Dairy Science Commons^™

Efficiency Of Energy Utilization And Fecal Mineral Excretion In Holstein And Jersey Dairy Cows, Gabriel Garcia Gomez

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Eight multiparous Holstein and 8 Jersey dairy cows were used to complete energy balance trials designed to determine the effect of breed on the production and energy efficiency of milk, and energy partitioning. A repeated switchback design was used to compare the effect of cow breed. Diets consisted of 24.5% corn silage, 18.4% alfalfa hay, 6.9% grass hay, with either 22.9% rolled corn and 14.8% soybean meal (CON) or 8.95% rolled corn and 28.8% reduced fat distillers grains (RFDDGS) DM-basis. Diets were offered ad libitum for a 28 d adaptation period and 95% ad libitum for a 4 d collection …

Culturally Speaking: Of Rotary Phones And Dairy Foods, Phillip Tong

Dairy Science

No abstract provided.

Partial Calcium Depletion During Membrane Filtration Affects Gelation Of Reconstituted Milk Protein Concentrates, H. Eshpari, R. Jiménez-Flores, P. S. Tong, M. Corredig

Dairy Science

Milk protein concentrate powders (MPC) with improved rehydration properties are often manufactured using processing steps, such as acidification and high-pressure processing, and with addition of other ingredients, such as sodium chloride, during their production. These steps are known to increase the amount of serum caseins or modify the mineral equilibrium, hence improving solubility of the retentates. The processing functionality of the micelles may be affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of partial acidification by adding glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) to skim milk during membrane filtration on the structural changes of the casein micelles by observing their chymosin-induced …

Feeding A Brown Midrib Corn Silage-Based Diet To Growing Beef Steers Improves Growth Performance And Economic Returns, C. S. Saunders, S. Y. Yang, J.-S. Eun, D. M. Feuz, D. R. Zobell

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

A feedlot experiment was performed to determine growth performance, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and economic returns for growing beef steers when fed a brown midrib corn silage-based total mixed ration (BMRT) compared with a conventional corn silage-based total mixed ration (CCST). Twenty-four Angus crossbred steers (initial body weight=258±23.2 kg) in individual pens were used in a completely randomized design (n=12). Intake of dry matter was not different between the treatments. Steers fed the BMRT tended to have greater average daily gain (1.54 vs. 1.42 kg d−1; P=0.09) and gain-to-feed ratio (0.165 vs. 0.146; P=0.07) compared with those fed the CCST. Feeding …

Prevalence And Knowledge Of Brucellosis In Dairy Cattle In Makuyu Division, Murang’A County, Kenya, Dr. Michael N. Gicheru, Dr. Eric Mwangi, Mwangi Rachel Mbaire

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Brucellosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease that affects man, domestic animals and wildlife. The bacteria Brucella abortus is the principle cause of brucellosis in cattle. The incidence of the disease in humans, and which directly relates to that in other animals, is highly dependent on animal husbandry practices, the interaction between humans and animals, living standards, hygiene, food customs, and animal and human population density. Makuyu Division where the study was undertaken experiences hot and dry climate, the area has no permanent rivers and domestic water is obtained from boreholes. Most families live in congested homes and are provided with …

Failure Of A Heterologous Recombinant Sca5/Ompb Protein-Based Vaccine To Elicit Effective Protective Immunity Against Rickettsia Rickettsii Infections In C3h/Hen Mice, Sean P. Riley, Marissa M. Cardwell, Yvonne G. Chan, Ludovic Pruneau, Fabio Del Piero, Juan J. Martinez

Faculty Publications

Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsial species are obligate intracellular tick-borne pathogens that are responsible for important human diseases. Previous reports have demonstrated the feasibility of using recombinant surface cell antigen Sca5/OmpB to elicit protective immunity against homologous challenges using murine models of Mediterranean spotted fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. In addition, the feasibility of generating cross-protective immunity against related rickettsial species has also been established, but the molecular basis for these phenomena was not explored. Here, we demonstrate that vaccination of C3H/HeN mice with a recombinant OmpB domain derived from Rickettsia conorii induced high titer humoral immune responses that …

Effects Of Bedding With Recycled Sand On Lying Behaviors, Udder Hygiene, And Preferences Of Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows, Heather Deanna Ingle

Masters Theses

Effects of bedding with recycled sand and season on lying behaviors, stress, hygiene, and preferences of late-lactation Holstein cows were studied. Cows (n=64) were divided into 4 groups (n=8 per group) per season. In summer (Aug-Sept), cows were balanced by days in milk (268.1±11.9 d) and parity (2.0±0.2). In winter (Jan-Feb), mean DIM was 265.5±34.1 d. Cows were assigned to one of two treatments (trt) using a crossover design with each trt lasting 7-d (no-choice phase): bedding with recycled sand (RS; n=32) or control (CO; clean sand; n=32). Stocking density was maintained at 100%. Choice phase allowed a cow to …

Efficacy Of Extending The Voluntary Waiting Period In Lactating Dairy Cows To Improve Fertility Of Sex-Sorted Semen, Sarah E. Orr

Masters Theses

The objective of this study was to compare fertility of sex-sorted semen in lactating cows using a voluntary waiting period (VWP) of approximately 55 days (VWP55) or 85 days (VWP85). At 21 days in milk (DIM), cows were randomly assigned to begin estrus synchronization at 55 or 85 DIM. Only cows confirmed cyclic by 55 DIM were synchronized. At 55 or 85 DIM, cows [VWP55 (n=44); VWP85 (n=45)] having a corpus luteum (CL) were administered PGF_2α [two alpha]. Estrus was monitored continuously by the HeatWatch® [registered sign] system ( …

Evaluation Of Reproductive Efficiency In Lactating Dairy Cows Through Physiologic Evaluation And Synchronization Modification, Charles Dexter Young

Doctoral Dissertations

Reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows has decreased as milk production has increased as a result of genetic selection. Milk production alone is not the reason for decreased reproductive performance, as fertility issues are multifactorial and collaborative. Research chapters contained within have taken an applied approach focusing in two different areas of fertility. One approach was development of an evaluation system to identify lactating cows with decreased fertility prior to breeding; while another approach was to modify an ovulation synchronization protocol during periods of heat stress in order to improve fertility. The first focus was development and evaluation of a …

Cytokine Gene Expression In The Maternal-Fetal Interface In Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Pregnancies In Small Ruminants, Heloisa M. Rutigliano, Amanda Wilhelm, Justin Hall, Bi Shi, Qinggang Meng, Rusty Stott, Tom D. Bunch, Kenneth L. White, Christopher J. Davies, Irina A. Polejaeva

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

The present retrospective study investigates pregnancy rates, incidence of pregnancy losses and large offspring syndrome (LOS), and immune-related gene expression of sheep and goat somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) pregnancies. We hypothesized that significantly higher pregnancy losses observed in sheep SCNT pregnancies compared to goats are due to the increased amounts of T-helper 1 cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators at the maternal-fetal interface. Sheep and goat SCNT pregnancies were generated using the same procedure. Control pregnancies were established by natural breeding. Although SCNT pregnancy rates at 45 days were similar in both species, pregnancy losses between 45 and 60 days and …

The Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Favipiravir Protects Guinea Pigs From Lethal Lassa Virus Infection Post-Disease Onset, David Safronetz, Kyle Rosenke, Cynthia Martellaro, Heinz Feldmann, Jonna B. Westover, Brian B. Gowen, Atsushi Okumura, Yousuke Furuta, Takashi Komeno, Greg Saturday, Joan Geisbert, Thomas W. Geisbert

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

With up to 500,000 infections annually, Lassa virus (LASV), the cause of Lassa fever, is one of the most prevalent etiological agents of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) in humans. LASV is endemic in several West African countries with sporadic cases and prolonged outbreaks observed most commonly in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria. Additionally several cases of Lassa fever have been imported into North America, Europe and Asia making LASV a global threat to public health. Despite this, currently no approved therapeutic or vaccine exists to treat or prevent LASV infections. Here, using a passaged strain of LASV that is …

A Tail Of Two Phages: Genomic And Functional Analysis Of Listeria Monocytogenes Phages Vb_Lmos_188 And Vb_Lmos_293 Reveal The Receptor-Binding Proteins Involved In Host Specificity, Aidan Casey, Kieran Jordan, Horst Neve, Aidan Coffey, Olivia Mcauliffe

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

The physical characteristics of bacteriophages establish them as viable candidates for downstream development of pathogen detection assays and biocontrol measures. To utilize phages for such purposes, a detailed knowledge of their host interaction mechanisms is a prerequisite. There is currently a wealth of knowledge available concerning Gram-negative phage-host interaction, but little by comparison for Gram-positive phages and Listeria phages in particular. In this research, the lytic spectrum of two recently isolated Listeria monocytogenes phages (vB_LmoS_188 and vB_LmoS_293) was determined, and the genomic basis for their observed serotype 4b/4e host-specificity was investigated using comparative genomics. The late tail genes of these …

Tb181: 2000 Milk Processing Costs In Maine, Timothy J. Dalton, George K. Criner, John Halloran

George K. Criner

The objective of this study is to provide an estimate of the theoretically lowest achievable costs of processing and distributing milk in Maine. This processing and distribution margin (referred hence as "margin") is estimated for a state-of-the-art processing plant assumed to be located in the Portland, Maine, area. The plant is assumed to produce and distribute a line of products including white milk, chocolate milk, orange juice, and other fruit drinks, and to distribute additional purchased products such as cheeses and yogurts. This report will present information for four plants to better study the impact of plant size and production …

B853: Cost Of Producing Milk In Maine: Results From The 2010 Dairy Cost Of Production Survey, Richard Kersbergen, Gary Anderson, George Criner, Anthony Davis

George K. Criner

The present study reports on a survey conducted for the Maine Milk Commission to determine the cost of milk production for 2010. This assessment was undertaken sooner than the normal three-year update because of the difficult economic climate for dairy farms in Maine.

Tb204: Organic Milk Production In Maine: Attributes, Costs, And Returns, Amelia L. Cook, Patrick S. Heacock, George K. Criner, Lisa A. Bragg

George K. Criner

This report summarizes attributes, costs, and returns for organic dairy farms in Maine that responded to the 2008 dairy cost of production survey. This survey and analysis was conducted by the University of Maine in cooperation with the Maine Milk Commission. This publication reports on data collected over the 2007 production year. Analysis and discussion of the data revolve around four categories. The first category averages all 30 organic farms to create a statewide group. The authors then broke these 30 farms into three size groups (small, medium, and large) based on the number of cows on each farm. There …

Culturally Speaking: Beyond The Dairy Case: Cultured Products As Food Ingredients, Phillip Tong

Dairy Science

No abstract provided.

Estimating Plasma Volume In Neonatal Holstein Calves Fed One Or Two Feedings Of A Lacteal-Based Colostrum Replacer Using Evans Blue Dye And Hematocrit Values At Various Time Points., Peter S. Erickson, Rosemarie G. Cabral Ph.D., Colleen E. Chapman Ms, E. J. Kent

Biological Sciences

Twenty-eight Holstein calves were blocked by birth date and randomly assigned to one of two treatments to investigate the effect of colostrum replacer (CR) feeding regimen on plasma volume (PV). Treatments were: 1) one feeding of CR (C₁; 3L of reconstituted CR 675 g of powder providing 184.5 g of IgG at birth) or 2) two feedings of CR (C₂; 2L of reconstituted CR at birth and 1 L of reconstituted CR at six h). By 6 h of age, all calves had received 3L of CR providing 184.5 g …

P-11 Determining Social Preference Of Holstein Cows Based On Stall Selection, Yoona Kang

Honors Scholars & Undergraduate Research Poster Symposium Programs

Cows, like other animals, have dominance hierarchies but there is anecdotal evidence that cows also have preferred herd mates with whom they spend more time. This research project sought to gain more detail about cow social groups at the Andrews University Dairy by determining the relative social ranking of cows within two different lots and the social groupings within each lot. The dominance ranking was inferred by observing which cows occupy the more desirable stalls. The social groupings were then determined by which cows lie near each other more often over the course of the observations.

Culturally Speaking: Move Over Blueberry: Make Way For Parsnip Yogurt, Phillip S. Tong

Dairy Science

No abstract provided.

Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection In Golden Syrian Hamsters, Dionna Scharton, Arnaud J. Van Wettere, Kevin W. Bailey, Zachary Vest, Jonna B. Westover, Venkatraman Siddharthan, Brian B. Gowen

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a formidable pathogen that causes severe disease and abortion in a variety of livestock species and a range of disease in humans that includes hemorrhagic fever, fulminant hepatitis, encephalitis and blindness. The natural transmission cycle involves mosquito vectors, but exposure can also occur through contact with infected fluids and tissues. The lack of approved antiviral therapies and vaccines for human use underlies the importance of small animal models for proof-of-concept efficacy studies. Several mouse and rat models of RVFV infection have been well characterized and provide useful systems for the study of certain aspects …

Investigating The Filled Gel Model In Cheddar Cheese Through Use Of Sephadex Beads, L. M. Barden, J. A. Osborne, Donald J. Mcmahon, E. A. Foegeding

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Cheese can be modeled as a filled gel whereby milkfat globules are dispersed in a casein gel network. We determined the filler effects using Sephadex beads (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA) as a model filler particle. Ideally, such a model could be used to test novel filler particles to replace milkfat in low-fat cheese. Low-filler (6% particles), reduced-filler (16%), and full-filler (33%) cheeses were produced using either Sephadex beads of varying sizes (20 to 150 μm diameter) or milkfat. Small- and large-strain rheological tests were run on each treatment at 8, 12, and 18 wk after cheese manufacturing. Differences …

Estudio De Factibilidad Para La Creación De Una Planta Pasteurizadora De Leche En El Corregimiento De Palermo, Magdalena, Melissa Jaramillo Yarce, Julio Hernandez Movilla

Zootecnia

Por medio de este trabajo se determinó la factibilidad técnica y económica del montaje de una planta pasteurizadora de leche en el municipio de Palermo, Magdalena durante el segundo semestre del 2013, con el fin de darle un valor agregado a la leche producida en los municipios de Pivijay y Sitio nuevo Magdalena, manejando un rango de utilidad en el producto final que sea asequible para los estratos 1 y 2 de Barranquilla, aportando a mejorar la seguridad alimentaria de una de las zonas más afectadas por la desnutrición infantil. El estudio se divide en 5 fases, el primer estudio …

Estudio Caso: Mortalidad Temprana En Lechones Lactantes En Una Granja Porcícola En Puerto Gaitán Meta, Juan Camilo Sabogal Henao

Zootecnia

Este proyecto se realizó en una granja porcicola ubicada en Puerto Gaitán, Meta, el segundo semestre del año 2014, el objetivo de este proyecto es determinar la causa de la mortalidad temprana en lechones lactantes con el fin de mejorar los parámetros productivos del sitio 1b, ya sea sugiriendo adecuaciones en las prácticas de los operarios, programa de alimentación, selección de las madres, entre otros aspectos. Se realizaron unos registros donde se reportaron los resultados obtenidos, que permitían evaluar el manejo de hembras gestantes y lactantes, manejo de neonatos, que implica el encalostramiento y causas de mortalidad. De acuerdo a …

Tlc Con La Unión Europea, Oportunidad O Amenaza En El Sector Lechero De Los Valles De Ubaté Y Chiquinquirá, Javier Parra Forero

Zootecnia

La firma del tratado de libre comercio de Colombia con la Unión Europea despertó muchas inquietudes y originó múltiples interrogantes respecto a las oportunidades o amenazas que se derivarán al entrar en vigencia los acuerdos comerciales, lo anteriormente descrito motivo estructurar un estudio que permitiera establecer las oportunidades y amenazas que genera el Tratado de Libre Comercio de Colombia con la Unión Europea en el sector lácteo de los Valles de Ubaté y Chiquinquirá, para esto se identificaron los volúmenes de producción y calidad de la leche que generan los sistemas productivos de esta región y se compararon estas variables …

Efecto Del Cromo En La Producción De Ganado Lechero En El Trópico Alto De Colombia, Juan Carlos Arrubla Ortega

Zootecnia

Objetivo. Evaluar la adición de cromo en ganado lechero Holstein y su efecto en la producción de leche, calidad de la leche y los días entre el parto y el primer y segundo celo. Materiales y métodos. El cromo se suministró directamente a los animales en cantidad definida por la fórmula (0.06mg de BW0.75), los animales tuvieron una misma dieta base compuesta de mezcla de pasto Pennisetum clandestinum, Lolium multiflorum y 2 kg de alimento balanceado comercial. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza con un modelo completamente al azar que incluyó dos tratamientos cada uno de 6 animales. Uno de …

Dairy Digest 2015, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

The Jackrabbit Dairy Review, Vikram Mistry

The Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review

No abstract provided.

Studies Related To Microbially Induced Corrosion Of Stainless Steel 304 And 316, Somil Gupta

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pitting corrosion of stainless steel (SS) is observed in many different industries including the dairy industry. It is of concern, because it weakens the steel, and can cause cracking. Any replacement or repair of SS equipment is very costly and also causes delays in product manufacture. Microbial Induced Corrosion (MIC) is a possible accelerator of natural corrosion seen in galvanized steel pipes. Studies have shown a correlation between surface roughness and the ability of bacteria to colonize and form biofilms. Dairy industry utilizes higher food grade SS 304 and 316. However, even these relatively corrosion resistant stainless steel grades may …

Assessment Of The Technical And Economic Potential Of Automated Estrus Detection Technologies For Dairy Cattle, Karmella Ann Dolecheck

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Poor estrus detection can limit the reproductive performance of a dairy herd. One objective of this research was to evaluate an alternative method to traditional estrus detection in the form of automated monitoring technologies. To accomplish this, the first study considered the ability of automatically monitored parameters (activity, number of steps, lying bouts, lying time, feeding time, rumination time, and temperature) to detect estrus. A second study compared automated activity monitoring to timed artificial insemination as reproductive management strategies on commercial herds. The other objective of this research was to evaluate the economic potential of automated estrus detection technologies. This …

Algae Or Yeast Supplementation For Lactating Dairy Cows, Maegan E. Weatherly

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The objective of the first study was to quantify the effects of feeding Schizochytrium sp. microalgae (SP-1, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY) on milk fat and DHA content. Eight cows were fed: 0, 100, 300, or 600 g of algae per day. Fat percentage was greater (P < 0.05) for cows on treatments 0 g and 100 g than for cows on treatments 300 g and 600 g (P < 0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid in milk was greater for cows on treatment 300 and 600 than for cows on treatment 0 and 100 (P < 0.05).

The objective of the second study was to assess yeast supplementation effects on high and low forage dairy cow diets. Four cows were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) low forage (LF), 2) low forage with 10 g/d yeast (Yea-Sacc®; Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY; LFY), 3) high …