Animal Sciences Commons^™

Characteristics Of Beef Finished On Wet Distillers Grains With Varying Types And Levels Of Roughage, Blaine E. Jenschke, Joshua R. Benton, Chris R. Calkins, Timothy P. Carr, Kent M. Eskridge, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Beef knuckles (n = 160) were obtained from source-verified cattle finished on 30% wet distillers grains plus solubles enriched with varying levels of alfalfa hay, corn silage, or corn stalks based on NDF. Our objectives were to determine if roughage inclusion, in conjunction with wet distillers grains plus solubles and cattle location affects beef flavor. Data from this study indicate type and level of roughage inclusion and cattle location have minimal effects on fatty acid profiles and sensory properties of the M. Rectus femoris. However, individual fatty acids of subcutaneous and intramuscular fat were significantly correlated with liver-like off flavor.

Influence Of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains On Fatty Acid Composition Of Beef, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Blaine E. Jenschke, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Ribeye slices (M. Longissimus thoracis) were obtained from 94 calf-fed, crossbred steers. Animals were randomly allocated into three groups and finished for 133 days with corn-based diets and varying levels of wet distillers grains plus solubles (0%, 15% or 30%, DM Basis). No treatment differences were found for total lipid, unsaturated, and saturated fatty acids. However, values of 18:2 9t,12t, total polyunsaturated fatty acids, total amount of trans fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and the omega 6:omega 3 ratio were elevated. It appears that wet distillers grains plus solubles finishing diets alters the fatty acid profile of beef.

Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Affect Lipid Oxidation And Objective Color Of Beef Steaks, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Blaine E. Jenschke, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Strip loins (M. Longissimus lum¬borum), tenderloins (M. Psoas major) and top blades (M. Infraspinatus) from 48 calf-fed, crossbred steer carcasses, were used to test the effects of wet distillers grains plus solubles finishing diets on beef shelf life. After 7-day display, inclusion of wet distillers grains plus solubles in the diet caused higher levels of oxidation on top blades and strip loins and negative effects on color of top blade and tenderloin steaks after 3 days of retail display.

Effects Of Wet Distillers Grains Finishing Diets On Fat Content And Marbling Score In Steers, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Ninety-four, calf-fed, crossbred steers were randomly allocated to three finishing diets consisting of different amounts of wet distillers grains plus solubles (0%, 15% or 30%, DM basis). Steers were fed for 133 days to test the relationship between marbling score and fat content, as well as effects on marbling texture and marbling distribution. Results of this research suggest that feeding up to 30% of wet distillers grains plus solubles has no detrimental effects on marbling in beef.

Evaluation Of Methods For Dry Matter Determination Of Ethanol Byproducts, Mallorie F. Wilken, Galen E. Erickson, Joshua R. Benton, Crystal D. Buckner, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kip Karges, Matt Gibson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Traditional wet distillers grains plus solubles, modified distillers grains, Dakota Bran Cake, and distillers solubles were sampled and replicates tested using oven drying (n = 8) at 105°C and 60°C, vacuum oven drying (n = 3) and toluene distillation process (n = 8). Two replicates were evaluated using Karl Fischer titration. Oven drying was compared to toluene distillation as the standard. Oven drying at 60°C for 24 hours resulted in the same DM (P > 0.10) as toluene distillation for wet byproducts.

Ruminal Methane Production Following The Replacement Of Dietary Corn With Dried Distillers Grains, Eric J. Behlke, Tim G. Sanderson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jess L. Miner

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Methane production was measured following the replacement of corn with DDGS in vitro and also after the simultaneous replacement of corn and corn oil with DDGS (for 30% of the diet) in vivo. In vitro substitution of corn with DDGS increased the amount of methane produced per milligram of DM digested. Likewise, in vivo methane production was increased by 44% when corn and corn oil were replaced with DDGS. The greater energy value of DDGS relative to corn in a concentrate-based diet is not due to decreased methanogenesis.

Microbial Characteristics, Microbial Nitrogen Flow, And Urinary Purine Derivative Excretion In Steers Fed At Two Levels Of Feed Intake, Grant I. Crawford, Matt K. Luebbe, Joshua R. Benton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Ruminally and duodenally fistulated Holstein steers were fed at 40% and 85% of ad-libitum intake. Microbial purine:N ratio did not differ between intake levels, which makes estimating microbial protein easier in production or experimental settings. Urinary purine derivatives (PD):creatinine (PD:C) ratio and microbial CP flow estimated from the duodenum increased with the higher feeding level. Urinary PD:C and duodenal purine flow were related, suggesting that urinary PD:C ratio can be used to estimate relative differences in microbial CP flow.

Predicting Aged Beef Tenderness With A Hyperspectral Imaging System, Lauren M. Grimes, Govindarajan Konda Naganathan, Jeyamkondan Subbiah, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A hyperspectral imaging apparatus was developed to predict, at 2-day postmortem, the 14 day aged tenderness of beef. USDA Choice and Select grade longissimus steaks (n = 314) from between the 12th and 13th ribs were scanned at 2 days postmortem, vacuum packaged, aged to 14 days, and frozen. For tenderness determination, steaks were thawed overnight, scanned, cooked in an impingement oven, and slice shear force values were obtained. The model predicted three tenderness categories (tender, intermediate, tough) with 77.1% accuracy, and two tenderness categories (acceptable, tough) with 93.7% accuracy. This hyperspectral imaging system was effective in predicting 14-day aged …

Statistics Used In The Nebraska Beef Report And Their Purpose

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The purpose of beef cattle and beef product research at UNL is to provide reference information that represents the various populations (cows, calves, heifers, feeders, carcasses, retail products, etc.) of beef production. Obviously, the researcher cannot apply treatments to every member of a population; therefore, he or she must sample the population. The use of statistics allows the researcher and readers of the Nebraska Beef Report the opportunity to evaluate separation of random (chance) occurrences and real biological effects of a treatment. Following is a brief description of the major statistics used in the beef report. For a more detailed …

Oral Dosage With NutrocalTm (Calcium Propionate) To Enhance Beef Tenderness, Dana Hanson, Chris R. Calkins, Johnny Horton

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Oral dosage of market-weight beef steers with NutroCAL™(a source of calcium propionate) tends to increase strip loin calcium and enhance tenderness after a 14 to 21 day aging period. No responses were observed in the eye of round or the chuck tender. The time course for serum and muscle calcium response appears to be highly variable and different from calcium chloride drenching.

Meta-Analysis Of Unl Feedlot Trials Replacing Corn With Wdgs, Virgil R. Bremer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A meta-analysis of UNL feedlot trials replacing dry-rolled or high-moisture corn with wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) indicated WDGS fed between 15% to 40% of diet DM was 130% the feeding value of corn. Feed: Gain, ADG, marbling score, and fat thickness responded quadratically as WDGS inclusion increased. In most cases, performance and carcass characteristics improved up to 30% to 40%, then gradually decreased. Feeding WDGS up to 40% of diet DM improved performance and quality grade.

Price Discovery In North And West Central Nebraska Livestock Auction Markets, Matthew C. Stockton, Roger K. Wilson, Leslie Aaron Stalker

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Price data from west central Nebraska livestock auction markets were used to determine the price discovery and information flow patterns between weight-gender cattle classes using time series analysis and directed acyclical graphs (DAG). Results indicated steers weighing 400-600 lb were the point of price discovery; the price change of each weight of steers impacted the price of the next heavier class of steers. Price movements for 600-700 lb heifers impacted prices of many other weight/gender classes including the price of heavier heifers and steers.

Engineer Cantonment, Missouri Territory, 1819-1820: America's First Biodiversity Ineventory, Hugh H. Genoways, Brett C. Ratcliffe

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

It is our thesis that members of the Stephen Long Expedition of 1819-20 completed the first biodiversity inventory undertaken in the United States at their winter quarters, Engineer Cantonment, Missouri Territory, in the modern state of Nebraska. This accomplishment has been overlooked both by biologists and historians, but it should rank among the most significant accomplishments of the expedition. The results of this inventory allow us to evaluate the environmental, faunal, and floral changes along the Missouri River in the intervening nearly 190 years. The historical records form a visual image of a dynamic riverine system in which a highly …

Historic And Recent Distributions Of Elk In Nebraska, Kent A. Fricke, Michael A. Cover, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Scott R. Groepper, Hugh H. Genoways, Kit M. Hams, Kurt C. Vercauteren

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Elk (Cervus elaphus) were historically found throughout North America but were extirpated from Nebraska and much of the Great Plains in the 1880s due to consumptive uses by settlers, miners, market hunters, and others. Elk began to reappear in Nebraska in the 1950s and 1960s, and established a stable, nonmigratory population that currently consists of seven herds and an estimated 1,400 individuals throughout western and central Nebraska. The reappearance and subsequent persistence of elk in Nebraska suggests there is adequate habitat to support a self-sustaining population. The general movement of elk eastward may lead to an eventual statewide …

A Proposed Role For Vegf Isoforms In Sex-Specific Vasculature Development In The Gonad, Rebecca Bott, Debra T. Clopton, Andrea S. Cupp

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Many scientists have expended efforts to determine what regulates development of an indifferent gonad into either a testis or ovary. Expression of Sry and upregulation of Sox9 are factors that initiate formation of the testis-specific pathway to allow for both sex-specific vasculature and seminiferous cord formation. Migration of mesonephric precursors of peritubular myoid cells and endothelial cells into the differentiating testis is a critical step in formation of both of these structures. Furthermore, these events appear to be initiated downstream from Sry expression. Sertoli cell secretion of growth factors acts to attract these mesonephric cells. One hypothesis is that a …

Effect Of Supplemental Energy Source And Frequency On Growing Calf Performance, T. W. Loy, Terry Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, C. N. Macken, J. C. Macdonald

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Crossbred heifers (n = 120; 265 kg, SD = 37) were fed individually (84 d) to determine the effect of supplement type, concentration, and frequency on intake and performance and to estimate the energy value of dry distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) in a high-forage diet. Treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial, with 3 supplements, 2 concentrations, and 2 frequencies of supplementation. Supplements including dry-rolled corn (DRC), DRC with corn gluten meal (DRC + CGM), and DDGS were fed at 0.21% (LOW) or 0.81% (HIGH) of BW daily and were provided daily (DAILY) or 3 …

Tenderness, Sensory, And Color Attributes Of Two Muscles From The M. Quadriceps Femoris When Fabricated Using A Modified Hot-Boning Technique, B. E. Jenschke, B. J. Swedberg, Chris R. Calkins

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The M. quadriceps femoris from USDA Choice (n = 12) and USDA Select (n = 12) carcasses were fabricated traditionally (COLD) or innovatively (HOT), in which the seams it shares with the top round and bottom round were separated prerigor to evaluate positional and locational effects on Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), sensory attributes, and objective color. At slaughter, paired USDA Choice and USDA Select carcasses were alternately assigned either the HOT or COLD treatment. At 48 h postslaughter, subprimals were removed, vacuum-packaged, and aged for an additional 5 d. After aging, the M. quadriceps femoris was cut into 2.54-cm-thick steaks …

Effects Of Dark Storage And Retail Display On Beef Chunk And Round Muscles Enhanced With Ammonium Hydroxide, Salt, And Carbon Monoxide, A. E. Hamling, B. E. Jenschke, Chris R. Calkins

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine the retail shelf stability of beef chuck and round muscles enhanced with ammonium hydroxide, salt, and carbon monoxide. A split plot design was used for each of 3 muscles [triceps brachii (TB), biceps femoris (BF), and rectus femoris (RF)] with 2 treatments (0 and 20% pump), 3 dark storage periods (1, 2, and 3 wk), and 3 replications in the whole plot and retail display period as the split plot. There were a total of 12 subprimals per treatment per dark storage period (n = 72 each). Individual steaks were cut to …

The Effect Of Feeding Dried Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Milk Production And Excretion Of Urinary Purine Derivatives, B. N. Janicek, P. J. Kononoff, A. M. Gehman, P. H. Doane

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two studies were performed to evaluate the effects of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on the lactational performance of dairy cows. The intent of experiment 1 was to evaluate the effects of feeding increasing concentrations of DDGS on the feed intake and production of Holstein dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows averaging 76 ± 24 d in milk and 638 ± 68 kg of body weight were randomly assigned to one of five 4 × 4 Latin squares. During each of the 28-d periods, cows were offered 1 of 4 diets: 1) control, 0% DDGS, 2) 10% DDGS, 3) …

A New Heat Load Index For Feedlot Cattle, J. B. Gaughan, Terry L. Mader, S. M. Holt, A. Lisle

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The ability to predict the effects of extreme climatic variables on livestock is important in terms of welfare and performance. An index combining temperature and humidity (THI) has been used for more than 4 decades to assess heat stress in cattle. However, the THI does not include important climatic variables such as solar load and wind speed (WS, m/s). Likewise, it does not include management factors (the effect of shade) or animal factors (genotype differences). Over 8 summers, a total of 11,669 Bos taurus steers, 2,344 B. taurus crossbred steers, 2,142 B. taurus × Bos indicus steers, and 1,595 B. …

Evaluation And Application Of The Cpm Dairy Nutrition Model, L. O, Tedeschi, W. Chalupa, E. Janczewski, D. G. Fox, C. Sniffen, R. Munson, Paul J. Kononoff, R. Boston

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The Cornell-Penn-Miner (CPM) Dairy is an applied mathematical nutrition model that computes dairy cattle requirements and the supply of energy and nutrients based on characteristics of the animal, the environment and the physicochemical composition of the feeds under diverse production scenarios. The CPM Dairy was designed as a steady-state model to use rates of degradation of feed carbohydrate and protein and the rate of passage to estimate the extent of ruminal fermentation, microbial growth, and intestinal digestibility of carbohydrate and protein fractions in computing energy and protein post-rumen absorption, and the supply of metabolizable energy and protein to the animal. …

Effect Of Intensive Winter Management, Partial Season Grazing, And Sorting On Performance And Economics Of A Long Yearling Steer Production System, J. D. Folmer, W. A. Griffin, C. N. Macken, M. P. Blackford, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A 2-yr study (200 steers/yr) was conducted to evaluate effects of grazing management and sorting by BW at feedlot entry on performance and economics of yearling steers. At receiving, steers (247 ± 21 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 treatments: low (0.75 kg/d, NORM) or high (0.90 kg/d, INT) gains during backgrounding. After wintering, NORM and INT grazed native range for 128 and 78 d, respectively. At feedlot entry, steers were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 treatments: sorted by BW (25% heavy, 50% medium, or 25% light; SORT) or unsorted (UNSORT). Heavy, medium, light, and UNSORT steers …

Effect Of Feeding Das-59122-7 Corn Grain And Nontransgenic Corn Grain To Individually Fed Finishing Steers, T. J. Huls, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, K. J. Vander Pol, D. W. Rice, B. Smith, M. Hinds, F. Owens, M. Liebergesell

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An experiment was conducted to evaluate feeding transgenic corn containing the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from a Bacillus thuringiensis strain and the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (pat) gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes to finishing cattle compared with nontransgenic corn. Expression of the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes confers resistance to corn rootworms, and the pat gene confers tolerance to herbicides containing glufosinate-ammonium. Sixty crossbred steers (396 kg) were individually fed either transgenic corn (DAS-59122-7; 59122), a near-isogenic, nontransgenic control (Control), and a conventional, nontransgenic corn for 109 d to evaluate nutritional equivalency (20 steers/treatment). The corn was coarsely rolled (geometric mean diameter = 4,200 …

Dissection Of A Qtl Hotspot On Mouse Distal Chromosome 1 That Modulates Neurobehavioral Phenotypes And Gene Expression, Khyobeni Mozhui, Daniel C. Bastiaansen, Thomas Schikorski, Xusheng Wang, Lu Lu, Robert W. Williams

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A remarkably diverse set of traits maps to a region on mouse distal chromosome 1 (Chr 1) that corresponds to human Chr 1q21–q23. This region is highly enriched in quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control neural and behavioral phenotypes, including motor behavior, escape latency, emotionality, seizure susceptibility (Szs1), and responses to ethanol, caffeine, pentobarbital, and haloperidol. This region also controls the expression of a remarkably large number of genes, including genes that are associated with some of the classical traits that map to distal Chr 1 (e.g., seizure susceptibility). Here, we ask whether this QTL-rich region on Chr 1 …

Microarray Analysis Reveals Distinctive Signaling Between The Bed Nucleus Of The Stria Terminalis, Nucleus Accumbens, And Dorsal Striatum, Christopher M. Olsen, Yong Pandey, Shirlean Goodwin, Daniel C. Ciobanu, Lu Lu, Thomas R. Sutter, Danny G. Winder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Microarray analysis reveals distinctive signaling between the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus accumbens, and dorsal striatum. Physiol Genomics 32: 283–298, 2008. First published October 2, 2006; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00224.2006.—To identify distinct transcriptional patterns between the major subcortical dopamine targets commonly studied in addiction we studied differences in gene expression between the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and dorsal striatum (dStr) using microarray analysis. We first tested for differences in expression of genes encoding transcripts for common neurotransmitter systems as well as calcium binding proteins routinely used in neuroanatomical delineation of brain regions. This a priori …

Block And Bridle Annual, 2008

Block and Bridle Annual (1933–2021)

Table of Contents:

Letter from President
From the Department Head
Letter from Historian
2008 Block and Bridle Honoree: Jay Wolf
Animal Science Faculty
  Block & Bridle Members
Block & Bridle Officers
Block & Bridle Initiates
Block & Bridle Advisors
Block & Bridle Senior Tributes
2007 Honors Banquet
2007 Block & Bridle Awards
2007-2008 Calendar of Events
Treasurer’s Report
Initial Meeting Secretary's Report
Programs
Socials
Big Red Welcome
State Fair Beef Pit
Steak Fry
National Convention
Little AK-SAR-BEN
Little AK-SAR-BEN Winners
Kid’s Day
Big Red Beef Show
State FFA
Block & Bridle Honoree Trip
Livestock Judging Team
Meats Judging Team
MAEC …

Annual Review Of The World Pheasant Association 2007/2008, World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Chairman of Trustees' report, G. R.(Dick) Potts

Treasurer's report for the year ended April 30, 2008, Peter Bond

Welcome, Philip J. K. McGowan

Report from the European Conservation Breeding Group, John Corder

Specialist groups: Global networks of technical excellence

WPA around the world: Highlights from the chapters

The European Galliformes census, Siro Serena

The importance of making regular galliform census returns, Natalie Clark and Simon Mayes

Guidelines for the re-introduction of Galliformes for conservation purposes, Philip J. K. McGowan

Making the best use of our resources: planning for effective action, Philip J. K. McGowan

WPA's Fourth International Galliformes Symposium; held …

Chapter 2: Use Of Distillers Co-Products In Diets Fed To Beef Cattle, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, Virgil R. Bremer

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Consumers in the United States purchase 64 pounds of beef per year. That beef is considered “high quality” by international standards. In the distant past in the United States, beef was produced with forages, and it still is in most countries of the world today. Beef cattle are ruminants and therefore are able to convert grasses, hays, and crop residues into tasty, nutritious meat. Even today in the United States, about 80% to 90% of the feed required to produce “grain-fed” beef is forage. The U.S. beef produced today is “high quality” because the cattle are fed corn just prior …

Letter To The Editor, Rodger K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

I am a co-author of papers published in the Journal of Animal Science by Moeller et al. (2004) and Serenius et al. (2006) that report data from the National Pork Producers Council Maternal Line Evaluation project (MLE). In his letter to the editor, DeBuse (2007) claims that the authors of these papers misrepresented the line submitted by Newsham Hybrids (USA) Inc. (NH; Colorado Springs, CO) to the MLE. Below are the facts, as I know them, regarding the design and implementation of the MLE.

The MLE tested crossbred females that represented maternal lines available to producers. It was designed to …

Letter To The Editor

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This letter is in response to the Letter to the Editor by Neil DeBuse published in this issue of the Journal of Animal Science regarding journal paper “Design and standards for genetic evaluation of seedstock populations” (81:2409–2418, 2003). The NPPC Genetic Programs Committee (GPC) and the authors of this journal paper recognize Newsham Hybrids as a reputable genetics company and a credible source of information to the swine industry. As a result, we have no reason to doubt their initial pedigree information and stand by the evaluation of the original Newsham Hybrids entry that was made by the GPC at …