequencing of the ITS-2 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis compared V. alces ITS-2 sequences to these of other Varestrongylus species …

Determinants Of Bite Force In Four Species Of Sharks From The Gulf Of Mexico With An Emphasis On The Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae, Kyle Walter Rice

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Bite force can provide valuable information regarding the physiological ecology of an organism. However, there have been few studies wherein bite force in sharks has been considered. Herein I report on a study of the bite force of four species of sharks with particular emphasis on that of the atlantic sharpnose shark, rhizoprionodon terraenovae. Among the four species examined, blacktip shark, carcharhinus limbatus bite force was significantly higher than that of sharpnose, rhizoprionodon terraenovae. There was no significant difference between the bite force of those species compared with the same for finetooth shark, c. Isodon and spinner shark, c. Brevipinna. …

Differential Responding By Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) And Humans (Homo Sapiens) To Variable Outcomes In The Assurance Game, Audrey E. Parrish, Sarah F. Brosnan, Bart J. Wilson, Michael J. Beran

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

Behavioral flexibility in how one responds to variable partner play can be examined using economic coordination games in which subjects play against a variety of partners and therefore may need to alter their behavior to produce the highest payoff. But how do we study this behavioral flexibility once players have settled on a response? Here, we investigated how responding by rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and humans (Homo sapiens) playing a computerized single-player version of a coordination game, the Assurance game, changed as a function of the variable responses (Stag/Hare) generated by multiple simulations (SIMs). We were interested in whether individuals …

Examination Of The Snsag Surface Antigen Gene Family In Sarcocystis Neurona, Ablesh Gautam

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Sarcocystis neurona is a protozoan parasite that causes the serious neurologic disease equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The life cycle of S. neurona progresses through multiple developmental stages that differ morphologically and molecularly. The S. neurona merozoite surface is covered by multiple related proteins, which are orthologous to the surface antigen (SAG) gene family of Toxoplasma gondii. The SAG surface antigens in T. gondii and another related parasite Neospora caninum are life cycle stage-specific and seem necessary for parasite transmission and persistence of infection. The present research was conducted to explore the gene family of SnSAGs in S. …

Natural History Notes And Records Of Vertebrates From Arkansas, M. B. Connior, R. Tumlison, H. W. Robison, C. T. Mcallister, D. A. Neely

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

New Host And Location Record For The Bat Bug Cimex Adjunctus Barber 1939, With A Summary Of Previous Records, M. E. Grilliot, J. L. Hunt, C. G. Sims, C. E. Comer

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

In June 2009, 14 Rafinesque’s big-eared bats(Corynorhinus rafinesquii) were collected from an abandoned house near Shepherd, San Jacinto County, Texas. Three individuals harbored bat bugs which were subsequently identified as Cimex adjunctus Barber 1939. This is the first record of this species from C. rafinesquii. In August 2013, 10 C. rafinesquii were collected from a maternity colony in Drew County in southeastern Arkansas. Four of the bats harbored bat bugs, which were identified as C. adjunctus. This is the first record of this bat bug from Arkansas. A summary of previous state and host records of the insect is provided, …

Fecundity Of Arkansas Tarantulas Aphonopelma Hentzi (Girard), A. K. Jones, D. H. Jamieson, T. L. Jamieson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Haemogregarina Sp. (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae), Telorchis Attenuata (Digenea: Telorchiidae) And Neoechinorhynchus Emydis (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) From Map Turtles (Graptemys Spp.), In Northcentral Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, C. R. Bursey, H. W. Robison, M. B. Connior, M. A. Barger

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

New Host And Geographic Distribution Records For The Fish Leech Myzobdella Reducta (Meyer, 1940) (Hirudinida: Piscicolidae), D. J. Richardson, W. E. Moser, C. T. Mcallister, R. Tumlison, J. W. Allen Jr., M. A. Barger, H. W. Robison, D. A. Neely, G. Watkins-Colwell

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Size And Age Records For An Arkansas Specimen Of The American Bullfrog, Lithobates Catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae), S. E. Trauth, T. A. Welch

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Habitat Quality Influences Migratory Strategy Of Female White-Tailed Deer, Charles R. Henderson Jr.

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Partial migration is a life history strategy that is common for ungulate species living in seasonal environments. One factor that influences the decision to migrate by ungulates is access to high quality habitat. We evaluated the influence of access to winter habitat of high quality on the probability of an individual migrating, the differences in seasonal habitat use between and within migratory and resident classes of deer, and the effects of this decision on the survival of female white-tailed deer. We hypothesized that deer with home ranges of relatively low quality in winter would have a relatively high probability of …

Effects Of Audible Human Disturbance On Koala (Phascolarctos Cinereus) Behavior In Queensland, Australia And Implications For Management, Galina Eugenia Kinsella

Honors Theses and Capstones

As the growing human population continues to encroach on wildlife habitat, species are forced to adapt in order to survive. In addition to causing habitat loss, human presence can create more subtle disturbances, such as noise pollution, that disrupt wildlife behavior. Adapting to human presence is particularly difficult for species with specialized resource needs or low mobility. The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), a national icon of Australia, meets both these criteria. Koalas were once abundant throughout Australia, but are now classified as “threatened.” Habitat loss is at least partly responsible for this decline, but anthropogenic noise may also be …

Thermal Ecology Of Urosaurus Ornatus (Ornate Tree Lizard), In The Northern Chihuahuan Desert On Indio Mountains Research Station, Texas, Julia Sandoval Alva

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The main goal of this study was to determine the thermal ecology of the small tree lizard Urosaurus ornatus in a Chihuahuan Desert landscape. The study site was located at Indio Mountains Research Station (IMRS), Hudspeth County, Texas. We obtained body temperature (Tb) data on 385 lizards collected from April 2007 to June 2014 during the active period using a cloacal thermometer. Additionally, we recorded air temperature (Ta) and substrate temperature (Ts) of lizard microhabitats at the time of capture, and the operative temperature of lizard models left in the sun and shade from May to September 2014. My results …

Small Tidal Channels Improve Foraging Opportunities For Calidris Shorebirds, Aileen K. Miller, Catherine E. De Rivera

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Estuarine intertidal habitats are heterogeneous, therefore migratory shorebirds are expected to forage in microhabitats where they can maximize their energy intake. Identifying proximate factors that migratory shorebirds use to accept or reject a particular habitat patch will help land managers make conservation and restoration decisions that provide the greatest benefits to shorebird populations during migration, a period of intense energy usage. We examined whether small semipermanent tidal channels were preferentially used by foraging Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) and Dunlins (C. alpina) during a spring migratory stopover in Bandon Marsh, an Oregon, USA, estuary. Further, we tested …

Morphological And Biometrical Comparisons Of The Baculum In The Genus Nannospalax Palmer, 1903 (Rodentia: Spalacidae) From Turkey With Consideration Of Its Taxonomic Importance, Teoman Kankiliç, Tolga Kankiliç, Peri̇nçek Seçki̇n Ozan Şeker, Erkut Kivanç

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The morphological variability of the baculum (os penis) of 147 adult specimens of species in the genus Nannospalax from 58 localities in Turkey was examined using morphological and numerical taxonomic methods. Significant differences among all of the Turkish species in the genus were determined by morphological and biometrical comparison of the bacula, and the results of this study showed that N. nehringi and N. xanthodon are separate species and that the names are not synonyms. Additionally, because the central Anatolian mole rat populations that were classified by previous studies as members of N. nehringi or N. xanthodon had highly different …

Pentastomids Of Wild Snakes In Australia, Crystal Kelehear, David M. Spratt, Denis O'Meally, Richard Shine

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Pentastomids are endoparasites of the respiratory system of vertebrates, maturing primarily in carnivorous reptiles. Adult and larval pentastomids can cause severe pathology resulting in the death of their intermediate and definitive hosts. The study of pentastomids is a neglected field, impaired by risk of zoonoses, difficulties in species identification, and life cycle complexities. We surveyed wild snakes in the tropics of Australia to clarify which host species possess these parasites, and then sought to identify these pentastomids using a combination of morphological and molecular techniques. We detected pentastomid infections in 59% of the 81 snakes surveyed. The ubiquity of pentastomid …

Redescription Of Oligacanthorhynchus Microcephalus (Rudolphi, 1819) Schmidt 1972 (Syn. Oligacanthorhynchus Tortuosa (Leidy, 1850) Schmidt 1972) (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae), Dennis J. Richardson, Scott Lyell Gardner, Jonathan W. Allen Jr.

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Oligacanthorhynchus microcephalus (Rudolphi, 1819) Schmidt, 1972 was originally described from the philander opossum Caluromys philander from Brazil. Oligacanthorhynchus tortuosa (Leidy, 1850) Schmidt, 1972 was originally described from the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) in North America. Six years after describing O. tortuosa, Leidy indicated the synonomy of O. tortuosa with O. microcephalus. This taxonomic view persisted for decades until Van Cleave, in 1924, recognized the validity of O. tortuosa, apparently without examining the type material of O. microcephalus. Subsequent workers have recognized two species of Oligacanthorhynchus from New World opossums: O. microcephalus from South American …

Varestrongylus Eleguneniensis Sp. N. (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae): A Widespread, Multi-Host Lungworm Of Wild North American Ungulates, With An Emended Diagnosis For The Genus And Explorations Of Biogeography, Guilherme G. Verocai, Susan J. Kutz, Manon Simard, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Background: A putative new species of Varestrongylus has been recently recognized in wild North American ungulates based on the ITS-2 sequences of larvae isolated from feces during a wide geographic survey. No taxonomic description was provided, as adult specimens were not examined. Methods: Lungworm specimens were collected in the terminal bronchioles of muskoxen from Quebec, and a woodland caribou from central Alberta, Canada. The L3 stage was recovered from experimentally infected slugs (Deroceras spp.). Description of specimens was based on comparative morphology and integrated approaches. Molecular identity was determined by PCR and sequencing of the ITS-2 region of …

Bolivian Ectoparasites: A Survey Of The Fleas Of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae), Elisa Pucu De Araujo, Scott L. Gardner, Marcela Lareschi

Papers in Parasitology

We present the results of a multiyear survey of the fleas from ctenomyid rodents across many different habitats from throughout Bolivia. New species records for Bolivia include Tiamastus palpalis and Ectinorus (Panallius) galeanus. New records of fleas from Ctenomys in Bolivia include Gephyropsylla klagesi, Sphinctopsylla inca, and Tetrapsyllus tristis.

Bolivian Ectoparasites: A Survey Of The Fleas Of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae), Elisa Pucu De Araujo, Marcela Lareschi, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

We present the results of a multiyear survey of the fleas from ctenomyid rodents across many different habitats from throughout Bolivia. New species records for Bolivia include Tiamastus palpalis and Ectinorus (Panallius) galeanus. New records of fleas from Ctenomys in Bolivia include Gephyropsylla klagesi, Sphinctopsylla inca, and Tetrapsyllus tristis.

Revision Of Anacaena Thomson, 1859 Xi. Republic Of The Philippines (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), Hendrik Freitag

Biology Faculty Publications

The species of Anacaena THOMSON, 1859 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) of the Republic of the Philippines are revised. Fifteen new species are described: Anacaena albay sp.n., A. amplocomata sp.n., A. apo sp.n., A. balabag sp.n., A. cordillera sp.n., A. davao sp.n., A. destructa sp.n., A. emergens sp.n., A. hemisphaerica sp.n., A. levistriata sp.n., A. philippina sp.n., A. princesa sp.n., A. quezona sp.n., A. sulcata sp.n., and A. zamboangana. All species are endemic to the Philippines, twelve are aquatic, the habitat of three species is unknown. All Philippine species are morphologically similar to other species of the eastern Oriental Region and probably do …

Animals' Capability To Bond And The Implications That Follow, Falyn Goldfarb

Honors College Theses

This paper explores the ways in which humans have historically viewed animals, with a focus on Descartes theory automata. Further concepts of the problem of different minds, inherent value, empathy, love, friendship, grief, isolation, anthropomorphism, and biochemistry (focusing on oxytocin, cortisol and the prefrontal cortex) are all explored. Numerous literature reviews are used as examples to fight against the argument that animals are merely machines and can therefore be used and abused. Animal social bonds, including parent-child, purely social, and animal-human, are analyzed for their evolutionary and biological purposes in attempt to highlight the relationships that are not obviously valuable …

First Report Of Satellite Males During Breeding In Leptodactylus Latrans (Amphibia, Anura), Gabriel Laufer, Noelia Gobel, José M. Mautone, María Galán, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Individual males can adopt alternative mating tactics. The occurrence of satellite males is a common behaviour across anuran taxa (e.g., Lithobates clamitans, Wells, 1977; Anaxyrus cognatus, Krupa, 1989; Dendropsophus ebraccatus, Miyamoto and Cane, 1980; Rhinella crucifer, Forester and Lynken, 1986). Satellite males take peripheral positions to calling males, and adopt alternate mating tactics in an attempt to intercept females that are attracted to calling males (Wells, 2007) to increase their own mating success. Satellite males could have an inexpensive form of mate-locating, avoiding predators, and saving energy (Arak, 1983). Furthermore, this strategy could play an important role in the genetic …

Taxonomy, Distribution, And Ecology Of Crustacean Zooplankton In Trough Waters Of Ankara (Turkey), Eli̇f Başak, Cem Aygen, Okan Külköylüoğlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Troughs are one of the main components of villages in Turkey. They are constructed by converting springs or underground waters. Until now, there has been no extensive study investigating the composition and diversity of trough zooplankton species. In order to contribute knowledge on the zooplanktons in troughs, 142 troughs were randomly sampled from 17 districts in Ankara Province between 22 June and 3 July 2011. A total of 18 zooplanktons including 11 Copepoda and 7 Cladocera species were determined. Twelve of the 18 (Paracyclops chiltoni, Paracylops fimbriatus, Paracyclops imminutus, Tropocyclops prasinus, Diacyclops bisetosus, Acanthocyclops vernalis, Canthocamptus staphylinus, Attheyella crassa, Bryocamptus …

Evaluation Of Vertical And Horizontal Changes In Community Structure Of Zooplankton In A Deep Dam Lake, Di̇dem Gökçe, Duygu Özhan Turhan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The purpose of this study was to describe the horizontal and vertical distributions of the zooplankton community structure in Karakaya Dam Lake. Rotifers were numerically dominant (81.89%) in the community during the study period; they were followed by Copepoda (10.32%) and Cladocera (7.79%). In the metalimnetic maximum oxygen zone between 5 and 10 m, cladocerans made up 70.1% of the total number of zooplankton in June and 27.3% of the total number of zooplankton in November. Oxygen values decreased at 10 and 15 m in September and November. While the abundance of rotifers and cladocerans decreased as well, cyclopoids increased …

Distribution Of Littoral Benthic Amphipods Off The Levantine Coast Of Turkey With New Records, Ahmet Kerem Bakir, Tuncer Katağan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A total of 143 species belonging to Amphipoda were found at the depths between the supralittoral zone and 200 m along the Levantine coast of Turkey. Ten species (Ampelisca spinifer, Cheiriphotis mediterranea, Deutella shieckei, Ericthonius argenteus, Gammaropsis crenulata, Gammaropsis sophiae, Isaea montagui, Ischyrocerus inexpectatus, Liropus elongatus, and Melita bulla) were recorded for the first time in Turkey, while 69 species were new for the Levantine coast of Turkey. Platorchestia platensis was the only species observed out of water (supralittoral). The other encountered species showed distribution in various depths of between 0 and 200 m. The biogeographical categories of determined species …

Interpopulation Differences In Shell Forms Of The Pearl Oyster, Pinctada Imbricata Radiata (Bivalvia: Pterioida), In The Northern Persian Gulf Inferred From Principal Component Analysis And Elliptic Fourier Analysis, Moein Rajaei, Hadi Poorbagher, Hamid Farahmand, Mohammad Sedigh Mortazavi, Soheil Eagderi

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Metapopulation characterization and discrimination of the pearl oyster Pinctada imbricata radiata in the northern part of the Persian Gulf is unknown. This study was conducted to examine differences in shell morphology of P. imbricata radiata from the Hendourabi and Lavan islands using principal component analysis (PCA) and elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA). Both EFA and PCA differentiated the shell form of the 2 populations significantly. PCA indicated that the pearl oysters from Hendourabi tended to be longer, while those from Lavan were wider and greater in thickness (width). Based on EFA, the specimens of Hendourabi Island were more fusiform than those …

Ctenocallis Israelica – First Record In Central Europe, With A Note On The Genus Ctenocallis, Roman Halaj, Barbara Osiadacz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This paper presents a new locality for a rare aphid species from Panaphidini (Aphidoidea: Drepanosiphidae, Calaphidinae), Ctenocallis israelica Hille Ris Lambers, 1954, which was recorded for the first time in Hungary and also for the first time in Central Europe. The genus Ctenocallis Klodnitsky, 1924 has been briefly described. The main morphological diagnostic features of apterous viviparous females have been presented, which allow the distinguishing of separate species of the genus. Their current range and the possibility of its broadening have been discussed on the basis of present information on the occurrence of these aphid species. Furthermore, the history of …