Animal Sciences Commons^™

A New Record For The Turkish Fauna: Lamellovertex Caelatus (Berlese, 1895) (Acari, Oribatida, Scutoverticidae), Nusret Ayyildiz, Sedat Per, Ayşe Toluk

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The characters and distribution of Lamellovertex caelatus (Berlese, 1895), which is a new record for the Turkish fauna, are given.

A Morphological Study On The Venom Apparatus Of Spider Larinioides Cornutus (Araneae, Araneidae), Külti̇ği̇n Çavuşoğlu, Abdullah Bayram, Meltem Maraş, Kürşat Çavuşoğlu, Tali̇p Kirindi

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The morphological structure of the venom apparatus of Larinioides cornutus was studied using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). The Venom glands are situated in the anterior cephalic part of the prosoma, and each gland consists of a long cylindrical part and an adjoining duct, which terminates at the tip of the cheliceral fang. Each chelicera consists of 2 parts: a stout basal part covered by hair, and a movable fang. There are parallel grooves on the dorsal surface of the fang. The ventral surface has hollows like saw teeth. A venom pore is situated on the subterminal part of the fang. …

Contributions To The Agromyzidae (Diptera) Fauna Of Turkey, Cafer Mart, Ayşe Özlem Tursun, Hasan Sungur Ci̇velek

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was carried out in 2003 and 2004 in Kahramanmaraş province. Specimens were collected once a week from Kahramanmaraş province, southern Turkey, from both cultured and non-cultured plants. Before this study, 80 leafminer species had been identified in Turkey. In this study Phytoliriomyza perpusilla (Meigen, 1830), Phytomyza fallaciosa Brischke, 1881 and Phytomyza fuscula Zetterstedt, 1838 are recorded as new for the Turkish leafminer fauna. Morphological descriptions, hosts and their general distributions are given.

Birds Of Lake Beyşehir (Isparta-Konya), Mehmet Ali̇ Tabur, Yusuf Ayvaz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Lakes Region contains wetlands important for Turkey's biodiversity. In this study conducted from October 2000 to September 2002 at Lake Beyşehir, 181 bird species were observed. Sixty-one residents, 43 winter migrants, 51 summer migrants, and 26 transit migrants were observed. According to the IUCN, Pelecanus crispus, Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Aythya nyroca, Haliaeetus albicilla and Falco naumanni are threatened and the other 176 species observed are not. According to the statistical data, Cuculiformes, Strigiformes and Caprimulgiformes were less common, while Passeriformes was the most common order in the study in terms of bird species. Among the other lakes in the Lakes …

Allozyme Variation In Spalax Leucodon Nordmann, 1840 (Rodentia: Spalacidae) In The Area Between Ankara And Beyşehir, Teoman Kankiliç, Ercüment Çolak, Reyhan Çolak, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Eighty-one specimens belonging to 3 populations of Spalax leucodon collected in the area between Ankara and Beyşehir were electrophoretically analyzed. Three enzyme systems, isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh), esterase (Est) and \alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (\alpha-Gpdh), were screened using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis, and 5 loci were determined. Three loci (Idh-1, Est-1, Est-3) were polymorphic, and 2 (Idh-2, \alpha-Gpdh) were monomorphic. Heterozygosity ranged from 0.1804 (in population A) to 0.2254 (in population K). Genetic divergency in 3 the populations resulted from the locus Idh-1 (F_{st} = 0.0372). The mean value of the fixation index in 3 the populations (F_{st} = 0.0266) reflected little genetic …

European Conference, Cynhadledd Ceiliog Y Rhos = 3rd International Black Grouse Conference (Llys Fasi Agricultural College, Ruthin, North Wales: March 20-25, 2005): Conference Review

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

The Countryside Council for Wales: The 2005 Black Grouse Conference, Roger Lovegrove

Spatially explicit modelling of black grouse (Tetrao tetrix L.) habitat quality evolution induced by green alder (Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) C. Koch) expansion on abandoned meadows in the northern French Alps, Samuel Decout, Philippe Delcros, and Jean-Jacques Brun

Factors affecting black grouse numbers: An overview of the part of predators [Short note], M. Loneux, Karl-Heinz Kolb, J.-C. Ruwet, and P. Poncin

Modelling the influence of climate on black grouse population dynamics in Lüneburger Heide (North Germany), Michèle Loneux, Manfred Lütkepohl, Jann Wübbenhorst, and James K. Lindsey

Modelling …

Real-Time Reverse Transcription Pcr For Detection And Quantitative Analysis Of Equine Influenza Virus, Michelle Quinlivan, Eugene Dempsey, Fergus Ryan, Sean Atkins, Ann Cullinane

Articles

Equine influenza is a cause of epizootic respiratory disease of the equine. The detection of equine influenza virus using real-time Light Cycler reverse transcription (RT)-PCR technology was evaluated over two influenza seasons with the analysis of 171 samples submitted for viral respiratory disease. Increased sensitivity was found in overall viral detection with this system compared to Directigen Flu A and virus isolation, which were 40% and 23%, respectively, that of the RT-PCR. The assay was also evaluated as a viable replacement for the more traditional methods of quantifying equine influenza virus, 50% egg infectious dose and 50% tissue culture infectious …

Performance Testing Studies And The Selection Of Hasmer, Hasak, Hasiv And Linmer Crossbreed Sheep Types: Ii. Pre-Weaning Growth, Mehmet Emi̇n Teki̇n, Mehmet Gürkan, Osman Karabulut, Hüseyi̇n Düzgün

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the pre-weaning growth of crossbreed types. Fifteen genotypes (F_1 and B_1) were obtained by crossbreeding in the Animal Research Institute in Konya from 1989 to 1996. These 15 genotypes were classified in 4 appropriate genotype names: Hasmer, Hasak, Hasiv and Linmer. GLM and Tukey's HSD tests were used for statistical analyses. Year, genotype, sex, birth type, and dam's age were introduced into the model as fixed factors and birth weight was introduced as a covariate along with year x genotype interaction. While the effects of year, dam's age, birth type, and sex on birth …

The Possibilities Of Twice-Yearly Lambing Of Awassi Sheep Ewes Without Using Hormones In An Organic Animal Production System, Ümi̇t Yavuzer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This goal of the present research was to determine the possibility of twice-yearly lambing in Awassi sheep. The research was appropriate in terms of ecological agriculture, animal breeding applications, and organic agricultural production with no impact on their health or behavior, or exposure to environmental conditions such as exogenous hormone applications. The research was carried out after the February 2001 lambing season. Rams were introduced to the ewe flock while the lambs were weaning. The sheep's giving birth in August 2001 indicated that they had become pregnant while the lambs were weaning. The fertility rate in the August 2001 birth …

Early Morphological Changes After Total Gastrectomy In The Rat Pancreas, Serpi̇l Ünver Saraydin, Emel Koptagel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Total gastrectomy is widely used as a major surgical treatment for gastric cancer. The aims of this study were to investigate the possible effects of total gastrectomy on pancreas morphology, and to determine the immunolocalisation of chromogranin A (Cg A) and synaptophysin (SYP) antigens, described as specific tumour markers for neuroendocrine tumours. Ten rats underwent total gastrectomy via oesophago-duodenostomy. After a month the rats were killed, and tissue samples were taken from the pancreas, processed for light microscopy and stained with haematoxylin-eosin. In addition, 5-7 µm thick paraffin embedded tissue sections were immunohistochemically stained with Cg A and SYP. The …

The Histochemical And Ultrastructural Structures Of Avian Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Fiber Types And Changes In Them Caused By Water Copper Level, Fati̇me Geyi̇koğlu, Özgen Vuraler, Aysel Temelli̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The histochemical and ultrastructural effects of water Cu on the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle of 120 newly hatched broilers were investigated in a 45-day experiment. Two doses of water Cu (250 mg Cu/kg water and 500 mg Cu/kg water) were given to the poults. Two distinct categories (IIIA and IIIB) of slow tonic fibers in the control groups were detected by enzyme reactions. The ultrastructure of the Z-line, mitochondrial content and sarcotubular content differed between the 2 fiber types. In the application of 250 mg Cu/kg water, the histochemical characteristics of the IIIB fibers were clearly different from those …

The Red Blood Cell Membrane Proteins In Rabbits With Experimental Ketosis, Sefa Çeli̇k, Hi̇lal Karagül

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study investigated the effects of experimentally induced ketosis on erythrocyte membrane proteins in rabbits by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The animals were allocated to 2 groups; ketosis and control. The experiment was lasted 13 days. Food was withheld for 5 days in the ketosis group, and then the animals were fed for 8 days. The control group was fed standard rabbit rations. Erythrocyte membrane proteins were isolated from the blood, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE using 10% (w/v) acrylamide monomer. Erythrocyte membrane proteins separated on the polyacrylamide gel were quantified by densitometry. Band 3 and actin on day …

The Results Of Phacofragmentation And Aspiration Surgery For Cataract Extraction In Dogs, Fatma Eser Özgenci̇l

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Cataract surgery was planned on 41 ERG positive eyes of 25 dogs of which 9 had unilateral and 16 had bilateral cataracts. Phacofragmentation and aspiration surgery was performed on 32 eyes of 20 dogs (and ECCE was performed on 4 eyes and ICCE was performed on 5 eyes of 5 dogs) of different breeds, sexes and ages. Vision restoration and complications were evaluated postoperatively in the short term (4 weeks). Mean age of the 20 dogs was 7.3 years. Stages of cataracts were classified as mature (n: 17), immature (n: 8) and intumescent (n: 7). While the mean phacoemulsification time …

The Prevalence Of Strongyle Infections And Persistent Efficacy Of Pyrantel Embonate, Ivermectin And Moxidectin In Turkish Horses, Veli̇ Yilgör Çirak, Ender Güleğen, Christian Bauer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Strongyle infection was detected in 68% of 320 horses from 9 farms in western Turkey. Egg counts per gram of faeces (EPG) were more than 950 in half of the animals. The persistent efficacy of 3 different anthelmintics to suppress cyathostome EPG was compared on a horse farm. One group of horses was treated with moxidectin on day 0, and the 2 other groups received pyrantel embonate or ivermectin on days 0 and 70. Pyrantel embonate reduced the EPG by >90% for 2 weeks; thereafter egg counts steadily increased. Ivermectin reduced the EPG by >98% for up to 6 weeks. …

Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Chemical Structure, Sources And Biological Properties, Rahi̇m Aydin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of geometrical and positional isomers of linoleic acid (C18:2, cis-9, cis-12). In contrast to linoleic acid, double bonds in CLA are usually located at positions 9 and 11 or 10 and 12 and each double bond can be either in the cis or trans configuration. Meat and dairy products from ruminant animals (such as milk, butter, yogurt and cheese) are the principal natural sources of CLA in the human diet. Egg and meat products from poultry contain less CLA than meat from ruminant animals (0.6 and 0.9 mg/g fat vs. 2.9 to 5.6 …

Gonadotrophin Concentrations In Sheep Plasma After Injections Of Gnrh With Or Without A Mixture Of Serine And Threonine, Hüseyi̇n Baki̇ Çi̇ftçi̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was designed to test the effect of Serine and Threonine mixture with or without a GnRH dose on plasma LH and FSH concentrations in naturally cycling ewes. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the ewes were intravenously injected by jugular vein twice at 11.00 am and 2.00 pm as Saline/Saline (S/S, control), Saline/GnRH (S/GnRH), Saline/Amino acids and GnRH (S/AA+GnRH); Amino acids/GnRH (AA/GnRH), Amino acids/Amino acids with GnRH (AA/AA+GnRH). Blood samples were collected at 15, 30 and 60 min intervals from 60 min before, until 360 min following the first injection. In the second experiment, control and …

Transrectal Ultrasonographic Examination Of The Urinary System In Holstein Cows, Savaş Öztürk, İbrahi̇m Demi̇rkan, Murat Ki̇bar, Ali̇ Bumi̇n, Selçuk Pekkaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, it was aimed to examine the urinary system and to determine normal ultrasonographic appearance by rectal ultrasonography in Holstein cows. The study material consisted of 20 bladders, 20 urethras, and 20 right and 20 left kidneys, in 20 Holstein cows. A portable ultrasonograph combined with a 6 MHz linear rectal probe (transducer) was used for the examination. Bladder lumen was determined as an anechoic structure in the ventral aspect of the rectum and its wall was hyperechoic. By moving the probe caudally, the anechoic structure of the urethra was monitored. Right and left kidneys were examined after …

Effects Of Teat Shape On Milk Yield And Milking Traits In Brown Swiss Cows, Muammer Ti̇lki̇, Mehmet Çolak, Şeref İnal, Tamer Çağlayan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Effects of teat measurement and teat shape on milking time, milk flow rate and milk yield in Brown Swiss cows were evaluated. The means of 305-day milk yield for cylindrical, funnel and bottle teat shape groups were 3156, 3169 and 2377 kg, respectively. The mean values for the milking time in 1^{st}2^{nd} and 3^{rd} milk yield groups were 6.54, 6.56 and 6.20 min and the differences were not statistically significant. Length and diameter of front and rear teats were negatively correlated with milk flow rate. Milk flow rate showed significant correlations with 305-day milk yield and milk yield per milking …

A Retrospective Study: Evaluation Of Patellar Luxation Cases In Cats, Oktay Düzgün

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Patellar luxation is an orthopedic disorder seen rarely in cats. In this study, patellar luxation was encountered in 8 of 7744 cats brought to the Department of Surgery of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of İstanbul University between the years of 1995-2001. The rate of patellar luxation was 0.10% of feline cases. The patellar luxation incidence in 5145 orthopedic lesions in cats was 0.15%. Clinical symptoms such as difficulty in walking, running with a hop and abnormal stance in the hindlimb were seen in patients diagnosed using skyline radiography technique. The aim of the present study was the clinical diagnosis and …

The Effects Of Two Chemo-Attractants And Different First Feeds On The Growth Performances Of African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) At Different Larval Stages, Erdal Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, 4 days old African catfish larvae were fed with trout starter diet, minced beef liver and fresh water mussel, dried tubifex, DL-alanine and betaine supplemented trout starter, artemia nauplii and a combined diet consisting of boiled chicken egg yolk, minced mussel and dried tubifex as the first feed after yolk absorption for a week. At the end of the first period, it was observed that DL-alanine and betaine supplementation did not improve the larval growth and survival compared to other feeds. In the second stage of this study, ten days old larvae of Clarias gariepinus were fed …

Some Quality Characteristics Of Pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) Eggs With Different Shell Colors, Kemal Kirikçi, Ayteki̇n Günlü, Mustafa Gari̇p

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, some external and internal quality characteristics of pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) eggs with white, blue, brown, or olive green shells were investigated. A total of 120 pheasant eggs including 9 white, 4 blue, 24 brown and 83 olive green eggs (collected in the same laying period and randomly) were used in this study. The values of egg weight, shape index, eggshell weight and shell membrane weight of the brown and the olive green eggs were found different from those of the blue and white color eggs (P < 0.05). Yolk and albumen weights of the white, blue, brown, and olive green eggs were found 9.03 and 16.28 g, 9.57 and 14.37 g, 10.72 and 17.96 g, 10.13 and 17.79 g, respectively (P < 0.05). The effect of eggshell colors on the yolk index, albumen index, shell thickness, membrane thickness, and Haugh Unit was found to be insignificant (P < 0.05). As a result of this study, the quality of brown and olive green eggs were better than blue and white eggs.

Immunohistochemical Distribution Of Desmin And Vimentin In The Skin Of Zavot Cattle, Şahi̇n Aslan, Hakan Kocamiş, Mümtaz Nazli, Nurhayat Gülmez

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The distribution patterns of desmin and vimentin were determined in Zavot cattle skin using standard immunohistochemical techniques. Skin samples were collected from the different regions of the bodies. Vimentin-immunoreactivity was observed in the cells of subepidermal region, in the myoepithelial cells surrounding sebaceous and sweat glands, in the fibroblast, smooth muscle, endothelial cells of vessels and some hair follicles. Desmin-immunoreactivity was dense in the smooth muscle of arrectores pilorum muscles and bulbus pilorum of the some hair follicles. Desmin and vimentin immunoreactivities were not different among the various regions of Zavot cattle skin.

Scanning Electron Microscopic (Sem) Examination Of The Incudomalleal (Im) Joint In Dogs, Gürsel Ortuğ, Cahi̇de Ortuğ, İsmai̇l Türkmenoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the normal incudomalleal (IM) joint surface of dogs was studied by SEM. The animals under the Ketamine + Xylazine (5/2 mg/kg. iv.) anesthesia, were perfused with 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution in 0.1 M sodium potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.2 via left ventricle. Middle ear ossicles were processed with routine histological procedures for SEM and examined under a Philips 505 type SEM. The articular surfaces of malleus and incus showed similar configuration and micromorphology. Characteristic appearance of the collagen fibers on the articular surfaces were not resolved at lower magnifications. On the other hand, at higher magnification, chondrocytes and …

Egg Weight, Shape Index And Hatching Weight And Interrelationships Among These Traits In Native Turkish Geese With Different Coloured Feathers, Mustafa Saatci, Turgut Kirmizibayrak, Ali̇ Riza Aksoy, Muammer Ti̇lki̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Egg weight, shape index and hatching weight and interrelationship among these three traits have been studied in native Turkish geese with different coloured feathers (black, white, piebald and yellow). Means of the four feather colours for egg weights were 147, 150.49, 142.95, 150.88 g, for shape index 67.01, 66.19, 66.68, 67.12% and for hatching weight 94.99, 98.41, 92.95, 97.40 g, respectively. Egg weight and hatching weight showed significant differences according to feather colour (P < 0.05) but this difference has not been observed in shape index (P > 0.05). Egg weight was significantly correlated with hatching weight (72%) and also significant regression was found between egg weight and hatching weight (r^{2} = 0.51).

Some Biological Characteristics Of The Tub Gurnard, Chelidonichthys Lucernus (Linnaeus, 1758) In The Sea Of Marmara, Lütfi̇ye Eryilmaz, Nuretti̇n Meri̇ç

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The biology of the tub gurnard, Chelidonichthys lucernus (Linnaeus, 1758), has been studied on data collected between November 1996 and November 1997 from the Sea of Marmara. Totally, 224 tub gurnards were sampled. The age, growth, length-weight relationship, condition factor, male to female ratio, first sexual maturity age, length and reproduction period were examined. The age composition of samples ranged between 1 and 6 years. Total length ranged between 12.3 and 41.5 cm, while weight varied from 15 to 617 g. The total length-weight relationship was estimated as W=0.0092L^{3.019}. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth equation were: L_{\infity} = …

Determination Of The Selectivity Of Monofilament Gillnets Used For Catching The Annular Sea Bream (Diplodus Annularis L., 1758) By Length-Girth Relationships In İzmir Bay (Aegean Sea), Uğur Özeki̇nci̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Annular sea bream (Diplodus annularis L., 1758) is one of the most abundant species among demersal fishes in the Aegean Sea. The object of this study was to determine the selectivity parameters of 52-54-56 mm stretched mesh size monofilament gillnets used for catching the annular sea bream in the İzmir Bay in the Eastern Aegean Sea. Selectivity curves were determined using Sechin method, which estimates probability of fish retention as a function of morphometric features of the body between head and maximum girth of fish. The estimated selectivity curves corresponded well with size frequencies obtained from each mesh size. The …

Comparison Of Development Patterns Of Imported And Native Bombus Terrestris L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies In The Mediterranean Coastal Region, Ayhan Gösteri̇t, Fehmi̇ Gürel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to compare the colony development patterns of native and commercially imported Bombus terrestris colonies, which were used in greenhouses for pollination in the Mediterranean coastal region. Total of 57 queens, 23 of which were collected from the field and 34 obtained from the commercial company, were used. 91% of the queens collected from the field and 82% of the queens obtained from the commercial company laid eggs. The colony foundation ratio of the queens was determined as approximately 57%. The colonies founded by the queens taken from the commercial company produced 60.8 ± 12.70 queens, …

Occurrence Of Vibrio And Other Pathogenic Bacteria In Mytilus Galloprovincialis And Venus Gallina Harvested From The Marmara Sea, İsmai̇l Yilmaz, Bi̇lal Bi̇lgi̇n, Bülent Öktem

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this research was to determine microbiological quality of the Mytilus galloprovincialis and Venus gallina harvested in the Marmara Sea (Gelibolu Region). The samples were examined for total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliform group bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The microbiological analysis showed 2.1 x 10^{4}-1.9 x 10^{6} cfu/g TAMB, 2.9 x 10^{2}-8.2x10^{3} cfu/g coliform group bacteria, 78-2.5 x 10^{2} cfu/g E. coli, 3.1 x 10^{2}-1.1 x 10^{3} cfu/g S. aureus for the Mytilus galloprovincialis - Venus gallina mussels samples respectively. Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were not detected …

Feeding Behaviour Of Awassi Sheep And Shami (Damascus) Goats, Mahmut Keski̇n, Ahmet Şahi̇n, Osman Bi̇çer, Sabri̇ Gül, Şerafetti̇n Kaya, Ayhan Sari, Meti̇n Duru

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Seven male Awassi sheep and 7 male Shami (Damascus) goats, one year old and fed with a diet having 2503 Kcal ME and 155 g crude protein kg^{-1}, were housed individually for 49 days to determine the feeding behaviour. Each animal within each species was one replicate and kept individually within 100 x 120 x 120 cm wood pen in indoor conditions with natural daylight and 11-18 °C room temperature. Twice a week, starting right after daily feed refreshment at 12.00, behavioural observations were made at 12.00, 16.00, 20.00, 24.00, 04.00 and 08.00 with 5-minute intervals by monitoring the animals. …

Seasonal Activity Of Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes In Goats In Burdur Region, Turkey, Şi̇nasi̇ Umur, Bayram Ali̇ Yukari

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the gastro-intestinal (GI) organs of 50 goats in Burdur region, Turkey, were investigated for the prevalence of GI nematodes and the seasonal activity of the parasites was examined. All the animals examined (100%) were found to be infected with GI nematodes. Twenty-two nematode species were identified and a total of 53,759 nematodes were collected from the infected goats. The number of parasites per goat ranged from 65 to 4811 (mean 1075.18), while the number of nematode species per animal ranged from 1 to 12 (mean 6.34). The most frequently detected nematodes in the goats were Ostertagia circumcincta …