Dairy Science Commons^™

The Incidence Of Cryptosporidial Infections In Nebraska Dairy Calves, Douglas Lee Varner

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Within the last decade a new etiologic agent has been identified as a possible cause of diarrhea in humans and domestic animals—that being the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and distribution of Cryptosporidium in the state of Nebraska, to determine if Cryptosporidium occurs more frequently in association with other enteropathogens and to determine about the relation of scouring in the calves to infection with Cryptosporidium. A total of 620 fecal samples from 334 dairy calves from 71 herds in Nebraska were examined for cyptosporidial oocysts using the Sheather’s sugar flotation …

Motion And Time Studies Of Milking Parlors And Routines, R. D. Appleman, C. F. Micke

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This study defines and describes the parameters of milking in both the elevated side-opening and herringbone style milking parlor. Included in this "motion and time" study are measurements of differences in milking routines or techniques, as well as the probable contribution of certain mechanical aids, including both crowd gates and group-washing systems. Milker (men) differences are also identified. Detailed measurements of time requirements for specific milking activities or chores are expensive to obtain. Very limited data are found in the scientific literature. This bulletin is published to supply resource data which may be used in planning milking parlors or as …

Calf Diarrhea (Scours): Reproduced With A Virus From A Field Outbreak, C. A. Mebus, N. R. Underdahl, M. B. Rhodes, M. J. Twiehaus

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Neonatal calf diarrhea typical of that seen in field cases was produced in colostrum-deprived calves by inoculating either feces or bacteria-free filtrates via the duodenum, orally, or by a spray (aerosol). Three calves, kept free of E. coli, developed severe diarrhea following inoculation with a bacteria-free filtrate. Intense fluorescence in the epithelium of sections of small intestine from two experimental calves was observed following staining with ftuorescein-labeled gamma globulin produced with viral antigen prepared from the feces of two experimental diarrhetic E. coli-free calves. Fluorescing cells were also present in the feces of experimental and field cases of neonatal …

Relationship Between Measures Of Semen Quality And Fertility In Bulls Mated Under Natural Conditions, J. N. Wiltbank, W. W. Rowden, J. E. Ingalls

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

An evaluation of the relationship between several measures of semen quality and fertility of bulls mated under natural conditions has been conducted over a three-year period. Semen was collected three different times with an electro-ejaculator from bulls used in the fertility tests. Collections were made at weekly intervals. Fertility was evaluated by mating bulls to heifers starting about three days after the last collection. Semen quality refers to the percent abnormals and the percent motility evaluated at the time of collection. Fertility was measured by the proportion of heifers that settled at natural service. Several multiple regression equations were calculated. …

Factors Affecting The B-Vitamin Content Of Cottage Cheese, Gary Dean Reif

Open Access Master's Theses (through 2010)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the vitamin content of Cottage cheese and to study the factors which may alter the content of certain B-vitamins. The specific objectives were as follows:

1. To determine the niacin, B₆, B₁₂ and folic acid content of skimmilk and Cottage cheese and the retention of those vitamins in the curd from the milk.
2. To study the synthesis of niacin, B₆, B₁₂ and folic acid during the 16-hr setting period used in making Cottage cheese, and to determine whether the vitamin synthesis by the starter was partly responsible …

Factors Affecting The B-Vitamin Content Of Cottage Cheese, Gary Dean Reif

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The purpose of this study was to investigate the vitamin content of Cottage cheese and to study the factors which may alter the content of certain B-vitamins. The specific objectives were as follows:

1. To determine the niacin, B₆, B₁₂ and folic acid content of skimmilk and Cottage cheese and the retention of those vitamins in the curd from the milk.
2. To study the synthesis of niacin, B₆, B₁₂ and folic acid during the 16-hr setting period used in making Cottage cheese, and to determine whether the vitamin synthesis by the starter was partly responsible …

A Histological Study Of The Postnatal Development Of The Bovine Testis, R. G. Fossland, A. B. Schultze

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

A limited number of detailed studies on the development of the bovine testis from birth to sexual maturity have been reported. Further study of bovine testis development appears desirable to furnish additional observations and to note variations that may occur during the developmental process. Information on the process of spermatogenesis should furnish a basis for experimental work designed to promote increased spermatogenic activity in the postpubertal testis as well as for work directed toward promoting complete spermatogenesis at an earlier than usual age. This report is a study of the histological picture of the testes from 56 bulls varying from …

Relation Of Heart Girth To Weight In Holsteins And Jerseys, H. P. Davis, W. W. Swett, W. R. Harvey

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Body weight is the one measurement most extensively used to evaluate growth, condition, and value for beef, and as a basis for calculating feed requirements for cattle. Weight can be determined readily by scales but unfortunately scales of a capacity adequate for weighing cattle are not always available. Thus there is a real need for a basis of estimating weight from some body measurement that can be obtained easily and at a minimum of cost and time. It is the aim of this study to utilize additional data now available to increase further the accuracy and reliability of estimating weight …

Growth Measurements Of Holstein, Ayrshire, Guernsey And Jersey Males, H. P. Davis, I. L. Hathaway

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This study was based on monthly observations of all Holstein, Ayrshire, Guernsey and Jersey males born in the University of Nebraska dairy herd between 1922 and 1942. There were varying numbers of animals for the different months of age for the several breeds. Measurements of weight, slope of the rump, thickness of skin, and 13 linear measurements were taken monthly, from birth to disposal of the animals. The linear measurements were of heights at withers, hooks and rump; of lengths-diagonal (shoulder point to pinbone), body and rump; of widths at chest, hooks and pinbones; of depths at chest and barrel; …

Cc144 Adjusting To Drought...Why Cull Your Herd Now?, K. C. Fouts, Philip Cole, Paul Guyer, C. W. Nibler, P. A. Henderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension Circular CC144 This circular is about adjusting to drought and why to cull your herd now.

Forty Years Of Dairy Cattle Breeding At The North Platte Experiment Station, Mogens Plum, Myron G.A. Rumery

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

In 1913 the Nebraska Legislature appropriated $17,500 to establish a Dairy Department at the North Platte Experiment Station. The department's herd was to be used in demonstrating management and breeding practices and as a source of breeding stock. Since the North Platte herd was started, research in the field of animal breeding has developed new concepts in many phases of dairy cattle breeding and selection. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the progress made under a system of dairy cattle breeding and selection carried out according to the principles that dominated 40 years ago. The results of …

Comparative Measurements Of Holstein, Ayrshire, Guernsey, And Jersey Females From Birth To Seven Years, H. P. Davis, I. L. Hathaway

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Body measurements are important for a proper understanding of how growth takes place in animals. Unfortunately, few growth data other than for weight have been published concerning dairy cattle. This is a report of measurements of females in the University of Nebraska dairy herd made as part of a long-time growth study. During the period 1922 to 1942 each animal born into the herd was weighed and measured at regular intervals. Presented here are the data for weight, height, length, width, depth, girth and hide thickness for females of the Holstein, Ayrshire, Guernsey, and Jersey breeds. The average body measurements …

Growth Measurements Of Holstein Females From Birth To Seven Years, H. P. Davis, I. L. Hathaway

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Measurements of growth, to be meaningful, must be taken of various parts of the body, at regular intervals, under standardized environmental conditions, from birth through the growth span of the animal. From these measurements skeletal growth standards may be prepared for the several ages. Such standards can be used to measure growth at any age period. They will serve the research worker as a guide for experimental procedure and will provide the livestock raiser a basis with which his animals may be compared. Present standards of growth for dairy cattle are based mostly upon live weight, although considerable data are …

Judging Quality In Dairy Products, P. A. Downs

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

In the dairy industry increasing attention is being paid to the question of quality of products. The well established system of buying and selling butter and cheese on the basis of quality by score or grade is practiced in the principal markets of the world. The other dairy products, while not marketed by score, are receiving more and more attention in this respect. As more information becomes available and the judging better standardized, other dairy products will doubtless be sold by grade.

Feeding Milking Shorthorn Steers, M. L. Baker, V. H. Arthaud, C. H. Adams

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

The objectives of the feeding work were to provide the producer with feed-lot data and where possible with slaughter data for Milking Shorthorn steers. As a definite breeding research program with the Milking Shorthorn herd was planned, it also was believed that information about the beef-making qualities of the steers should be of equal importance with milk and butterfat production records.

Some Economic Aspects Of The Fluid Milk Industry Of Nebraska, Kenneth E. Anderson

Department of Agricultural Economics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Most citizens of Nebraska, especially the dairy farmers who produced milk for city consumption, are currently concerned with the problem of marketing fluid milk.In Nebraska and all over the United States, sales of wholesale milk farmers have been increasing for the past 15 years, while cream sales to creameries have been decreasing.

Production of milk in Nebraska is greatest in the eastern part of the state.Likewise, consumption is concentrated in Eastern Nebraska. This is most likely due to Eastern Nebraska’s highly concentrated population as well as the most favorable farm conditions for dairy cows.

Most of the bottled milk in …

The Influence Of Length Of Storage Of Bovine Semen On Conception Rate Under Field Conditions, A. B. Schultze, H. P. Davis, C. T. Blunn, M. M. Oloufa

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

It is the purpose of this study to determine whether under conditions of routine handling in artificial breeding associations there is a decline in semen fertility from day to day and also to determine the magnitude of this decline. Tabulation of such data will not only be of value in determining the effect of frequent semen collection on the over-all artificial breeding results but will also serve as a basis of comparison in investigational work directed toward increasing the efficiency of artificial breeding.

Breeding Efficiency In Dairy Cattle From Artificial Insemination At Various Intervals Before And After Ovulation, George W. Trimberger

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The length of estrus and the time of ovulation were determined for 46 heifers and 86 cows of the Ayrshire, Guernsey, Jersey, and Holstein breeds by testing for end of estrus and ovulation at 2-hour intervals. Services were given by artificial insemination at various intervals before and after ovulation to determine the influence of this factor on the rate of conception. No significant breed or seasonal differences were found for length of estrus and ovulation time after end of estrus among the four dairy breeds represented in the experiment.

Distillers' By-Products And Soybean Meal In Dry Calf Starters For Calves On Limited Quantities Of Milk, H. P. Davis, G. W. Trimberger

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Whole milk is recognized to be very satisfactory as the principal source of nutrients for young growing calves. But the price of milk and its importance as food for human beings has tended to introduce the use of substitutes. Skim milk has been demonstrated to be a satisfactory substitute when fed with grain after the first few weeks of feeding; but since skim milk, too, has become of increased usefulness for human nutrition, this experiment, one of a series, was designed to determine whether or not combinations of various grains, when fortified with vitamins, could be substituted for the solids …

Carotene Content Of Native Nebraska Grasses, I. L. Hathaway, H. P. Davis, F. D. Keim

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The carotene content of twenty-four grasses native to Nebraska were determined at approximately monthly intervals from June to November. While the carotene concentration of most of the grasses was moderately high during the growing season, it declined to a rather low point by late November. With the exception of Switchgrass, Hairy Grama, Little Bluestem and Prairie Dropseed, all of the grasses contained enough carotene to supply the needs of range cattle until late November. However, only eighteen of the grasses still contained enough carotene by the latter part of September to furnish the carotene required by dairy cows. Even as …

Protein Supplements In Dry Calf Starters For Calves On Limited Quantities Of Milk, George W. Trimberger, Herbert Perry Davis

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This experiment was undertaken to determine the usefulness of various high protein concentrates of animal and plant sources in comparison with dried skim milk in calf starters during the early stages of calf growth.

The Use Of Dried Whey And Blood Meal In The Raising Of Calves On Limited Amounts Of Milk, I. L. Hathaway, G. W. Trimberger, H. P. Davis

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The use of substitutes for milk in the raising of calves is always of interest to the progressive dairyman, since there are a number of circumstances in which it is advantageous to reduce the milk feeding period. Producers of market milk often desire to raise their calves on as little milk as possible in order to have more milk available for market. When the demand for milk is good, dairymen who usually market cream only may prefer to sell milk and raise their calves on starters or other milk substitutes. Dairy farmers may wish to use the skim milk generally …

Conception Rate In Dairy Cattle By Artificial Insemination At Various Stages Of Estrus, George W. Trimberger, H. P. Davis

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

A breeding experiment with 295 dairy cows and heifers of the Jersey, Guernsey, Ayrshire, and Holstein breeds was conducted in the University of Nebraska dairy herd. The females were given artificial services at various stages of estrus to determine the effect of time of service upon conception. The results obtained indicate the potential benefits in higher percentage of conception in females bred during the middle of estrus, toward the end of estrus, and those bred in full heat and rebred in 24 hours. The latter is usually not very practical, especially in artificial breeding rings, but there are occasions when …

Use Milk - An Essential Food, University Of Nebraska - Lincoln

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

The purpose of this publication is to furnish the housewife with information on ways to utilize more milk in the home, especially in the farm home where milk is readily available and an economical source of vitality and greater health for all the family.

Babcock Testing And Other Methods Of Analyzing Dairy Products, L. K. Crowe

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

The manufacturing of dairy products on a commercial scale began about the middle of the nineteenth century and was greatly stimulated by the development of the centrifugal cream separator in the late eighties. The invention of the Babcock test in the early nineties overcame some of the difficulties that had developed in paying for milk upon its butterfat content, since it was early recognized that milk varied widely in that respect.

Judging Quality In Dairy Products, P. A. Downs

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

In the dairy industry increasing attention is being paid to the question of quality of products. The well established system of buying and selling butter and cheese on the basis of quality by score or grade is practiced in the principal markets of the world. The other dairy products, while not marketed by score, are receiving more and more attention in this respect. As more information becomes available and the judging better standardized, other dairy products will doubtless be sold by grade.

Cooling, Storage, And Transporation Of Milk And Cream, P. A. Downs, F. D. Yung

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

The care given milk and milk products should be such that they will be relished by young and old alike. Greater use of milk can be encouraged by serving fresh milk cold. Cooling of milk also insures a fine product several hours after production. This is important not only for milk that is to be used, but for milk or cream that is to be sold.

Influence Of Age Of Dairy Cattle And Season Of The Year On The Sex Ratio Of Calves And Services Required For Conception, R. F. Morgan, H. P. Davis

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The present study was based on records of the dairy herd of the University of Nebraska for the period 1896 to 1934, and covers five breeds, Holsteins, Jerseys, Guernseys, Ayrshires, and milking Shorthorns. In all, 2,090 cows have been included. The purpose was to determine the influence of the age of the bull, the age of the cow, and the season of the year upon the number of services required for conception, and to determine also the influence of these factors upon the sex ratio of calves born, number of twins born, and the percentage of abortion.

Feeding And Care Of Calves, R. R. Thalman

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

It is not infrequent that considerable difficulty is encountered in raising calves with limited amounts of milk or none at all. Requests for information on calf gruels, mixed grain feeds, and commercial supplements are frequent enough to make a short circular upon this subject seem desirable. Furthermore, as the more diversified agricultural program gets under way these requests are increasmg.

Studies On The Vitamin A Content Of Cheese, I. L. Hathaway, H. P. Davis

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The vitamin-A contents of twenty-two kinds of cheeses were studied by feeding these cheeses to rats whose body stores of vitamin A had been exhausted by being fed a vitamin-A-deficient diet. Twelve experiments were made in which approximately 1100 rats were used. There was considerable variation in the vitamin-A content of the samples studied. The samples of cottage, Neufchatel, and Limburger cheeses had the lowest vitamin-A potency.