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2015

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Articles 1111 - 1127 of 1127

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Human–Felid Conflict In Corridor Habitats: Implications For Tiger And Leopard Conservation In Terai Arc Landscape, India, Manjari Malviya, Krishnamurthy Ramesh Jan 2015

Human–Felid Conflict In Corridor Habitats: Implications For Tiger And Leopard Conservation In Terai Arc Landscape, India, Manjari Malviya, Krishnamurthy Ramesh

Human–Wildlife Interactions

We use the Rajaji-Corbett corridor in the Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) in India to examine the pattern of human–felid conflict in wildlife corridors and its implications for the long-term persistence of tigers (Panthera tigris) and leopards (Panthera pardus) in the landscape. We administered a questionnaire survey of people residing in and around the corridor and also examined forest department records. Results revealed that leopards caused more frequent losses, whereas tigers caused greater economic losses. Local communities perceived leopards as a bigger threat than tigers, due to the intrusive nature of leopards (i.e., entering villages and houses …

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Grass Management Regimes Affect Grasshopper Availability And Subsequently American Crow Activity At Airports, Laura A. Kennedy, Ken A. Otter Jan 2015

Grass Management Regimes Affect Grasshopper Availability And Subsequently American Crow Activity At Airports, Laura A. Kennedy, Ken A. Otter

Human–Wildlife Interactions

With large expanses of open vegetation, airports serve as major attractants for numerous bird species, such as the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), which can lead to high risk of bird–aircraft collision. Previous observations of large influxes of crows at the Prince George Airport (British Columbia, Canada) in July and August suggested that crows were opportunistically foraging on grasshopper (Melanoplus sp.) population eruptions in mown grass during those months. We tested whether grasshoppers were more visible (i.e., easier for crows to detect) under different grass lengths, and whether crows were preferentially attracted to these same grass lengths. Employing …

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Modeling Waterfowl Damage To Crops Surrounding The Quill Lakes In Saskatchewan, Carolyn J. Callaghan, Bahram Daneshfar, Donald J. Thompson Jan 2015

Modeling Waterfowl Damage To Crops Surrounding The Quill Lakes In Saskatchewan, Carolyn J. Callaghan, Bahram Daneshfar, Donald J. Thompson

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Waterfowl using the Central Flyway congregate on staging lakes before fall migration. The Quill lakes area of Saskatchewan Province, Canada, contains many staging lakes, which are surrounded by annual cropland. Crop losses to waterfowl occur every year, but the severity fluctuates greatly from year to year. We obtained historical crop compensation data, waterfowl-staging surveys, harvest chronology, and weather records from various agencies. Using GIS, we referenced all data types to potential claim-land parcels (0.65 km2 for the damage model and 5 km2 for the density model). We constructed empirical landscape level logistic regression models, weighting factors influencing the …

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Characterizing Nontarget Species Use At Bait Sites For White-Tailed Deer, Brent Bowman, Jerrold L. Belant, Dean E. Beyer Jr., Deborah Martel Jan 2015

Characterizing Nontarget Species Use At Bait Sites For White-Tailed Deer, Brent Bowman, Jerrold L. Belant, Dean E. Beyer Jr., Deborah Martel

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Baiting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has evolved into a controversial issue of wildlife management. During August–September 2012, we established a grid of 64 cameras in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan at sites baited with corn that simulated legal bait sites for white-tailed deer to characterize presence, diversity, and frequency of species use. We detected >20 species of wildlife that visited bait sites. We categorized 3,177 of 11,194 images as independent detections (i.e., species detected >1 hour apart). White-tailed deer had the greatest detection rate (47%), but overall detections of nontarget species was slightly greater (53%). Most frequent nontarget …

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Soap Box Reprioritizing Avian Conservation Efforts, Travis L. Devault Jan 2015

Soap Box Reprioritizing Avian Conservation Efforts, Travis L. Devault

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Human Diseases From Wildlife: A Review, Joe N. Caudell Jan 2015

Human Diseases From Wildlife: A Review, Joe N. Caudell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Brown Bear And Human Recreational Use Of Trails In Anchorage, Alaska, Jessica A. Coltrane, Rick Sinnott Jan 2015

Brown Bear And Human Recreational Use Of Trails In Anchorage, Alaska, Jessica A. Coltrane, Rick Sinnott

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Anchorage, Alaska, has 301,000 human residents and hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. Anchorage also supports a viable population of brown bears (Ursus arctos). As a result, human–bear encounters are common. We used camera traps to monitor recreational trails near salmon spawning streams at 3 study sites during the summers of 2009 to 2012 to better understand daily and seasonal activity patterns of bears and humans on these trails. The more remote study sites had the least human activity and the most bear activity. Human–bear encounters were most likely to occur from July through early September due …

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In The News, Jason Matthews, Joe N. Caudell Jan 2015

In The News, Jason Matthews, Joe N. Caudell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Parallel Universes? Increasing Connections Between Ipm And Wdm, Lynn Braband Jan 2015

Parallel Universes? Increasing Connections Between Ipm And Wdm, Lynn Braband

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Managing damage by wild vertebrates often is important, and wildlife damage management (WDM) has incorporated important tenets of integrated pest management (IPM). However, largely separate academic backgrounds have nurtured the IPM and WDM communities. The controversial “hot button” topics have tended to differ. While WDM research and outreach have received some IPM funding, and wildlife studies occasionally appear in IPM journals, attendance at infrequent wildlife sessions during IPM meetings has been sparse. The objectives of this paper are to review important examples of collaboration, and evaluate possibilities for future synergy between these related disciplines.

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Thank Goodness They Got All The Dragons: Wildlife Damage Management Through The Ages, Maureen G. Frank, Michael R. Conover Jan 2015

Thank Goodness They Got All The Dragons: Wildlife Damage Management Through The Ages, Maureen G. Frank, Michael R. Conover

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Whenever the needs both of humans and wildlife overlap, there is a potential for wildlife damage to occur. Wildlife damage has been an issue throughout human history. Typical history essays about wildlife damage management (WDM) examine a chronology of events on the topic. This paper takes a different approach. Looking through the history of WDM, we considered the driving factors behind changes in the management of wildlife damage. Based on the events of WDM history, we defined 4 factors that underlie major shifts in the management of wildlife damage: human population needs, economic stability, social paradigms, and tools and techniques. …

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Winter Habitat Associations Of Blackbirds And Starlings Wintering In The South-Central United States, Matthew Strassburg, Shawn M. Crimmins, Patrick C. Mckann, Wayne E. Thogmartin Jan 2015

Winter Habitat Associations Of Blackbirds And Starlings Wintering In The South-Central United States, Matthew Strassburg, Shawn M. Crimmins, Patrick C. Mckann, Wayne E. Thogmartin

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Birds can cause extensive crop damage in the United States. In some regions, depredating species comprise a substantial portion of the total avian population, emphasizing their importance both economically and ecologically. We used the National Audubon Society Christmas Bird Count data from the south-central United States and mixed-effects models to identify habitat factors associated with population trend and abundance for 5 species: red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), rusty blackbird (Euphagus carolinus), Brewer’s blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus), and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Overall, we found positive associations between bird …

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Assessing Gull Abundance And Food Availability In Urban Parking Lots, Dan Clark, Jillian J. Whitney, Kenneth G. Mackenzie, Kiana K. G. Koenen, Stephen Destefano Jan 2015

Assessing Gull Abundance And Food Availability In Urban Parking Lots, Dan Clark, Jillian J. Whitney, Kenneth G. Mackenzie, Kiana K. G. Koenen, Stephen Destefano

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Feeding birds is a common activity throughout the world; yet, little is known about the extent of feeding gulls in urban areas. We monitored 8 parking lots in central Massachusetts, USA, during the fall and winter of 2011 to 2013 in 4 monitoring sessions to document the number of gulls present, the frequency of human–gull feeding interactions, and the effectiveness of signage and direct interaction in reducing human-provisioned food. Parking lots were divided between “education” and “no-education” lots. In education lots, we erected signs about problems caused when people feed birds and also asked people to stop feeding birds. We …

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Does Body Condition Affect Immediate Post-Capture Survival Of Ungulates?, Louis C. Bender Jan 2015

Does Body Condition Affect Immediate Post-Capture Survival Of Ungulates?, Louis C. Bender

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Many factors are known or are thought to increase vulnerability to capture-related mortality in ungulates. I compared body condition of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelson), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) to assess whether those that survived capture differed from those that did not. Fate of ungulates was generally not related to condition (F1,646 = 1.6; P = 0.21), and this relationship was similar among species (species × fate interaction: F4,646 = 1.3; P = 0.29), season of capture (species × season × fate interaction: F6,646 = …

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Evaluating Competing Preferences Of Hunters And Landowners For Management Of Deer Populations, Gino J. D'Angelo, Marrett D. Grund Jan 2015

Evaluating Competing Preferences Of Hunters And Landowners For Management Of Deer Populations, Gino J. D'Angelo, Marrett D. Grund

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Most state wildlife agencies consider public input in the management of whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations. In 2013, we surveyed deer hunters (n = 3,600) and landowners (n = 4,604) in southwest Minnesota to gauge their preferences for managing deer. We hypothesized a priori that, irrespective of their perceived impacts of deer, hunters would prefer deer populations to be increased and landowners would prefer deer populations to be decreased. Our findings suggest that defining stakeholder groups according to primary associations with deer (i.e., farming and hunting) accurately categorized differences in tolerance levels for deer populations in …

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Cost-Effective Approach To Reducing Collisions With Elk By Fencing Between Existing Highway Structures, Jeffrey W. Gagnon, Chad D. Loberger, Scott C. Sprague, Kari S. Ogren, Susan L. Boe, Raymond E. Schweinsburg Jan 2015

Cost-Effective Approach To Reducing Collisions With Elk By Fencing Between Existing Highway Structures, Jeffrey W. Gagnon, Chad D. Loberger, Scott C. Sprague, Kari S. Ogren, Susan L. Boe, Raymond E. Schweinsburg

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Collisions with large ungulates cause serious human and animal injuries and significant property damage. Therefore, wildlife crossing structures are increasingly included in new road construction to reduce wildlife–vehicle collisions, while still allowing wildlife to safely cross roads. Recently, state and federal transportation budgets have declined, concomitantly reducing the construction of wildlife crossing structures, which are generally tied to large-scale reconstruction projects that are delayed for decades into the future. Nevertheless, even during times of fiscal constraint or temporal delay, it is still necessary to reduce collisions with wildlife and maintain habitat connectivity. Therefore, it is important to find cost-effective and …

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Evaluation Of 9,10 Anthraquinone Application To Pre-Seed Set Sunflowers For Repelling Blackbirds, Megan D. Niner, George M. Linz, Mark E. Clark Jan 2015

Evaluation Of 9,10 Anthraquinone Application To Pre-Seed Set Sunflowers For Repelling Blackbirds, Megan D. Niner, George M. Linz, Mark E. Clark

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Most nonlethal methods available for reducing blackbird (Icteridae) damage to sunflowers rely on fright responses (e.g., propane cannons, distress calls, pyrotechnics, raptor silhouettes) that birds quickly learn to ignore. Chemicals that cause taste or feeding aversions have potential to overcome the spatial and behavioral limitations of frightening methods. Anthraquinone (AQ) is an effective feeding repellent as a seed treatment to deter birds from eating freshly planted grains. In the United States, foliar application of AQ is not permitted on food crops except on small experimental plots. In August 2013, we applied 37.4 L/ha of an aqueous mix consisting of 15.1 …

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Harvest Demographics Of Temperate-Breeding Canada Geese In South Dakota, 1967–1995, Jeffrey S. Gleason, Jonathan A. Jenks, David E. Naugle, Paul W. Mammenga, Spencer J. Vaa, Jennifer M. Pritchett Jan 2015

Harvest Demographics Of Temperate-Breeding Canada Geese In South Dakota, 1967–1995, Jeffrey S. Gleason, Jonathan A. Jenks, David E. Naugle, Paul W. Mammenga, Spencer J. Vaa, Jennifer M. Pritchett

Human–Wildlife Interactions

In South Dakota, breeding giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima) have increased substantially, and harvest management strategies have been implemented to maximize hunting opportunity (e.g., special early-September seasons) on local, as well as molt-migrant giant Canada geese (B. c. interior) while still protecting lesser abundant Arctic breeding Canada geese and cackling geese (e.g., B. hutchinsii, B. minima). Information on important parameters, such as survival and recovery rates, are generally lacking for giant Canada geese in the northern Great Plains. Patterns in Canada goose band recoveries can provide insight into the distribution, chronology, and harvest pressures …

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