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Articles 4051 - 4080 of 4307

Full-Text Articles in Aquaculture and Fisheries

Aspetti Della Ghiandola Rettale E Della Regolazione Osmoticain Selaci Marini E D' Acqua Dolce, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Maria Victoria Gervaso, Gian Francis De Stefano Jan 1976

Aspetti Della Ghiandola Rettale E Della Regolazione Osmoticain Selaci Marini E D' Acqua Dolce, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Maria Victoria Gervaso, Gian Francis De Stefano

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

In continuazione di ricerche giil pubblicate (GERZELI G., 1967 - 1st. Lombardo Rend. Sc., BIOI: 117 ; GERZELI F. e DE STEFANO G. F., 1968 - Cony. Soc. Ital. Anat.) l'indagine istomorfologica e istochimica sulla ghiandola rettale c stata estes a ad altre specie, integrandola con alcuni dati ehimici su costituenti plasmatici. Sinora sono state esaminate Ie seguenti specie: Scylliorhinus stellaris, Galeus melastomus, Torpedo marmorata, Raja asterias (del Mar Tirreno); Galeorhinus zyopterus (dell'Oceano Pacifico orientale) ; Carcharhinus leucas (del Mar dei Caraibi e del Lago di Nicaragua) ; Pristis perotteti (del Lago di Nicaragua) ; Potamotrygon brachiurus …

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Helminths From Elasmobranchs In Central American Fresh Waters, Donald E. Watson, Thomas B. Thorson Jan 1976

Helminths From Elasmobranchs In Central American Fresh Waters, Donald E. Watson, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Five species of monogeneans and 14 species of cestodes are reported from two elasmobranch species in fresh waters of Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Monogeneans from the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas (Muller and Henle, 1841), are: Dermophthirius maccallumi n. sp. (Microbothriidae); Heteronchocotyle leucas Hargis, 1955 and Erpocotyle carcharhini n. sp. (Hexabothriidae). Cestodes from the bull shark are: Phyllobothrium lactuca van Beneden, 1850, P. leuci n. sp., P. nicaraguensis n. sp., Anthobothrium cornucopia van Beneden, 1850, A. laciniatum Linton, 1890 (Phyllobothriidae): Platybothrium hypoprioni Potter, 1937, Phoreiobothrium triloculatum Linton, 1901 (Onchobothriidae); Cathetocephalus thatcheri Dailey and Overstreet, 1973 (Cathetocephalidae); Dasyrhynchus variouncinnatus (Linton, 1924) …

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Limnology Of The Great Lakes Of Nicaragua, Gerald A. Cole Jan 1976

Limnology Of The Great Lakes Of Nicaragua, Gerald A. Cole

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

For more than a century, the two largest bodies of water in Nicaragua, Lake Nicaragua and its smaller companion, Managua, have engaged naturalists from several disciplines. Perhaps their appeal has been as curiosities because of the occurrence of fish with marine affinities in the larger lake, especially a dangerous shark. The charm has been in Nicaragua or Cocibolca, rather than Managua, properly called Xolotlán. Even though the latter is saltier, it has no elasmobranchs or tarpons.
The lakes, and specifically the larger, cover the greatest expanse of any body of water between Lake Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru, and the Laurentian …

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Geography Of Lake Nicaragua, Jaime Incer Jan 1976

Geography Of Lake Nicaragua, Jaime Incer

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The area surrounding Lake Nicaragua is discussed from the standpoints of its history, geological setting, climate and vegetation. A physical description of the lake itself is given, including the nature of its bottom, its shoreline, its islands and volcanoes.

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The Status Of The Lake Nicaragua Shark: An Updated Appraisal, Thomas B. Thorson Jan 1976

The Status Of The Lake Nicaragua Shark: An Updated Appraisal, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Since 1966, an extensive tagging program has demonstrated beyond any further doubt (Thorson, 1971) that the sharks move from the Caribbean Sea to Lake Nicaragua and vice versa. At the time of this writing, of 1450 post-juvenile sharks tagged at the various river mouths on the Caribbean Coast, ten have been recovered in Lake Nicaragua; and of 146 tagged at San Carlos, where the river leaves the lake, 28 have been recovered along the Caribbean Coast, most of them at the various outlets of the Rio San Juan. Except for these basic facts, the results of the tagging program have …

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The Midas Cichlid In Nicaragua, George W. Barlow Jan 1976

The Midas Cichlid In Nicaragua, George W. Barlow

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Cichlasoma citrinellum (Gunther), the Midas cichlid, is the most important food fish in the Great Lakes Basin of Nicaragua. It occurs in the majority of the lakes, where it is the most ubiquitous cichlid fish, but it is uncommon in the rivers. The fry are carnivorous while the juveniles and adults are omnivorous, eating mostly Aufwuchs, snails, and fish. The Midas cichlids suffer from a number of diseases in nature and in the laboratory, including lymphocystis and nocardiosis. Potential predators vary from sharks and sawfish in Lake Nicaragua, to just one cichlid relative in one crater lake; in Lake …

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Calcium And Other Ions In Blood And Skeleton Of Nicaraguan Fresh-Water Shark, Marshall R. Urist Jan 1976

Calcium And Other Ions In Blood And Skeleton Of Nicaraguan Fresh-Water Shark, Marshall R. Urist

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The bull shark, Carcharhinus lellcas, employing archaic but effective means of regulating the physical-chemical composition of its body fluids, thrives in tropical fresh-water rivers and lakes. The ionic strength of the serum and the concentrations of total solutes, calcium, urea, and other ions are below the levels found in marine elasmobranchs but higher than the levels in teleosts. The patterns of the calcium deposits of the vertebrae are identical in marine and fresh-water subspecies.

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Carcharhinus Nicaraguensis, A Synonym Of The Bull Shark, C. Leucas, Henry B. Bigelow, William C. Schroeder Jan 1976

Carcharhinus Nicaraguensis, A Synonym Of The Bull Shark, C. Leucas, Henry B. Bigelow, William C. Schroeder

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Nicaraguensis very closely resembles leucas by the following characters. The anterior margin of the eye is posterior to the front of the mouth by a distance equal to half its own diameter in nicaraguensis; the gill openings are relatively somewhat longer in nicaraguensis, the third being nearly as long as the distance between the nostrils; the free tip of the second dorsal is about two-thirds as long as its base in nicaraguensis.

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Reproduction Of The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leu Cas , In The Lake Nicaragua-Rio San Juan System, Norman H. Jenson Jan 1976

Reproduction Of The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leu Cas , In The Lake Nicaragua-Rio San Juan System, Norman H. Jenson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Carcharhinus leucas, the bull shark, or cub shark, is a member of a large family, the Carcharhinidae, sometimes called requiem sharks. It is of medium size, reaching a maximum of a little more than three meters in some parts of its range, but little more than two and one-half meters in my study area. It is euryhaline, able to live for extended periods of time in both freshwater and marine environments. It is a viviparous shark, retaining the young and nourishing them by means of a yolk-sac placenta.

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Bottom Sediments Of Lake Nicaragua And Lake Managua, Western Nicaragua, Frederick M. Swain Jan 1976

Bottom Sediments Of Lake Nicaragua And Lake Managua, Western Nicaragua, Frederick M. Swain

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Lakes Nicaragua and Managua are large, rather shallow, fresh-water bodies that lie in a late Tertiary and Quaternary graben in western Nicaragua.
The bottom sediments comprise highly organic diatomaceous volcanic silts and clays in which quartz plagioclase feldspar, dioctahedral montmorillonite and volcanic glass are the principal constituents.
Organic nitrogen content of the lake sediments ranges from 0.3-1.2 percent, about the same range as in eutrophic lakes of higher latitudes. Bitumen content is rather low, much like that of oligotrophic lakes. Hydrocarbon fractions of bitumens are similar in amount to an alkaline lake of western U. S. Non-hydrocarbon bitumens are high …

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Presence Of The Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma Managuense Gunther In Lake Xiloá, Nicaragua, Jime Villa Jan 1976

Presence Of The Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma Managuense Gunther In Lake Xiloá, Nicaragua, Jime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Villa (1968) included C. managuense in the fauna of Lake Xiloá as a "recently introduced" species since the Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia (Nicaragua) had introduced several hundred young individuals of this species from Lake Managua, hatched at the Estacion Experimental "La Calera." Apparently officials of the Ministerio did not determine whether or not C. managuense occurred in Lake Xiloá prior to its introduction.

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Competition Between Color Morphs Of The Polychromatic Midas Cichlid Cichlasoma Citrinellum, George W. Barlow Jan 1976

Competition Between Color Morphs Of The Polychromatic Midas Cichlid Cichlasoma Citrinellum, George W. Barlow

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The Midas cichlid, Cichlasoma citrinellum, is a polychromatic fish that occurs in Nicaragua. All of these fish start life as normally colored, cryptic individuals. In some populations a few fish change into conspicuously colored morphs, most frequently gold. When kept in unmixed color groups, golds and normals grow at the same rate; but when they are mixed, growth of the golds becomes taster and that of the normals slower. Golds dominate normals in contests over food, which accounts for their advantage.

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Hemoglobin Stability In Bull Sharks, Jack D. Burke Jan 1976

Hemoglobin Stability In Bull Sharks, Jack D. Burke

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

No significant differences in oxyhemoglobin affinity, or electrophoretic patterns of hemoglobin were found in 18 bull sharks collected in selected regions of Lake Nicaragua, the Rio San Juan, and the Caribbean Sea. The half-saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (P50) was 11 and 17 mm Hg at pH 7.4 and 6.8, respectively (25° C, 3% hemoglobin solution, potassium phosphate buffer, 0.3 ionic strength). Electrophoresis resolved the hemoglobin into a minor and a major band. P1animetry of densitometric recordings showed that the major band constituted 54% of the total hemoglobin; the minor band, 46%. On the basis of these hemoglobin studies, no …

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Body Fluid Solutes Of Juveniles And Adults Of The Euryhaline Bull Shark Carcharhinus Leucas From Freshwater And Saline Environments, Thomas B. Thorson, C. Michael Cowan, Donald E. Watson Jan 1976

Body Fluid Solutes Of Juveniles And Adults Of The Euryhaline Bull Shark Carcharhinus Leucas From Freshwater And Saline Environments, Thomas B. Thorson, C. Michael Cowan, Donald E. Watson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Since the discovery of the phenomenally high urea content of the body fluids of cartilaginous fishes by Staedeler and Frerichs (1858), the unique osmoregulatory system of this vertebrate class has been studied by many investigators. In broad outline, the mechanisms are essentially similar in all three of the major subtaxa: the selachians, the batoids, and the holocephalans. A single exception is the genus Potamotrygon (fresh-water stingrays of South America and Africa), which has apparently lost the ability to concentrate urea even when transferred to salt water.

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Rectal Glands Of Marine And Fresh-Water Sharks: Comparative Histology, Mikio Oguri Jan 1976

Rectal Glands Of Marine And Fresh-Water Sharks: Comparative Histology, Mikio Oguri

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The rectal glands of elasmobranchs perform the function of salt-excreting organs. These glands are smaller and show regressive changes in specimens of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, found in fresh-water environment, compared with specimens of this and other species from a marine habitat.

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Observations On The Reproduction Of The Sawfish, Pristis Perotteti, In Lake Nicaragua, With Recommendations For Its Conservation, Thomas B. Thorson Jan 1976

Observations On The Reproduction Of The Sawfish, Pristis Perotteti, In Lake Nicaragua, With Recommendations For Its Conservation, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The presently known pristiform fauna of the western Atlantic consists of only two species, one each of Fowler's (1941) subgenera, Pristis and Pristiopsis. The former, characterized by the absence of a subcaudal lobe on the caudal fin, is represented by Pristis pectinatus; the latter, in which the subcaudal lobe is present, by Pristis perotteti. Although several features readily separate the two species, they can most easily be distinguished by the more slender rostrum of P. pectinatus and its larger number of rostral teeth, 24 to 32 on each side, as compared with 14 to 20 in …

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Some Remarks On The Fecundity Of Tilapia (T. Mossambica Peters) And Its Introduction Into Middle Central America (Nicaragua) Together With A First Contribution Towards The Limnology Of Nicaragua, Dietmar Riedel Jan 1976

Some Remarks On The Fecundity Of Tilapia (T. Mossambica Peters) And Its Introduction Into Middle Central America (Nicaragua) Together With A First Contribution Towards The Limnology Of Nicaragua, Dietmar Riedel

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

a. This paper presents an account of fecundity studies into T. mossambica under Middle Central American conditions and limnological investigations into Lake Moyua/Nicaragua which have been performed during 1961/62.

b. Data obtained as to fecundity of T. mossambica are discussed in the light of the term prolificy and with regard to ecological and biological characteristics of Nicaraguan waters and native fish fauna.

c. A more detailed contemplation about the possible effects of a spread out or transplantation of T. mossambica into other Nicaraguan waters concludes the paper.

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Ichthyology Of The Lakes Of Nicaragua: Historical Perspective, Jaime Villa Jan 1976

Ichthyology Of The Lakes Of Nicaragua: Historical Perspective, Jaime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Scientific study of Nicaraguan freshwater fishes did not begin until Gunther described the first species from Lake Nicaragua in 1864, but actual accounts of several interesting fishes were written as early as the sixteenth century by the first historians of the New World. These accounts ranged from hearsay to rather detailed (for their time) descriptions and first-hand observations on the form and life of some species. In some cases these observations or conclusions have been doubted for many decades but confirmed and elaborated in recent years. Therefore I believe it may be of interest to examine the early chronicles.

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Derivation Of The Freshwater Fish Fauna Of Central America, George S. Myers Jan 1976

Derivation Of The Freshwater Fish Fauna Of Central America, George S. Myers

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The nature, composition, and evolution of Centra) American freshwater fish groups are discussed in relation to the history and derivation of the faunal elements. It is concluded that the entire area between the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and eastern Panama was and always had been devoid of primary (obligatory) freshwater fishes prior to the very late Tertiary. Instead, secondary freshwater fishes evolved in this area during the Neogene and perhaps for a longer period, the Poeciliidae having probably had a longer history within the area than the Cichlidae. In the late Tertiary a very few North American immigrants entered the area …

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Geographical Distribution Of Central American Freshwater Fishes, Robert Rush Miller Jan 1976

Geographical Distribution Of Central American Freshwater Fishes, Robert Rush Miller

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The distribution of freshwater fishes in Central America is reviewed. Major parts of the region, especially in Honduras and Nicaragua, have yet to be explored ichthyologically, and systematic revision of important groups, notably the cichlids, is long overdue. The continental area from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to the Colombian border contains approximately 456 species, of which over 75% comprise the Cyprinodontidae, Poeciliidae, Cichlidae, and marine invaders (peripheral fishes); about one-third of the latter (57 species) have taken up more or less permanent residence in fresh water. There are 104 primary species in 10 families, 165 secondary forms in 6 families, …

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Geographic Distribution Of The San Juan Ichthyofauna Of Central America With Remarks On Its Origin And Ecology, William A. Bussing Jan 1976

Geographic Distribution Of The San Juan Ichthyofauna Of Central America With Remarks On Its Origin And Ecology, William A. Bussing

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The scientific study of fishes of the Great Lakes of Nicaragua began in 1864 with the description by Gunther of Heros labiatus (=Cichlasoma labiatum) from Lake Managua. Subsequently, Gunther reported on several other species collected in the Great Lakes by Captain J. M. Dow. Astorqui (1967) reviewed the sparse ichthyological literature dealing with Nicaraguan fishes and pointed out the paucity of recent studies. Since then Villa (1971) has produced a provisional list of the freshwater and brackish water fishes of Nicaragua and Astorqui (1972) has analyzed the ichthyofauna of the Great Lakes Basin. Riedel (1972) discussed the geological …

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Una Teoría Sobre El Origen De Los Peces De Xiloà, Jaime Villa Jan 1976

Una Teoría Sobre El Origen De Los Peces De Xiloà, Jaime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

A finales de 1965 v en conexion con estudios en curso sobre la herpetolog( a nicaragiiense colec te una pequena serie de peces de la Laguna de Xiloa que revelaron aspectos interesantes y me indujeron a realizar colecciones extensivas en toda la laguna; estas colecciones se realizaron durante 1966-68 y cons tan de varios cientos de ejemplares, depositados en la Universidad de Costa Rica y en mi coleccion particular. El material acumulado durante estos anos y las notas tomadas durante todo el tiempo en que se realizaron han sido suficientes para permitir una serie de conclusiones en diversos aspectos, algunas …

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Some Speculations About "The Great Nicaraguan Lake", Jaime Villa Jan 1976

Some Speculations About "The Great Nicaraguan Lake", Jaime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The available evidence indicates that Lakes Managua and Nicaragua were broadly connected in the past, when most of the fish species invaded the "Great Nicaraguan Lake". Due to the lowering of the water level (caused perhaps by tectonic movements and/or erosion produced by the Rio San Juan), Lake Managua became separated from Lake Nicaragua in the Tipitapa area. Water movement from Lake Managua is achieved mostly by seepage through a porous dropoff which prevents the exchange of fishes between the lakes. At about the same time, if not earler, Lake Xilml also became separated. After the more or less permanent …

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Peces De La Cuenca De Los Grandes Lagos De Nicaragua, Ignacio Astorqui Jan 1976

Peces De La Cuenca De Los Grandes Lagos De Nicaragua, Ignacio Astorqui

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

El presente trabajo se basa en una coleccion de peces hecha en Nicaragua par el Profesor Luis R. Rivas y el autor des de el 11 de Junia hasta el 14 de Julio de 1960. El trabajo se limita a la cuenca de los Grandes Lagos y rios trio butarios (Fig. 1). La mayor parte del material procede de esta zona y no pre· ten de ser un trabajo ictio16gico definitivo acerca de Nicaragua.
Aspectos de la paleografia de Centroamerica, el origen de la fauna de los lagos y la historia de la ictiologia de Nicaragua se encuentran en un …

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Lake Nicaragua Fishery Resources, William D. Davies Jan 1976

Lake Nicaragua Fishery Resources, William D. Davies

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Data collected during this survey indicated that the number of full-time fishermen has not increased appreciably over the past several years. However, it is likely that, if the demand for fish were to increase, a number of the present part-time fishermen would increase their effort to full-time. Indications are strong that the fish catch from this lake could at least be doubled by the existing population of fishermen, using the same gear, if market conditions were such as to encourage greater fishing effort.
The lake's overall fisheries resources are far from being exploited to their maximum, with the possible exception …

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Informe Sobre Los Resultados Del Programa De Investigacion De Los Recursos Pesqueros Del Lago De Nicaragua, Instituto De Fomento Nacional Jan 1976

Informe Sobre Los Resultados Del Programa De Investigacion De Los Recursos Pesqueros Del Lago De Nicaragua, Instituto De Fomento Nacional

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

E1 Instituto de Fomento Nacional (INFONAC), basado en los principios de su Ley Creadora y en la politica de desarrollo pesquero que se ha trazado, tome en el mes de Enero de 1971, la firme determinacion de iniciar el "Programa de Investigacion de los Recursos Pesqueros del Lago de Nicaragua" con una duracion estimada de tres (3) aiios, teniendo como base de operaciones la Ciudad de Granada.

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An Investigation Into The Use Of Artificial Habitats As A Means Of Increasing The Fishery Productivity Of The Great Lakes Complex Of Nicaragua, Terrance M. Lim, Kenneth R. Mckaye, Douglas J. Weiland Jan 1976

An Investigation Into The Use Of Artificial Habitats As A Means Of Increasing The Fishery Productivity Of The Great Lakes Complex Of Nicaragua, Terrance M. Lim, Kenneth R. Mckaye, Douglas J. Weiland

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Protein deficiency is a major dietary problem in Central America where protein-rich foods are scarce and costly. Fish, however, represents a rich source of animal protein that is not being utilized to a significant extent. Moreover, it is a source that could be made available to large portions of the populations of these countries if improvements of the present fishing and distribution methods were realized. Prerequisite to expansion, however, is a basic understanding of the ecosystems and their components. It is at this preliminary stage that the situation presently lies. Once this understanding has been achieved, means of maximizing production …

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Length/Weight Frequencies For Five Species Of Fish In Lake Nicaragua, Richard J. Beatty, Kurt W. Koenig Jan 1976

Length/Weight Frequencies For Five Species Of Fish In Lake Nicaragua, Richard J. Beatty, Kurt W. Koenig

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

This paper places on record data on the length/weight frequencies of five commercially important species in Lake Nicaragua: Megalops atlanticus, Centropomus parallelus, Lepisosteus tropicus, Cichlasoma citrinellum and Cichlasoma nuaraguense.
The data were collected between November, 1971 and June, 1972, during a preliminary study of the fishery of Lake Nicaragua. The program was sponsored by the Instituto de Fomento Nacional (INFONAC) of Nicaragua, with financial and technical assistance provided by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the United States Peace Corps.

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La "Pepesca Gaspar", Otro Pez Desconocido Del Gran Lago, Jaime Villa Jan 1976

La "Pepesca Gaspar", Otro Pez Desconocido Del Gran Lago, Jaime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

En un articulo recientemente aparecido, informe sobre la presencia de un pez hasta entonces desconocido en el Lago de Nicaragua, el gimnoto cilindrico. Existen, sin embatgo, varias especies adicionales que he ido descubriendo poco a poco y que ire presentando de igual modo al publico lector.

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The Red Devil-Midas-Arrow Cichlid Species Complex In Nicaragua, George W. Barlow, John W. Munsey Jan 1976

The Red Devil-Midas-Arrow Cichlid Species Complex In Nicaragua, George W. Barlow, John W. Munsey

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Within this group (section Amphilophus) of Nicaraguan cichlid fishes, we recognize two of the eight named species, Cichlasoma labiatum (Günther) and C. citrinellum (Günther). A new species from Lake Apoyo, C. zaliosum Barlow, is described. The red devil cichlid (C. labiatum) occurs only in the Great Lakes, but the Midas cichlid (C. citrinellum) is found in most of the surrounding lakes as well, and also in Costa Rica; where the two species are sympatric they differ most from one another. In Lakes Masaya and Jiloá some individuals of C. citrinellum show features of C. labiatum …

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