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Articles 121 - 135 of 135
Full-Text Articles in Dairy Science
Viramidine, Dale L. Barnard
Viramidine, Dale L. Barnard
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Interferon-Alpha, Dale L. Barnard
Interferon-Alpha, Dale L. Barnard
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
Amarillo Biosciences is developing low-dose oral interferon-alpha (IFNalpha; Veldona) as a potential treatment for primary Sjøgren's syndrome, oral mucositis in cancer patients, hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections, and bone marrow disorders. The company is also developing a topical formulation of IFNalpha for the potential treatment of genital warts. The product is registered in Ghana for the treatment of HBV infection. In October 2001, Amarillo licensed rights to its low-dose oral IFNalpha to Atrix Laboratories for the Orphan indications of oral papillomavirus and Behçet's disease.
Coumarins And Pyranocoumarins, Potential Novel Pharmacophores For Inhibition Ofmeasles Virus Replication, Dale L. Barnard, Z. Q. Xu, V. D. Stowell, H. Yuan, Donald F. Smee, R. Samy, R. W. Sidwell, M. K. Nielsen, L. Sun, H. Cao, A. Li, C. Quint, J. Deignan, J. Crabb, M. T. Flavin
Coumarins And Pyranocoumarins, Potential Novel Pharmacophores For Inhibition Ofmeasles Virus Replication, Dale L. Barnard, Z. Q. Xu, V. D. Stowell, H. Yuan, Donald F. Smee, R. Samy, R. W. Sidwell, M. K. Nielsen, L. Sun, H. Cao, A. Li, C. Quint, J. Deignan, J. Crabb, M. T. Flavin
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
A series of coumarin and pyranocoumarin analogues were evaluated in vitro for antiviral efficacy against measles virus (MV), strain Chicago. Of the 22 compounds tested for inhibition, six were found to have selectivity indices greater than 10. These were compounds 5-hydroxy-7-propionyloxy- 4-propylcoumarin (2a), 5,7-bis(tosyloxy)-4- propylcoumarin (7); 5-hydroxy-4-propyl-7-tosyloxy- coumarin (8); 6,6-dimethyl-9-propionyloxy-4- propyl-2H,6H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′]dipyran-2-one (9); 6,6-dimethyl-9-pivaloyloxy-4-propyl-2H,6Hbenzo[ 1,2-b:3,4-b′]dipyran-2-one (10); and 7,8-cis- 10,11,12-trans-4-propyl-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl- 7,8,9-trihydroxy-2H,6H,12H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′:5,6- b′′]tripyran-2-one (18). Three of the active drugs were propyl coumarin analogues (2a, 7 and 8), two were dipyranone or chromeno-coumarins (9 and 10), and one was a benzotripyranone with a coumarin nucleus (18). Some appeared to be rather specific and potent …
Utilization Of Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein Levels In The Serum As A Parameter For In Vivoassay Of Influenza Virus Inhibitors. Antivir Chem Chemother, R. W. Sidwell, M. H. Wong, K. W. Bailey, Dale L. Barnard, M. K. Jackson, Donald F. Smee
Utilization Of Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein Levels In The Serum As A Parameter For In Vivoassay Of Influenza Virus Inhibitors. Antivir Chem Chemother, R. W. Sidwell, M. H. Wong, K. W. Bailey, Dale L. Barnard, M. K. Jackson, Donald F. Smee
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), an acute phase protein in serum assayed by single radial immunodiffusion using a commercially available kit, was found to significantly increase in mice infected with influenza A and B viruses. Experiments were run to determine the rate of increase of serum AGP and its relation to other influenza disease parameters, including lung consolidation, development of lung virus titres, decline in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), histopathological changes in the lung, and death of the animal. Maximal AGP levels occurred by day 3 in the animals, at about the same time lung virus titres reached their peak and inflammatory …
Antioxidants Protect Turkeys Against Toxicity Of Aflatoxin, Roger A. Coulombe Jr.
Antioxidants Protect Turkeys Against Toxicity Of Aflatoxin, Roger A. Coulombe Jr.
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
Toxins stemming from mold in feed grains are unavoidable in poultry production. "Mycotoxins" such as aflatoxin B (AFB1) are among the most potent liver-damaging toxins known. AFB1 is also a probable human carcinogen. Poultry are the most sensitive of all farm animals to the toxic effects of even small amounts of AFB1. Although poultry don’t generally live long enough to develop cancers, AFB1-related diseases adversely affect their health. This aflatoxin can cause slowing of growth and decreased resistance to microbial pathogens that make poultry ill. Because these toxins are so pervasive in feed grains, eliminating them has proved either impractical …
Prevention Of Viral Drug Resistance By Novel Combination Therapy, W. F. Mangel, M. T. Brown, M. L. Baniecki, Dale L. Barnard, W. J. Mcgrath
Prevention Of Viral Drug Resistance By Novel Combination Therapy, W. F. Mangel, M. T. Brown, M. L. Baniecki, Dale L. Barnard, W. J. Mcgrath
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
A new form of antiviral clinical therapy is proposed in which three different drugs are administered against three different targets on the same virus-coded protein. If the physiological functions of the three different target sites are not independent of each other, then a mutation conferring drug resistance at one site may alter the physiological functions at the other sites and further drug resistance may not arise. The adenovirus proteinase, with its two cofactors that act synergistically on enzyme activity, may be a good model system within which to test the efficacy of this form of combination therapy.
Genvir, Dale L. Barnard
Genvir, Dale L. Barnard
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
Flamel Technologies is developing Genvir (formerly known as Viropump), a twice-daily controlled-release formulation of aciclovir, for potential use in the treatment of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus infections. Genvir utilizes Flamel's proprietary Micropump technology, a microparticle-based drug delivery system designed to extend the time of absorption of drugs in the small intestine. The drug shows a comparable therapeutic efficacy to valaciclovir and famciclovir (both GlaxoSmithKline) [313393]. Phase III trials have been completed [302829]. In August 2000, Flamel filed for regulatory approval for the treatment of herpes in France, as a prelude to a pan-European approval [378641] and is …
Inhibition Of Measles Virus Replication By 5'-Norcarbocyclic Nucleoside Analogs, Dale L. Barnard, V. Stowell, K. L. Seley, V. R. Hegde, R. Subha, P. Rajappan, S. W. Schneller, Donald F. Smee, R. W. Sidwell
Inhibition Of Measles Virus Replication By 5'-Norcarbocyclic Nucleoside Analogs, Dale L. Barnard, V. Stowell, K. L. Seley, V. R. Hegde, R. Subha, P. Rajappan, S. W. Schneller, Donald F. Smee, R. W. Sidwell
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
Despite intense efforts to increase vaccine coverage, measles virus (MV) still causes significant morbidity and mortality in the world, sometimes as the result of severe, chronic, lethal disease. In an effort to develop therapies to supplement immunization strategies, a number of 5′-nor carbocyclic adenosine analogues were evaluated for anti-MV activity in CV-1 monkey kidney cells. Of those compounds tested, those either unsubstituted at C4 or possessing a hydroxyl, azido or amino substituent at that position were the most active, with particularly significant inhibition of MV, strain Chicago-1. The EC50 values against this strain ranged from100 mg/ml in actively growing and …
Pegasys, Dale L. Barnard
Pegasys, Dale L. Barnard
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Selecting Linear-Score Distributions For Modeling Milk-Culture Results, H. G. Allore, David J. Wilson, H. N. Erb, P. A. Oltenacu
Selecting Linear-Score Distributions For Modeling Milk-Culture Results, H. G. Allore, David J. Wilson, H. N. Erb, P. A. Oltenacu
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
The data for this cross-sectional retrospective study are from surveys of 65 dairy-cattle herds in central New York, USA sampled between February, 1993 and March, 1995. The objective was to identify probability distributions of logarithmically transformed somatic-cell counts (linear score) for use in a simulation model of mastitis and milk quality. Probability density functions were estimated using maximum-likelihood estimators for the linear score of individual-cow composite milk samples culture negative and culture positive for the pathogens Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus non-agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci for the complete dataset and by bulk-tank somatic-cell count group (< 500 000, ≥ 500 000 SCC/ml). Based on the rankings of three goodness-of-fit tests (Anderson-Darling, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and x2 …
Acyclic Phosphonomethylether Nucleosideinhibitors Of Respiratory Viruses, Dale L. Barnard, N. Bischofberger, C. U. Kim, J. H. Huffman, R. W. Sidwell, J. P. Dougherty, W. Lew, M. A. Williams, W. Yang
Acyclic Phosphonomethylether Nucleosideinhibitors Of Respiratory Viruses, Dale L. Barnard, N. Bischofberger, C. U. Kim, J. H. Huffman, R. W. Sidwell, J. P. Dougherty, W. Lew, M. A. Williams, W. Yang
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
A series of acyclic phosphonomethylether nucleosides were synthesized and then evaluated for inhibitory activity against respiratory viruses of clinical significance using CPE inhibition, neutral red uptake and virus yield reduction assays. Of the 20 compounds synthesized, none significantly inhibited influenza A or B viruses or respiratory syncytial virus strains A2, Long or 18537; the selective indices (SI) were less than 10. A new compound, GS-2128 (2R, 5R-9-[2,5-dihydro-5-(phosphonomethoxy)-2-furanyl]adenine; D4API), selectively inhibited adenovirus 5 (SI>10) as did GS-0577 (9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-adenine; HPMPA) and GS-0504 [(S)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxypropyl)]-cytosine; HPMPC]. The 50% effective concentrations (EC50) ranged from 8-100 μg mL-1 and 50% cell inhibitory concentrations (CC50) from …
Bovine Mastitis Pathogens In New York Andpennsylvania: Prevalence And Effects On Somatic Cell Count And Milk Production, David J. Wilson, R. N. Gonzalez, H. H. Das
Bovine Mastitis Pathogens In New York Andpennsylvania: Prevalence And Effects On Somatic Cell Count And Milk Production, David J. Wilson, R. N. Gonzalez, H. H. Das
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
Milk samples were collected from 108,312 dairy cows during 1601 farm visits made between January 1991 and June 1995. The herd visits were made by personnel from the Central Laboratory of the Quality Milk Promotion Services at Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) to farms located in central New York and northern Pennsylvania. Dairy Herd Improvement Association records were available for 32,978 cows in 327 herds. Intramammary infections, as defined by positive milk cultures, were present in 48.5% of all cows and in 36.3% of cows in herds enrolled in the Dairy Herd Improvement Association. Over 75% of the intramammary infections were …
In Vitro Influenza Virus-Inhibitory Effects Of A Series Of Germanium- Orsilicon-Centered Polyoxometalates, J. H. Huffman, R. W. Sidwell, Dale L. Barnard, A. Morrison, M. I. Otto, C. L. Hill, R. F. Schinazi
In Vitro Influenza Virus-Inhibitory Effects Of A Series Of Germanium- Orsilicon-Centered Polyoxometalates, J. H. Huffman, R. W. Sidwell, Dale L. Barnard, A. Morrison, M. I. Otto, C. L. Hill, R. F. Schinazi
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
A series of germanium- or silicon-centred heteropolytungstates (polyoxometalates) with the Barrel, Keggin or double Keggin structure were evaluated in vitro for their effects against influenza A (IV-A) and B (IV-B) viruses. Their 50% effective concentrations (EC50) against recent isolates of IV-A (H1 N1 ) and IV-B ranged from 0.1 to 7.8 μM; against IV-A (H3N2), the EC50 concentrations were often 10-fold higher. Recent clinical isolates of IV-A were generally more susceptible to these antiviral effects than older, laboratory-adapted strains. These experiments used inhibition of viral CPE in MDCK cells as determined microscopically and by Neutral Red (NR) …
Biological Action Of Mycotoxins, Roger A. Coulombe Jr.
Biological Action Of Mycotoxins, Roger A. Coulombe Jr.
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
Mycotoxins are ubiquitous, mold-produced toxins that contaminate a wide variety of foods and feeds. Ingestion of mycotoxins cause a range of toxic responses, from acute toxicity to long-term or chronic health disorders. Some mycotoxins have caused outbreaks of human toxicoses, and at least one mycotoxin, aflatoxin B1, is a presumed human hepatocarcinogen. As part of a comprehensive effort to curtail the adverse health effects posed by mycotoxins, substantial research has been conducted to determine the mechanism of action of mycotoxins in animals. This review presents some of the current knowledge on the biological action of four diverse classes of mycotoxins—aflatoxin …
Feed Composition, Animal Nutrient Requirements, And Computerization Of Diets, Paul V. Fonnesbeck, Lorin E. Harris, Leonard C. Kearl
Feed Composition, Animal Nutrient Requirements, And Computerization Of Diets, Paul V. Fonnesbeck, Lorin E. Harris, Leonard C. Kearl
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
The Symposium is directed to use feed composition and nutrient requirement information to calculate animal diets. Mathematical models (equations) that describe the utilization of nutrients by animals and the variables affecting animal nutrient requirements is presented. The aim is to use feed information and equations that describe nutrient utilization and animal requirements to formulate the most profitable diet for animals in various physiological states and environments. Methods for solving livestock feeding and management problems are presented.