Animal Sciences Commons^™

Earthworm Abundances In Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures In Northwest Arkansas, Ashley Rashe, Mary C. Savin

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The ecology of organisms that co-evolve within an ecosystem is likely to be distinct from that involving organisms recently introduced into an area. To better understand the relationship of earthworms with endophyte-infected tall fescue, earthworms in novel and toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures were enumerated and identified as adults or juveniles. We hypothesized that differences in endophyte infection of the fescue would influence earthworm abundances. Earthworms in two toxic and two novel endophyte-infected tall fescue fields in Fayetteville, Ark., were sampled weekly from January through July 2007. Each type of endophyte-infected pasture was established in 1997 and 2003. Sampling was …

Investigating Current Efficacies Of Several Nematocides For Use In Cattle According To The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test, Tifanie Silver, Chris Tucker, Jeremy Powell, Jana Reynolds, Zelpha Johnson, Bill Lindsey, Pete Hornsby, T. A. Yazwinski

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Utilizing small groups of naturally infected replacement heifers, fecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) were conducted in the later months of 2007 at the University of Arkansas Savoy Research Station. Each test was 28 d in length, consisting of individual fecal nematode egg counts (EPG) and coprocultures. For the first test, the calves were ranked by beginning EPG, blocked, and randomly assigned treatment within each block. Nine to ten animals were in each treatment group. In this test, neither IVOMEC (® Merial) or IVERMECTIN (® Durvet), both delivered as an injectable at the rate of 0.2 mg of ivermectin kg-1 …

Population Ecology Of The Golden Mouse, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

An understanding of the population dynamics of a species requires knowledge of the major life-history parameters of a population, including age at maturity, distribution of age classes, and lifetime reproductive contribution of the sexes, sex ratio, length of the breeding season, mean litter size, rates of growth and survival, and life span. Because few long-term studies have been conducted with Ochrotomys nuttalli as the focal species of investigation, only fragmentary information is available for many population parameters. As importantly, densities of golden mice often are low, making them difficult to evaluate statistically. Little has been published on age at maturity …

Examination Of Crayfish Biodiversity And Distribution Within The Grand River, Michigan, Norrissa M. Thomas, Daniel A. Bergman

Student Summer Scholars Manuscripts

Invertebrates make up a large part of the world's biological diversity and perform essential ecological functions. Many invertebrates are under threat of extinction due to extreme transformations of habitats. Crayfish are one such threatened invertebrate. Crayfish are keystone species in many freshwater systems. Keystone species are those species most important in shaping the ecology of a system. Crayfish are an important resource for many animals and affect species diversity and abundance. Specifically, crayfish can adversely affect ecosystems by removing plants, making the water turbid. They also prey on fish eggs reducing their numbers. There are 415 species of crayfish in …

Foal Hoof Care Fact Sheet, When And How Often To Trim?, Patricia Evans, Scott Mckendrick, Kerry A. Rood

All Current Publications

This publication provides detailed information on proper hoof trimming of foals including the first trim and correcting minor deviations. Includes photos and illustrations.

Meeting The Energy Needs Of The Horse, Patricia Evans, Yvette Connely

All Current Publications

This publication describes energy and how it affects the horse from a nutritional aspect.

Teaching Risk Management Principles To Livestock Producers Through Production-Oriented Workshops, C Kim Chapman

All Current Publications

This bulletin explains how to effectively marry risk management education, which producers do not have a natural affinity for, and production-oriented education, which is usually very popular with producers. The Beehive Master Beef Manager Program is used as a model.

Low-Density Rodent Communities In Eastern Virginia, Robert K. Rose, Jean F. Stankavich

Virginia Journal of Science

Two communities of small mammals were live trapped every other week for 15 months in linear oilfield habitat bordered by forested swampland in eastern Virginia. All nine species of the rodent community were present, mostly in low numbers and often intermittently. All species were characterized by high transiency, with a minority of marked animals becoming resident. Despite high trappability, all but two species in these communities had extremely low densities, suggesting that most species could not sustain populations via in situ reproduction.

A Literature Review Of The Effects Of Energy Development On Ungulates: Implications For Central And Eastern Montana, Mark Hebblewhite

Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications

A literature review of >160 scientific and technical reports was conducted to review the effects of energy development ungulates, separated by important seasonal and habitat types. Effects of energy development and human activity in general were assessed for elk, mule deer, pronghorn antelope, moose, bighorn sheep and woodland caribou. Weaknesses of the existing literature in addressing and providing guidelines for the management of energy development are presented. A recommended course of action for management oriented research is presented. Finally, a searchable electronic database is developed of the literature including abstracts and digital copies to aid in evaluating future energy development …

A Spatial Sirs Boolean Network Model For The Spread Of H5n1 Avian Influenza Virus Among Poultry Farms, Alexander Kasyanov, Leona Kirkland, Mihaela Teodora Matache

Mathematics Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

To predict the spread of Avian Influenza we propose a synchronous Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible (SIRS) Boolean network of poultry farms, using probabilistic Boolean rules. Gravity models from transportation theory are used for the probability of infection of a node in one time step, taking into account farm sizes, distances be- tween farms, and mean distance travelled by birds. Basic reproduction numbers are computed analytically and numerically. The dynamics of the network are analyzed and various statistics considered such as number of infected nodes or time until eradication of the epidemic. We conclude that mostly when large farms (eventually) become infected the epidemic …

Insects Inhabiting The Burrows Of The Ozark Pocket Gopher In Arkansas, Peter W. Kovarik, Stephen W. Chordas Iii, H. Robison, P. Skelley, M. Connior, J. Fiene, G. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Pocket gopher burrows provide a stable environment for a variety of inquilines; hence this mammal is regarded as a keystone species. Most of the arthropods inhabiting pocket gopher burrows are restricted to this microhabitat. As part of a planned state-wide biotic survey of insects inhabiting this unusual microhabitat, we have focused our initial sampling efforts on the Ozark pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius ozarkensis; Geomyidae). In 2004 and 2005, pitfall traps were established in pocket gopher burrows and in 2007 and 2008, nests and associated chambers were excavated. Retrieved samples contained scarab, histerid, and rove beetles, cave crickets and anthomyiid flies. …

Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott Gardner

Zea E-Books Collection

An exhaustive dictionary of over 13,000 terms relating to invertebrate zoology, including etymologies, word derivations and taxonomic classification. Entries cover parasitology, nematology, marine invertebrates, insects, and anatomy, biology, and reproductive processes for the following phyla: Acanthocephala Annelida Arthropoda Brachiopoda Bryozoa Chaetognatha Cnidaria Ctenophora Echinodermata Echiura Entoprocta Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Mesozoa Mollusca Nemata Nematomorpha Nemertea Onychophora Pentastoma Phoronida Placozoa Platyhelminthes Pogonophora Porifera Priapula Rotifera Sipuncula Tardigrada.

doi:10.13014/K2DR2SN5

Effect Of Three Cryoconservation Diluents On Sperm Motility And Vitality In The Ejaculate Of Bulbourethal-Ectomized Llamas (Lama Glama), Department Of La Paz, Edwin Eddy Maceda Tintaya

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different diluents used during the cryopreservation process on the motility and vitality of sperm cells. The three diluters used in this study were: A) trice-serum-egg yolk-glycerin, B) serum-egg yolk-glycerin, and C) Dulbecco’s serum-egg-yolk- glycerin. Diluters were tested in proportions of 64-15-15-6% (N1), 54-20-20-6% (N2), and 44-35-15-6% (N3). Llama semen was collected at the Mejoramiento Genético y Diagnóstico Clínico Del Servicio Agropecuario (SEDAG) in the Los Andes Province of the Department of La Paz. The procedure took place at the Unidad Académica Campesina de Tiahuanaco by a direct optimized …

The Influence Of Calf Selenium Status On Gpx-1 And 3 Activity And Liver Gpx-1 Mrna, Genevieve Elizabeth Tanner

LSU Master's Theses

The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of dietary Se on glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1 and 3 activities and relative liver GPx mRNA levels in growing Holstein bull calves. Calves (n = 14) were started 28 d after birth on either a Se adequate (0.15 ppm Se) or deficient (0.01 ppm Se) diet consisting of 3 growth phases and maintained on the diet until 180 d of age. Blood samples were taken from each calf for determination of GPx-1 and GPx-3 activity. Three calves were euthanized at d 21 of age for determination of baseline liver GPx-1 mRNA …

Effects Of Probiotics And Yeast Culture On Rumen Development And Growth Of Dairy Calves, Jennifer Marie Laborde

LSU Master's Theses

Forty-eight calves (heifers n=20, bulls n=28) were randomly assigned one of four dietary treatments which included no additive (C); the yeast culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YC); the probiotics Bacillus lichenformis and Bacillus subtilis (P); and both yeast culture and probiotics (YCP). Calves were administered treatments from day 2 to 56 in starter and from day 57 to 84 in grower diets. Body weights were measured at birth and weekly thereafter until day 112 of age. Wither and hip heights were measured weekly. Feed intake, water intake, and fecal scores were recorded twice daily until day 56. Rumen fluid was collected on …

Hatchability Of Post-Peak Egg Production Broiler Breeder Eggs As Influenced By Pre-Incubation Warming, Cameron Benjamin Wiggins Ii

LSU Master's Theses

This research was conducted to determine the effects of pre-incubation warming on the hatchability of post-peak egg production broiler breeder eggs. An experiment with six trials was conducted with 7,920 freshly laid eggs from Ross 308 and 708 broiler breeders from 61-67-wks of age. For each trial, 1,320 eggs were used to determine if pre-incubation warming treatments of 0, 2, 4, and 6, or 0, 3, 6, and 9, or 0, 9, 12 and 15 hrs (at 37.6°C) could improve the hatchability of eggs stored (at 15.5°C) for three days. After a storage period of three days, the eggs were …

The Biology, Nymphal Stages, And Life Habits Of The Endemic Sand Dune Cricket Schizodactylus Inexpectatus (Werner, 1901) (Orthoptera: Schizodactylidae), Gökhan Aydin, Andrey Khomutov

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The biology, nymphal stages, and life habits of the endemic dune cricket Schizodactylus inexpectatus (Werner, 1901) (Orthoptera: Schizodactylidae) were investigated in this study carried out between 2000 and 2007 in the Çukurova delta (Adana province) and in Alata (Mersin province), Turkey. The study showed that S. inexpectatus, which is a nocturnal insect, passes through 9 nymphal stages, each characterised by its own body size. The present study showed that certain properties of burrows, such as their depths, do not depend on either adult or immature stages of the insect. Food preferences of cannibalistic species of S. inexpectatus were also investigated …

Out Of South America: Multiple Origins Of Non-Native Apple Snails In Asia, Kenneth Hayes

Department of Biology Faculty Publications

Apple snails (Ampullariidae: Pomacea) native to the New World have become agricultural and environmental pests widely in southern and eastern Asia since their introduction in about 1980. Although their impacts have been extensively documented, considerable confusion persists regarding their identities and geographical origins. Efforts to resolve the confusion have suffered from inadequate taxonomic and geographical sampling from both native and introduced ranges. Using phylogenetic and genealogical methods, we analysed 610–655 bp of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I DNA sequences from 783 apple snails from 164 Asian locations and 57 native South American locations. In Asia, we found four species of …

Chemical And Sensory Properties Of Beef Of Known Source And Finished On Wet Distillers Grains Diets Containing Varying Types And Levels Of Roughage, B. E. Jenschke, Joshua R. Benton, Chris R. Calkins, Timothy P. Carr, Kent M. Eskridge, Terry Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Beef knuckles (n = 160) were obtained from source-verified cattle finished on 30% wet distillers grains plus solubles enriched with varying levels of alfalfa hay (4 or 8%), corn silage (6 or 12%), or corn stalks (3 or 6%) based on NDF. Proximate analysis, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, fatty acid composition, and sensory analysis were conducted on the rectus femoris muscle to determine if roughage inclusion, in conjunction with wet distillers grains plus solubles and cattle source, affects beef flavor with particular interest in liver-like off-flavor. Proximate analysis, fat content, and oxidation-reduction potential were unaffected (P ≥ 0.129) by diet or …

Determination Of Diet Protein And Digestibility Of Native Sandhills Upland Range, Bobbi Gene Geisert, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Walter H. Schacht

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A significant year by grazing level effect was detected on CP content of diet samples collected from 2003 to 2005 at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory. During drought years (2003 and 2004) cows selected plants which were higher in CP and lower in digestibility. High levels of grazing pressure decreased diet IVOMD compared to diets from ungrazed and moderately grazed pastures. Prediction models generated from these data predict dietary CP and organic matter disappearance (OMD) of cattle grazing native Sandhills range pastures.

Evaluation Of Storage Methods For Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles With Added Forages, Daniel R. Adams, Mallorie F. Wilken, Brandon L. Nuttleman, Luke M. Kavorik, Joshua R. Benton, Matthew A. Greenquist, Galen E, Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Richard J. Rasby

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Six experiments indicated minimum amounts of dry feedstuffs needed for storage of wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) in a silo bag, with a constant pressure of 300 psi, were 15% grass hay, 12.5% wheat straw, 22.5% alfalfa hay, 50% dry distillers grains and 60% wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) with the remaining percentage as WDGS (DM basis). For storage in bunker silos, the recommended levels are 40% grass hay, 30% wheat straw and 30% cornstalks.

Use Of Dried Distiller’S Grains To Extend Range Capacity, Kristin H. Gustad, Leslie Aaron Stalker, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Walter H. Schacht, Don C. Adams, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Jerry D. Volesky

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

At the University of Nebraska Gudmundsen Sandhills Lab for 60 days from mid-June to mid-August for 2 years (2005 and 2006), 24 paddocks were randomly assigned to one of three treatments. Treatments were control (CON) at the recommended stocking rate and no supplementation, double stocked (2X) or double stocked with 5 lb of DDGS daily (SUP). There was no difference in ADG between the CON and 2X calves; however, SUP calves gained more than the unsupplemented groups. Forage use was not different between SUP (58%) and 2X (62%); however, use was lower for CON group (36%). Distillers dried grains supplementation …

The Effects Of Supplementing Wet Distillers Grains Mixed With Wheat Straw To Growing Steers, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Terry J. Klopfenstein, William A. Griffin, Matt K. Luebbe

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A growing study compared feeding wet distillers grains, dried distillers grains, and a mix of 66% wet distillers grains and 33% wheat straw as supplements to a forage-based diet. Steers were supplemented 0, 2, 4, or 6 lb distillers grains/head daily. Wet distillers grains and dried distillers grains produced higher final body weight and dry matter intake compared to the mix. Increasing levels of distillers grains increased performance in forage based diets and wet grains mixed with straw reduced forage intake.

Frontmatter And Contents

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Appreciation is also expressed to the following Research Technicians, Unit Managers, and Crew involved in the Research Programs at our various locations.

Agricultural Research & Development Center, Ithaca:
Josh Benton
Jeff Bergman
Matt Greenquist
Rodney Lamb
Walker Luedtke
Allison Miller
Karl Moline
Mark Nelson
Chuck Rezac
Ken Rezac
Mark Schroeder
Matt Sillivan
Andrea Schwarz
Doug Watson

Animal Science Department, Lincoln:
Crystal Buckner
Deb Clopton
Ruth Diedrichsen
Jeryl Hauptman
Blaine Jenschke
Tommi Jones
Matt Luebbe
Nathan Meyer
Clyde Naber
Calvin Schrock

Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory, Whitman:
Andy Applegarth
Jay Holthus
Jackie Musgrave
John Nollette
Ryan Sexson

Panhandle Research & Extension Center, Scottsbluff: …

Influence Of Corn Hybrid And Processing Method On Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics, Flint W. Harrelson, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Wayne A. Fithian

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Five commercially available corn hybrids were evaluated for finishing cattle performance and carcass characteristics when fed as high-moisture (HMC) or dry-rolled corn (DRC). No significant interactions were observed between hybrid and processing method. Corn hybrid had no significant impact on ADG or DMI, but did have a minor influence on F:G. However, these data suggested that processing as HMC-method had a greater effect on cattle performance than hybrid.

Influence Of Corn Hybrid And Processing Method On Ruminal And Intestinal Digestion, Flint W. Harrelson, Nathan F. Meyer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Wayne A. Fithian

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Using the mobile bag technique, five commercially available corn hybrids harvested as either dry-rolled or high-moisture corn were evaluated for site and extent of DM and starch digestion. Total-tract DM digestibility was improved 7 to 16 percentage units, and total-tract starch digestibility was improved 9 to 18 percentage units among hybrids when processed as high-moisture corn compared to dry-rolled corn. The results of this trial suggest that hybrid and processing method interact and can influence DM and starch digestibility.

Modeling Daily Water Intake In Cattle Finished In Feedlots, Rodrigo A. Arias, Terry L. Mader

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Simple regression and multiple regression analyses were conducted to estimate factors affecting daily water intake(DWI) of finishing cattle. Seasonal simple linear regression equations were very poor predicting DWI (r² < 0.15). Best results were obtained with the overall simple regression. The multiple regression analysis showed that daily minimum temperature (or THI), solar radiation, and dry matter intake were the most important factors affecting DWI in cattle finished in feedyards. The following prediction equation was developed: daily water intake, gal*d^-1 = -0.52677+ (0.1229 *DMI, lb*d^-1) + (0.01137*solar radiation, kcal*d^-1) + (0.06529*daily minimum temperature, °F).

Sorting Steers By Weight Into Calf-Fed, Summer Yearlings And Fall Yearling Feeding Systems, Daniel R. Adams, Matt K. Luebbe, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Sorting steers into one of three different feeding periods — calf-feds, summer yearlings, and fall yearlings — resulted in no differences in performance or average carcass characteristics. Sorting decreased the amount of variation in hot carcass weight and carcasses over 950 lbs.

The Effect Of Delaying Initial Feedlot Implant On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Calf-Fed Steers, William A. Griffin, Don C. Adams, Richard N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Steers in two, 2-year experiments (n = 409) were either given an implant at feedlot arrival or implanted 30 days after feedlot entry. In Experiment 1, steer calves were not implanted at branding and in Experiment 2 calves were implanted at branding. There was no difference in feedlot performance for either experiment. However, in Experiment 1 there was a year by treatment interaction for marbling score suggesting that delaying implant in calves may affect quality grade.

Effect Of Excede® Administered To Calves At Arrival In The Feedlot On Performance And Respiratory Disease, Joshua R. Benton, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, David R. Smith, Gary E. Sides, Lonty Bryant

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

In a clinical trial where cattle were either given Excede® or not on arrival, ADG increased and F:G was numerically improved for cattle that received Excede compared to control cattle. There were no differences between initial or final BW, or DMI observed during the receiving period due to the administration of Excede. The incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) for the 32 days of the study was 4.4% for cattle that received Excede at arrival and was different compared to the control cattle which was 12.2%. The correlation (-0.157) between DMI and morbidity observed in this study was not significant. …