Animal Sciences Commons^™

Induction Of Abnormal Sperm Heads In Small Mammals Under Chronic Ionizing Radiation, Lyudmila Bashlykova, Oksana Raskosha, Natalia Starobor

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The results of this study show a mutagenic effect of low-dose ionizing radiation in male germ cells. The damage of male germ cells was assessed by the frequency of abnormal sperm heads in tundra voles (Microtus oeconomus Pall.), bank voles (Myodes glareolus Schreb.), and field mice (Apodemus agrarius Pall.) from the 30 km exclusion zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power station and for laboratory animals (mice and rats) under chronic γ-irradiation. The abnormal sperm head detection method used appeared to be sensitive to conditions of low-dose irradiation and can consequently be recommended as a bioindicator to monitor environmental radiation pollution.

Acute And Chronic Effects Of Thifluzamide On Daphnia Magna, Feyza İçoğlu Aksakal

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Thifluzamide is a thiazole carboxanilide fungicide used to control a wide range of basidiomycete diseases on maize, potatoes, rice, and other crops. Although this fungicide is found in aquatic environments, there is no information about its acute and chronic toxicity on aquatic invertebrates. In the present study, to investigate acute and chronic toxicity of thifluzamide, daphnids were exposed to 1.25, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mg/L thifluzamide for 48 h and 21 days, respectively. The expression of four oxidative stress-related genes (CAT, GCLC, GST, and GPX) and life-history parameters such as days to the first brood, days to the first egg …

Investigation Of Gh And Ghr Alu I Gene Polymorphisms On Meat Yields In Anatolian Water Buffalo Breed Using Pcr-Rflp Method, Yusuf Özşensoy, Haki̇ Kara

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Anatolian water buffalo is a native water buffalo breed only being reared in Turkey. The objective of this study was to investigate gene polymorphisms on exons 4 and 5 of the growth hormone (GH) and on exon 10 of the growth hormone receptor (GHR), which are thought to be related to meat yields of Anatolian water buffalo. Blood samples of 192 water buffaloes from Sivas Province were used in DNA extractions by phenol-chloroform method. DNA samples were amplified by using specific primers in PCR. PCR products were digested by Alu I (GH, n: 167) and Alu I (GHR, n: …

Pelvic And Sacral Size Dimorphism And Allometry In Two Predatory Carnivores With Different Life Histories And Locomotory Adaptations, Alexander Csanady, Peter Krisovsky, Ladislav Hloska

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) of the wolf and the lynx was evaluated for 15 pelvic and sacral variables in 48 specimens from the Western Carpathians. Our data confirmed small male-biased SSD in the pelvic and sacral bones for both species. We suggest that this can be explained by the need for a compromise between requirements for locomotion and giving birth. We also confirmed that significant differences exist between the species in the size of the pelvic and sacral bones. We discuss our findings in light of the species? different life histories.

Phylogenetic Relationship Among Slender Loris Species (Primates, Lorisidae: Loris) In Sri Lanka Based On Mtdna Co1 Barcoding, Saman Gamage, Faiz Marikar, Colin Groves, Craig Turner, Kalinga Padmalal, Sarath Kotagame

Turkish Journal of Zoology

There are 2 species of slender lorises found in Sri Lanka: the red slender loris, Loris tardigradus (Linnaeus, 1758), endemic to the wet zone and montane areas, and the grey slender loris, Loris lydekkerianus (Cabrera, 1908), which is widespread. In addition, currently there are 2 subspecies recognized for each of these 2 slender loris species of Sri Lanka. Yet their taxonomy, evolutionary history, and biogeography are still poorly understood, and there are some preliminary data suggesting the presence of other subspecies. In this study, we have analysed the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequence of 21 Loris specimens collected …

Assessment Of The Incubation Period For Each Sex Of Turkish Semiwild Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus Eremita), Ahmet Kiliç, Ersi̇n Uysal

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The semiwild population of Northern Bald Ibises (Geronticus eremita) at Birecik, Turkey, are the final representatives of the Eastern population of the species in the Middle East, apart from a few captive birds in Turkish zoos. This study took place between 2012 and 2015. Breeding is highly synchronized among the colony and incubation behavior was monitored for multiple nests throughout the day. Differences were found when incubation duty period was examined according to sex. In 2013, the incubation period varied significantly between males and females (F = 71.059, P < 0.001). The female incubated eggs for 178.42 min per day on average, while the male incubated for 233.69 min per day on average. A significant difference in incubation was determined between males and females (F = 91.260, P < 0.001) in 2014. Females sat on eggs for 188.06 min on average, while males sat on eggs for 244.13 min on average. In 2015 the incubation period varied significantly by sex, similar to previous years (F = 79.871, P < 0.001). The female incubated for 159.66 min in average, while the male incubated for 223.07 min on average.

A New Species Of Ami Pérez-Miles, 2008 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) From The Amazon Rainforest, Brazil, Marlus Queiroz Almeida, Lidianne Salvatierra, José Wellington De Morais

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A new species of Ami Pérez-Miles, 2008 is described from the state of Amazonas in Brazil based on three males from Manaus. Ami valentinae sp. nov. is closely related to A. armihuariensis and A. caxiuana by the presence of a granular area on the embolus, but it differs from the first species by the presence of two retrolateral process on the male palpal tibia and differs by the latter by the morphology of the male palpal organ. A. valentinae sp. nov. is the first species of Ami reported for the Amazonas state and second species described for Brazil.

Range Extension Of Kyphosus Vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) In The Northeastern Mediterranean, İskenderun Bay, Turkey, Volkan Bariş Ki̇yağa, Si̇nan Mavruk, Caner Enver Özyurt, Erhan Akamca, Çağil Coşkun

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This paper reports the range extension of Kyphosus vaigiensis in the northeastern (NE) Mediterranean. On 18 November, 2018, a single specimen of K. vaigiensis was caught in İskenderun Bay (36°45.6' N, 35°40.8' E) by a recreational fisherman and reported through a social media application. The specimen was identified using morphological and molecular methods. Its occurrence and distribution in the NE Mediterranean were investigated based on interviews with fishers

Characterization Of Ovine Monocytes In Response To Haemonchus Contortus Larvae In Vitro And A Novel Role Of Interleukin-13 Inducing Larval Paralysis, Elizabeth Shepherd

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Haemonchus contortus is a hematophagous, gastrointestinal parasite affecting small ruminants. Parasitism by H. contortus is the greatest concern of sheep producers in the United States and accounts for billions of dollars in economic loss worldwide. However, different breeds of sheep display differences n natural resistance to H. contortus. St. Croix hair sheep have a remarkable ability to clear H. contortus without the aid of anthelmintics and develop a robust T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response, preventing establishment of infective stage 3 larvae (L3), when compared to susceptible Suffolk sheep. However, the mechanism of development of immune response and …

Evaluating The Effects Of Exogenous Enzyme Supplementation On Broiler Growth, Victoria E. Ayres

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous enzymes in poultry diets. In Chapter 4, a study was conducted to determine the effects of a corn-expressed recombinant carbohydrase (AC1) on broiler performance and digesta viscosity in high non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) diets through 21 days of age. One day-old Hubbard × Cobb 500 chicks were assigned to 6 dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of 12 replicate pens of 10 birds. The positive control diet (PC) was a corn and soybean meal formulation. The negative control diet (NC) included 10% wheat and 10% corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The …

Development Of A Remotely Activated Field Sprayer And Evaluation Of Temperature And Aeration On The Longevity Of Steinernema Riobrave Entomopathogenic Nematodes For Treatment Of Cattle Fever Tick-Infested Nilgai, John A. Goolsby, Diana Cantu, Alejandro Vasquez, Alexis Racelis

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

A remotely activated field sprayer was developed for application of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema riobrave (Cabanillas, Poinar, and Raulston) for eradication of the southern cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini) infesting free-ranging nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in South Texas. The battery powered sprayer is activated by sonic sensors that detect movement of nilgai through fence crossings. An onboard computer operates the sprayer pump and aerator that oxygenates the solution of nematodes. Several types of aeriation, agitation, and cooling were tested to prolong the viability of the nematodes in water. Continuous aeration extended the longevity of S. riobrave to more than two …

Incidence Of The Brown Dog Tick, Rhipicephalus Sanguineus And Its Parasitoid, Ixodiphagus Hookeri On Dogs In South Texas, Alejandro Vasquez, John A. Goolsby, Ann T. Vacek, Alexis Racelis, Rupesh R. Kariyat

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

The southern cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, is a livestock pest worldwide, including South Texas, and can vector Babesia spp.; the causal agents of bovine babesiosis. Its congener, the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, is also common worldwide and is frequently parasitized by a wasp, Ixodiphagus hookeri. To better understand the life history and host location cues of parasitic wasps of ticks, which supports the cattle fever tick eradication program for R. microplus, we examined the incidence of R. sanguineus and its parasitoid I. hookeri. Dogs in Hidalgo County, TX were observed (n=624) from Oct 2018 to April 2019. Our …

Tiger Sharks Eat Songbirds: Reply, J. Marcus Drymon, K. Feldheim, A. M.V. Fournier, A. E. Jefferson, A. M. Kroetz, Sean P. Powers, E. A. Seubert

University Faculty and Staff Publications

In response to our recent paper (Drymon et al. 2019), Yosef (2019) questions the mechanism proposed to explain interactions between tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) and migratory songbirds, while offering an alternative mechanism based on a single observation. We appreciate the comments from Yosef and the opportunity to respond.

Fall Field Report, August - November 2019, W. Ross Silcock

Nebraska Bird Review

By far the most striking feature of this fall’s report is the large number of lingering migrants, a trend that is continuing and apparently increasing, especially among passerines. Editor Jan Paseka counted 17 uses of the word “tardy” and 43 of “late” or “latest”. It is tempting to relate this to the warmer environment and resulting increased availability of food items at higher latitudes and later dates than in previous years. A sad note: a startling occurrence in Gering, Scotts Bluff 20 Aug was described by Marie Smith: “We had a huge hailstorm around 10:30. The hail was probably pea …

Diurnal Habitat Selection Of Migrating Whooping Crane In The Great Plains, David M. Baasch, Patrick D. Farrell, Aaron T. Pearse, David A. Brandt, Andrew J. Caven, Mary J. Harner, Greg D. Wright, Kristine L. Metzger

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Available stopover habitats with quality foraging opportunities are essential for migrating waterbirds, including Whooping Crane (Grus americana). Several studies have evaluated habitats used by Whooping Crane for roosting throughout its migration corridor; however, habitats associated with foraging and other diurnal activities have received less attention. We used data collected from 42 Whooping Crane individuals that included 2169 diurnal use locations within 395 stopover sites evaluated during spring 2013 to fall 2015 to assess diurnal habitat selection throughout the U.S. portion of the migration corridor. We found that Whooping Crane selected wetland land-cover types (i.e., open water, riverine, and semipermanent wetlands) …

Mortality In Aransas-Wood Buffalo Whooping Cranes: Timing, Location, And Causes, Aaron T. Pearse, David A. Brandt, Barry K. Hartup, Mark T. Bidwell

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population (AWBP) of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) has experienced a population growth rate of approximately 4% for multiple decades (Butler et al., 2014a; Miller et al., 1974). Population growth for long-lived species of birds is generally highly sensitive to variation in adult mortality rates (Sæther and Bakke, 2000). A population model for endangered Red-crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis) in Japan conforms to this pattern, where growth rate is most sensitive to adult mortality (Masatomi et al., 2007). Earlier analyses observed that the AWBP growth rate increased in the mid-1950s and that this increase was likely caused by reduced …

U.S. Geological Survey- Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center 2017 Research Activity Report, Mark H. Sherfy

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Contents

Acknowledgments...............................................................................iii

Center Mission and Science Strategy...............................................................1

Lines of Work..................................................................................2

Study Narratives.................................................................................16

Scaphanocephalus-Associated Dermatitis As The Basis For Black Spot Disease In Acanthuridae Of St. Kitts, West Indies, Michelle M. Dennis, Adrien Izquierdo, Anne Conan, Kelsey Johnson, Solenne Giardi, Paul Frye, Mark A. Freeman

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Acanthurus spp. of St. Kitts and other Caribbean islands, including ocean surgeonfish A. bahianus, doctorfish A. chirurgus, and blue tang A. coeruleus, frequently show multifocal cutaneous pigmentation. Initial reports from the Leeward Antilles raised suspicion of a parasitic etiology. The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of the disease in St. Kitts’ Acanthuridae and describe its pathology and etiology. Visual surveys demonstrated consistently high adjusted mean prevalence at 3 shallow reefs in St. Kitts in 2017 (38.9%, 95% CI: 33.8−43.9) and 2018 (51.5%; 95% CI: 46.2−56.9). There were no differences in …

Novel Information On The Morphology, Phylogeny And Distribution Of Camallanid Mematodes From Marine And Freshwater Hosts In South Africa, Including The Description Of Camallanus Sodwanaensis N. Sp., Roman Svitin, Marliese Truter, Olena Kudlai, Nico J. Smit, Louis Du Preez

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Four species of previously known nematodes from the family Camallanidae were found from different hosts in South Africa: Batrachocamallanus xenopodis from the frog Xenopus muelleri, Paracamallanus cyathopharynx, and Procamallanus pseudolaeviconchus from the catfish Clarias gariepinus and Spirocamallanus daleneae from the catfish Synodontis zambezensis. In the material collected from various marine fishes, several specimens of nematodes from the genus Camallanus clearly differed from all previously known species. Based on morphological differences these specimens are assigned to a new species, C. sodwanaensis. Molecular data of 18S and 28S rDNA and COI sequences are provided for the collected species …

Continuous Low-Intensity Ultrasound Attenuates Il-6 And Tnfα-Induced Catabolic Effects And Repairs Chondral Fissures In Bovine Osteochondral Explants, Neety Sahu, Hendrik J. Viljoen, Anuradha Subramanian

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background: Cartilage repair outcomes are compromised in a pro-inflammatory environment; therefore, the mitigation of pro-inflammatory responses is beneficial. Treatment with continuous low-intensity ultrasound (cLIUS) at the resonant frequency of 5 MHz is proposed for the repair of chondral fissures under pro-inflammatory conditions.

Methods: Bovine osteochondral explants, concentrically incised to create chondral fissures, were maintained under cLIUS (14 kPa (5 MHz, 2.5 Vpp), 20 min, 4 times/day) for a period of 28 days in the presence or absence of cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α. Outcome assessments included histological and immunohistochemical staining of the explants; and the expression of …

A Survey On Horse Use And Management In Horse Clubs In China: A Pilot Study, Zhen Li, Zhen Li

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

During the past three decades, significant development of the Chinese equine industry has resulted in a rapid increase in the number of horses in the country. At the same time, many horse clubs face shortages of trained management personnel or specialists in equine science and technology. The objective of this survey was to document and evaluate horse management and use in Chinese horse clubs. A 29-question survey was developed using SurveyMonkey© and tested on a small pilot group before being revised and released to a general pool of participants. The questionnaire link was distributed through WeChat to specific personnel in …

A Bioeconomic Model For The Optimization Of Local Canine Rabies Control, Aaron Anderson, Johann Kotze, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Brody Hatch, Chris Slootmaker, Anne Conan, Darryn Knobel, Louis H. Nel

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We present a new modeling tool that can be used to maximize the impact of canine rabies management resources that are available at the local level. The model is accessible through a web-based interface that allows for flexibility in the management strategies that can be investigated. Rabies vaccination, sterilization, chemo-contraception, and euthanasia can be specified and limited to specific demographic groups. Additionally, we allowed for considerable complexity in the specification of management costs. In many areas, the costs of contacting additional dogs increases as management effort increases, and this can have important strategic implications. We illustrated the application of the …

Rapid Identification Of Phospholipase A2 Transcripts From Snake Venoms, Ying Jia, Pablo Olvera, Frida Rangel, Bianca Mendez, Samir Reddy

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) is a major component in snake venoms and it is found in many different isoforms. To identify transcripts encoding different PLA₂ isoforms, we developed a simple, rapid procedure. Total RNA was extracted from the venoms of three cottonmouth snakes and two diamondback rattlesnakes, and further reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA). Using one pair of cottonmouth PLA₂-specific primers and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique, we identified 27 unique full-length PLA₂ transcripts, including nine sequences identical to the previously documented ones in the database and one novel GIII-like PLA_{2 …}

In The News, Jason Matthews, Joe N. Caudell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification In The Field: Reality Beyond The Potentiality, Donato Antonio Raele, Nicola Pugliese, Domenico Galante, Maria Assunta Cafiero

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

A Comparative Phylotyping Analysis Of E. Coli Originating From Avian Colibacillosis Based On The Clermont Triplex Scheme And Gyra Gene Sequencing, Mohsen Amiri, Elham Ahmadi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Avian colibacillosis (AC) is frequently reported from poultry farms in the west of Iran. The aim of the present survey was to evaluate the phylogeny of Escherichia coli isolated from AC through the Clermont triplex protocol and gyrA gene sequencing. One hundred and fifty fresh carcasses suspected of having died from colibacillosis were sampled. The specimens were examined for E. coli isolation and identification. The extracted DNA repertoire of the isolates was subjected to phylogenetic analysis using Clermont triplex PCR. A DNA fragment of 1.8 kbp of the gyrA gene was amplified from a representative of each phylogroup or subgroup …

Methods Of Diagnosis And Treatment Of Postpartum Uterine Infection Adopted By Algerian Veterinarians, Hamza Rahab, Alessandro Ricci, Ahmed Kasseh-Laouar, Christian Hanzen

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study aimed to monitor the practices of Algerian veterinarians in the diagnosis and treatment of puerperal metritis (PM) and clinical endometritis (CE) in cattle. For this purpose, a questionnaire was established and distributed to collect the information concerning veterinarian profiles and practices related to the diagnosis and treatment of PM and CE. The results showed that examinations of the uterus (rectal palpation), vaginal discharge, and rectal temperature were the most practiced methods for PM (71%, 68%, and 83%, respectively) and CE (86%, 60%, and 65%, respectively) diagnosis. Tetracycline was the antibiotic of choice for intrauterine treatment of PM …

Effects Of The Feeds Containing Hazelnut Meal As Plant Protein Source On Growth Performance And Body Composition Of Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser Baeri) And Economic Profitability Value, Huri̇ye Ariman Karabulut, İlker Zeki̇ Kurtoğlu, Yunus Emre Kirtan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the effects of feeding with the diets containing hazelnut meal (HM) at different levels (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45%) on the growth performance and body composition of Siberian sturgeon were investigated. The study was carried out for 90 days with 3 replicates (n = 15; 283.1 ± 6.52 g fish weight). The highest weight gain (180.62 ± 2.84%) was observed in the control group followed by 15%, 30%, and 45% HM. When the groups were evaluated in terms of SGR, FCR, and PER, the control group was observed to have the best performance. The control group and …

Evaluation Of Milk Glutathione Peroxidase And Superoxide Dismutase Levels In Subclinical Mastitis In Damascus Goats, İsfendi̇yar Darbaz, Seçki̇n Salar, Serkan Sayiner, İdi̇l Baştan, Osman Ergene, Ayhan Baştan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to evaluate milk glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in Damascus goats with subclinical mastitis. According to the somatic cell counts (SCCs), 193 Damascus goats included in the study were divided into healthy (n = 75; SCC 0.05). In summary, a significant increase in GPx and decrease in SOD levels, respectively, were determined in goat milk samples with subclinical mastitis, and these changing trends were correlated with milk SCCs. However, age, parity, and number of offspring were not associated with these changing patterns.

Electrocardiogram And Serum Cardiac Biomarkers Changes In Fmd In Cattle, Ali Abbas Nikvand, Seyedeh Missagh Jalali, Mohammad Nouri, Alireza Ghadrdan Mashhadi, Soroush Hassanpour Amirabadi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was designed to evaluate serum and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in cattle with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Thirty-two cows with clinical signs of FMD and 13 healthy cows were randomly enrolled. After blood sampling, ECG was performed on 23 of the 32 ill cows. Serum circulatory troponin I (cTnI), CPK, LDH, and CK-MB activities were determined in the patient and control groups. Arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia (VT), sinus tachycardia (ST), atrial fibrillation (AF), and premature ventricular complex (PVC) were seen in 4, 4, 2, and 1 of the patients, respectively. The patients had higher cTnI levels than the control group …