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Animal Sciences Commons

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2008

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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Teaching Risk Management Principles To Livestock Producers Through Production-Oriented Workshops, C Kim Chapman Jan 2008

Teaching Risk Management Principles To Livestock Producers Through Production-Oriented Workshops, C Kim Chapman

All Current Publications

This bulletin explains how to effectively marry risk management education, which producers do not have a natural affinity for, and production-oriented education, which is usually very popular with producers. The Beehive Master Beef Manager Program is used as a model.


Investigating Current Efficacies Of Several Nematocides For Use In Cattle According To The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test, Tifanie Silver, Chris Tucker, Jeremy Powell, Jana Reynolds, Zelpha Johnson, Bill Lindsey, Pete Hornsby, T. A. Yazwinski Jan 2008

Investigating Current Efficacies Of Several Nematocides For Use In Cattle According To The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test, Tifanie Silver, Chris Tucker, Jeremy Powell, Jana Reynolds, Zelpha Johnson, Bill Lindsey, Pete Hornsby, T. A. Yazwinski

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Utilizing small groups of naturally infected replacement heifers, fecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) were conducted in the later months of 2007 at the University of Arkansas Savoy Research Station. Each test was 28 d in length, consisting of individual fecal nematode egg counts (EPG) and coprocultures. For the first test, the calves were ranked by beginning EPG, blocked, and randomly assigned treatment within each block. Nine to ten animals were in each treatment group. In this test, neither IVOMEC (® Merial) or IVERMECTIN (® Durvet), both delivered as an injectable at the rate of 0.2 mg of ivermectin kg-1 …


The Director's Desk Keeping Up With All Those Deer, Bruce D. Leopold Jan 2008

The Director's Desk Keeping Up With All Those Deer, Bruce D. Leopold

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.


The Soap Box Avoiding The Blame Game In Managing Problem Black Bears, Michael L. Wolfe Jan 2008

The Soap Box Avoiding The Blame Game In Managing Problem Black Bears, Michael L. Wolfe

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.


Landscape And Traffic Factors Influencing Deer–Vehicle Collisions In An Urban Enviroment, Janet W. Ng, Charlene Nielsen, Colleen Cassady St. Clair Jan 2008

Landscape And Traffic Factors Influencing Deer–Vehicle Collisions In An Urban Enviroment, Janet W. Ng, Charlene Nielsen, Colleen Cassady St. Clair

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) are steadily increasing across North America. The increase is particularly pronounced in urban green spaces where deer (Odocoileus spp.) populations and road densities are high. In the greater city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 333 DVCs occurred from 2002 to 2004. To identify landscape and traffic correlates of these collisions, we built 3 statistical models. The first model assessed the importance of local variables and was based on a spatial precision of the nearest intersection to which collisions were referenced. The second model was based on landscape characteristics and used the nearest township intersection to aggregate collisions. …


Deer–Vehicle Collision Prevention Techniques, Lauren L. Mastro, Michael R. Conover, S. Nicole Frey Jan 2008

Deer–Vehicle Collision Prevention Techniques, Lauren L. Mastro, Michael R. Conover, S. Nicole Frey

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Every year in the United States approximately 1.5 million deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) occur resulting in >29,000 human injuries, >200 human fatalities, 1.3 million deer fatalities, and >1 billion dollars worth of property damage. Despite the magnitude of this problem, there are relatively few well-designed studies that have evaluated techniques that can be used to reduce DVCs. Techniques to reduce DVCs fall into 4 categories: reducing the number of deer (Odocoileus spp.), reducing the number of vehicles, modifying deer behavior, and changing motorist behavior. Techniques to reduce the number of deer include decreasing the deer population or excluding deer from …


Demographics Of Non-Hunted White-Tailed Deer Populations In Suburban Areas, Anthony J. Denicola, Dwayne R. Etter, Thomas Almendinger Jan 2008

Demographics Of Non-Hunted White-Tailed Deer Populations In Suburban Areas, Anthony J. Denicola, Dwayne R. Etter, Thomas Almendinger

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Burgeoning deer populations in urban and suburban areas, along with the inherent problems stemming from this increase, are becoming increasingly widespread. To address these problems, wildlife biologists need quality baseline data of herd composition for harvest and treatment forecasts for management and fertility control research programs. In this study, we provide white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population data from 4 areas where localized suburban white-tailed deer populations were substantially reduced utilizing sharpshooting as a management tool. In each area, legal hunting was nonexistent for >10 years preceding the sharpshooting program. The areas ranged in size from 300 ha to …


Book Review The Double-Crested Cormorant: Issues And Management, Valerie M. Burton Jan 2008

Book Review The Double-Crested Cormorant: Issues And Management, Valerie M. Burton

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.


Editor's Introduction Why Are So Many People Attacked By Predators?, Michael R. Conover Jan 2008

Editor's Introduction Why Are So Many People Attacked By Predators?, Michael R. Conover

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.


The Soap Box Impacts Of The Cancellation Of The Spring Bear Hunt In Ontario, Canada, Raynald Harvey Lemelin Jan 2008

The Soap Box Impacts Of The Cancellation Of The Spring Bear Hunt In Ontario, Canada, Raynald Harvey Lemelin

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.


The Soap Box Resolving Conflicts Between Humans And The Threatened Louisiana Black Bear, Walter Cotton Jan 2008

The Soap Box Resolving Conflicts Between Humans And The Threatened Louisiana Black Bear, Walter Cotton

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.


Commentary Impacts Of The Black Bear Supplemental Feeding Program On Ecology In Western Washington, Georg J. Ziegltrum Jan 2008

Commentary Impacts Of The Black Bear Supplemental Feeding Program On Ecology In Western Washington, Georg J. Ziegltrum

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.


Commentary Yosemite National Park: The Continuous Evolution Of Human–Black Bear Conflict Management, Joseph S. Madison Jan 2008

Commentary Yosemite National Park: The Continuous Evolution Of Human–Black Bear Conflict Management, Joseph S. Madison

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.


Carnivores, Urban Landscapes, And Longitudinal Studies: A Case History Of Black Bears, Jon P. Beckmann, Carl W. Lackey Jan 2008

Carnivores, Urban Landscapes, And Longitudinal Studies: A Case History Of Black Bears, Jon P. Beckmann, Carl W. Lackey

Human–Wildlife Interactions

As urban landscapes expand across the globe, it becomes imperative to understand how these landscapes affect large carnivore populations. We examined the effects of humanaltered landscapes on age-specific fecundity and life history parameters for female black bears (Ursus americanus) in urban and wildland regions in the northern Sierra Nevada Mountains of Nevada, including the Lake Tahoe Basin. We followed 12 marked female bears in an urban environment and 10 females in wildland habitats from 1997–2006. Our results show that female bears in urban areas have higher age-specific fecundity rates than did wildland female bears. Despite this difference, female …


Trans Fatty Acids Provide Evidence Of Anthropogenic Feeding By Black Bears, Gregory W. Thiemann, Randal S. Stahl, Sharon Baruch-Mordo, Stewart W. Breck Jan 2008

Trans Fatty Acids Provide Evidence Of Anthropogenic Feeding By Black Bears, Gregory W. Thiemann, Randal S. Stahl, Sharon Baruch-Mordo, Stewart W. Breck

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Bears (Ursus spp.) that become conditioned to anthropogenic food sources pose a risk to human safety and generally need to be relocated, rehabilitated, or destroyed. Identifying food-conditioned bears may be difficult if the animal is not captured or killed while immediately engaged in the nuisance behavior. Fatty acid signature analysis has been used to examine the dietary habits of bears and other carnivores and is based on the predictable incorporation of ingested fatty acids into the consumer’s fat stores. Unusual fatty acids that are available in only a few food types may be particularly useful dietary markers. In this …


Evaluation Of Physical Barriers To Prevent Prairie Dog Colony Expansion, Gary W. Witmer, James Gionfriddo, Michael Pipas Jan 2008

Evaluation Of Physical Barriers To Prevent Prairie Dog Colony Expansion, Gary W. Witmer, James Gionfriddo, Michael Pipas

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Expansion of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies on public and private lands can result in damage to property. Physical barriers to prairie dogs can be used to minimize human–wildlife conflicts. We evaluated 17 existing barriers in the Fort Collins and Boulder, Colorado, areas. Most barriers were made of a single row of vinyl material; these barriers sustained high levels of damage, primarily from wind, and were frequently breached by prairie dogs digging underneath them. Barriers that included a vegetation and a vinyl barrier or a double-vinyl barrier were wind damaged and breached less frequently than the singlevinyl …


Relationship Between Raccoon Abundance And Crop Damage, James C. Beasley, Olin E. Rhodes Jr Jan 2008

Relationship Between Raccoon Abundance And Crop Damage, James C. Beasley, Olin E. Rhodes Jr

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Wildlife damage to crops is a widespread concern among agricultural producers and wildlife professionals. In the United States, raccoon (Procyon lotor) damage to field corn (Zea maize) has become a serious concern, as raccoon depredation to corn has increased significantly in recent years. However, little information is available to suggest the underlying factors responsible for recent increases in raccoon depredation on agricultural crops because there is a limited understanding of the ecological factors influencing wildlife damage to crops at local scales. During 2004, we initiated a study to elucidate the ecological factors influencing depredation to field …


Editor's Introduction Safe Driving Suggestions For Deer Country, Michael R. Conover Jan 2008

Editor's Introduction Safe Driving Suggestions For Deer Country, Michael R. Conover

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.


Gnrh Immunocontraception Of Male And Female White-Tailed Deer Fawns, Lowell A. Miller, James P. Gionfriddo, Jack C. Rhyan, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Donald C. Wagner, Gary J. Killian Jan 2008

Gnrh Immunocontraception Of Male And Female White-Tailed Deer Fawns, Lowell A. Miller, James P. Gionfriddo, Jack C. Rhyan, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Donald C. Wagner, Gary J. Killian

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Immunocontraceptive vaccines based on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been tested in adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), but their effects on fawns are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if early immunization against GnRH would induce a long-lasting immune response in fawns, and if it would delay or prevent sexual development. We gave primary and subsequent booster injections of a KLH-GnRH/Freund’s vaccine to 6 male and 6 female fawns. This vaccine contained the same active ingredients as GonaCon™ vaccine, but it contained Freund’s adjuvant instead of AdjuVac™ adjuvant. Two 450-μg injections were given 1 month apart …


In The News, Joe N. Caudell Jan 2008

In The News, Joe N. Caudell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.


The Director's Desk It’S A Bear Market For Research, Johan T. Du Toit Jan 2008

The Director's Desk It’S A Bear Market For Research, Johan T. Du Toit

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.


The Director's Desk Misconceptions Hamper Protection Of Bears, Bruce D. Leopold Jan 2008

The Director's Desk Misconceptions Hamper Protection Of Bears, Bruce D. Leopold

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.


Modeling Wildlife Damage To Crops In Northern Indiana, Mónica I. Retamosa, Lee A. Humberg, James C. Beasley, Olin E. Rhodes Jr. Jan 2008

Modeling Wildlife Damage To Crops In Northern Indiana, Mónica I. Retamosa, Lee A. Humberg, James C. Beasley, Olin E. Rhodes Jr.

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Comprehensive information on crop damage by wildlife species is critical if effective strategies for controlling wildlife damage are to be formulated. Discriminating how landscape composition and configuration attributes influence crop damage is important for implementing landscape management techniques to resolve human–wildlife conflicts. We analyzed crop damage data from 100 corn fields and 60 soybean fields located in the Upper Wabash River Basin of northern Indiana during 2003 and 2004. We used negative binomial regression to model the rate of damage to corn and soybean crops in response to local and landscape variables. Rate of crop damage was best predicted by …


Foal Hoof Care Fact Sheet, When And How Often To Trim?, Patricia Evans, Scott Mckendrick, Kerry A. Rood Jan 2008

Foal Hoof Care Fact Sheet, When And How Often To Trim?, Patricia Evans, Scott Mckendrick, Kerry A. Rood

All Current Publications

This publication provides detailed information on proper hoof trimming of foals including the first trim and correcting minor deviations. Includes photos and illustrations.


Meeting The Energy Needs Of The Horse, Patricia Evans, Yvette Connely Jan 2008

Meeting The Energy Needs Of The Horse, Patricia Evans, Yvette Connely

All Current Publications

This publication describes energy and how it affects the horse from a nutritional aspect.


Determination Of The Amino Acid And Chemical Composition Of Canned Smoked Mussels (Mytilus Galloprovincialis, L.), Gülgün F. Ünal Şengör, Hüseyi̇n Gün, Hani̇fe Kalafatoğlu Jan 2008

Determination Of The Amino Acid And Chemical Composition Of Canned Smoked Mussels (Mytilus Galloprovincialis, L.), Gülgün F. Ünal Şengör, Hüseyi̇n Gün, Hani̇fe Kalafatoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this research smoking and canning techniques were applied to cultured mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, L.) from the Çanakkkale Strait in Eceabat, Turkey. Mussels that were smoked by liquid and traditional methods were canned in different sauces. The chemical composition and amino acid composition of the canned smoked mussels were determined by the results of laboratory analyses. As a result of smoking and canning mussels, a food with high nutritional value was obtained. It was determined that the heat applied to the product during smoking and canning did not effect amino acid composition negatively and that if any losses occur, they …


Effect Of Different Diets On Growth Performance And Feed Efficiency In Early Weaned Piglets, Fi̇li̇z Akdağ, Özkan Elmaz, Can Kutay, Hidir Demi̇r Jan 2008

Effect Of Different Diets On Growth Performance And Feed Efficiency In Early Weaned Piglets, Fi̇li̇z Akdağ, Özkan Elmaz, Can Kutay, Hidir Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study the effects of different diets on the survival, growth performance, and feed efficiency of early weaned piglets were investigated. In this study, 96 crossbred piglets obtained from uncontrolled interbreeding of Bulgarian Large White, Large Black, and Turopolje for many years, which had weaned at the age of 28 days, were used and they were grouped equally to form one control and 2 experimental groups. Each group was fed with a different protein diet for 4 weeks: the first group was fed sunflower meal (SFM), the second group was fed soybean meal (SBM), and the control group was …


A Study Of Somatic Cell Counts In The Milk Of Holstein-Friesian Cows Managed In Mediterranean Climatic Conditions, Atakan Koç Jan 2008

A Study Of Somatic Cell Counts In The Milk Of Holstein-Friesian Cows Managed In Mediterranean Climatic Conditions, Atakan Koç

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Somatic cell counts (SCC) in the milk of Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows were determined by direct microscopic SCC technique. For a two-year period, milk samples were collected monthly from buckets during the morning and evening milkings at 4 different dairy farms. In total, 1,464 SCC readings from 88 HF cows were analyzed by using repeated measures. Herd, lactation month, parity, milking time, and herd interaction effects on SCC were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The average SCC in milk per herd was between 296,483 and 688,811 cells/ml. SCC in milk increased as parity increased. The average SCC in milk from evening milking was about 83,165 cells/ml higher than from morning milking. Improving milking management, reducing stress, providing extra care during the first month of lactation, and milking at a uniform interval will help to decrease SCC in milk and the prevalence of mastitis.


Semen Collection From Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica) Using A Teaser Female, Bronislawa Chelmonska, Anna Jerysz, Ewa Lukaszewicz, Artur Kowalczyk, Irek Malecki Jan 2008

Semen Collection From Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica) Using A Teaser Female, Bronislawa Chelmonska, Anna Jerysz, Ewa Lukaszewicz, Artur Kowalczyk, Irek Malecki

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The quantity and quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) semen collected individually after stimulation by a teaser female was assessed. From among 25 mature males, 10 were selected for experimental purposes on the basis of reaction intensity to stimulation, size of the proctodeal foam gland, and ejaculation speed. Males were kept individually in cages (32 x 44 x 24 cm) and 5 females that served for male stimulation were kept in a group cage (60 x 45 x 48 cm). The applied method of semen collection was very effective and with it we obtained ejaculates of good quality; average volume …


Harvesting And Evaluation Of Riverine Buffalo Follicular Oocytes, Huma Jamil, Hafiz Abdus Samad, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Laeed Akbar Lodhi Jan 2008

Harvesting And Evaluation Of Riverine Buffalo Follicular Oocytes, Huma Jamil, Hafiz Abdus Samad, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Laeed Akbar Lodhi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The low superovulatory response and poor recovery rate of oocytes are major impediments to the application of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology in buffaloes. The present study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of oocyte collection methods, season (low and peak breeding season), and ovarian status (presence or absence of corpus luteum) on the recovery rate and quality of recovered buffalo follicular oocytes. For this purpose riverine buffalo ovaries were collected from buffaloes slaughtered at Faisalabad Municipal Corporation Slaughter House. To study the efficiency of 3 different recovery methods the ovaries were dissected (n = 291), punctured (n …