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2000

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Articles 331 - 360 of 476

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Growth And Performance Of Broiler Chicks During The Starter And Grower Phases In Phase-Feeding, L. Niki Loupe, Jason L. Emmert Jan 2000

Growth And Performance Of Broiler Chicks During The Starter And Grower Phases In Phase-Feeding, L. Niki Loupe, Jason L. Emmert

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a nutrition program referred to as “phase-feeding” (PF) over the first 6 weeks posthatching. Diets were formulated using amino acid recommendations from the National Research Council (NRC) (1994) or from linear regression equations generated from best estimates of lysine (Lys), sulfur amino acid (SAA), and threonine (Thr) requirements. Regression equations were used to predict weekly Lys, SAA, and Thr requirements for use in a PF regimen that involved lowering amino acid levels following each respective week of the experiment, resulting in six diets fed over the 6-week period. Over the entire …

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Reproductive Behavior Of The Emu, Reema A. Persad, Douglas James, Nicholas B. Anthony Jan 2000

Reproductive Behavior Of The Emu, Reema A. Persad, Douglas James, Nicholas B. Anthony

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Members of a flock of male and female emus were observed in an ethological experiment designed to investigate trends in reproductive behavior exhibited during the North American mating season, which lasts from October to mid-March. Observations were made at dawn, noon, and dusk from December 1999 to mid-March 2000, and the only behaviors that were consistently expressed during these times were pecking, strutting, exclusive, and male and female sexual activities (defined in text). Though statistical significance was found between male strutting behavior and female sexual activity in the December observation period, no overall significance or significance at other observation periods …

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Abstracts From The Student Presentations Of The Arkansas Chapter Of Gamma Sigma Delta, Discovery Editors Jan 2000

Abstracts From The Student Presentations Of The Arkansas Chapter Of Gamma Sigma Delta, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 1 2000, Several Authors Jan 2000

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 1 2000, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Contents, Discovery Editors Jan 2000

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Feasibility Of Inducing Overlap Immunologic Competence In Gallinaceous Birds With Ascardia Dissimilis And A. Galli, Julie Hamilton, Thomas A. Yazwinski Jan 2000

Feasibility Of Inducing Overlap Immunologic Competence In Gallinaceous Birds With Ascardia Dissimilis And A. Galli, Julie Hamilton, Thomas A. Yazwinski

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Chickens and turkeys are routinely infected with the roundworms Ascaridia galli and A. dissimilis, respectively. The current study was conducted to gather basic information on these worms and to determine whether heterologous infections (chicken worms in turkeys and turkey worms in chickens) would be successful. Chickens and turkeys were obtained at day of hatch, brooded to 7 days of age, and placed in pens (25/pen) according to infection as received at 7 days of age: homologous, heterologous and control (no infection). Bird weights, mortalities, and feed efficiencies were monitored for 3 weeks postinfection, at which time all birds were killed …

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Livability Of Leghorn Balut Embryos Stored Under Varying Temperatures And Storage Times, Joyce Jong, F. Dustan Clark Jan 2000

Livability Of Leghorn Balut Embryos Stored Under Varying Temperatures And Storage Times, Joyce Jong, F. Dustan Clark

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Baluts are fertile chicken or duck eggs that have been incubated and removed from the incubator prior to hatching for consumption. Chicken eggs are incubated for 11 to 14 days and duck eggs are incubated for 16 to 20 days. Baluts have an extremely specialized consumer market, with the majority of its consumers of Filipino decent. Current U.S. Department of Agriculture regulations for the storage of baluts prior to sale is 7.2ºC, the same as for infertile commercial table eggs. Consumer preference is to purchase live baluts for consumption. Since exposure to 7.2ºC causes embryo mortality within 8 hours of …

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Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors Jan 2000

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Landscape Differences In The Ecology Of The Rufous Treecreeper Climacteris Rufa, Gary W. Luck Jan 2000

Landscape Differences In The Ecology Of The Rufous Treecreeper Climacteris Rufa, Gary W. Luck

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Anthropogenic habitat modification is a significant threat to the conservation or global biodiversity. The fragmentation and alteration of woodland habitat has resulted in the substantial decline of many woodland bird species in the agricultural regions of southern Australia. The Rufous Treecreeper Climacteris rufaa, a once common woodland resident, has declined in abundance in the wheatbelt of Western Australia and appears to be sensitive to habitat fragmentation. The reasons for this are unclear because our knowledge of the species and the threats posed by fragmentation arc limited. In this study, I compared the social organisation, habitat selection, reproductive success, dispersal and …

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Effect Of Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium And Potassium Levels In Seminal Plasma Of Holstein Bulls On Spermatological Characters, Seyfetti̇n Gür, Eşref Demi̇rci̇ Jan 2000

Effect Of Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium And Potassium Levels In Seminal Plasma Of Holstein Bulls On Spermatological Characters, Seyfetti̇n Gür, Eşref Demi̇rci̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the levels calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in the seminal plasma of bulls, semen volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration and the correlation between these parametres. Five Holstein bulls constituted the material of this study. Twenty ejaculates were collected from each bull and the spermatological characteristics of these ejaculates were determined. Then, seminal plasma was separated from 3ml semen from each ejaculate by centrifugation at 1500g for 20 min at 4 °C. Calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium concentrations in seminal plasma were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average values for calcium, magnesium, sodium and …

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Macrophyte-Dominated Clearwater State Of Lake Mogan, S. Levent Burnak, Meryem Bekli̇oğlu Jan 2000

Macrophyte-Dominated Clearwater State Of Lake Mogan, S. Levent Burnak, Meryem Bekli̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the water chemistry and zooplankton community of Lake Mogan studied between March 1997 and April 1998. Small-scale industries, crop-farming, urban settlement of the municipality of Gölbaşı with the untreated raw sewage effluent and recreational activities are examples of the human impact within the catchment and the lake, leading to high loading of DIN and TP into the lake via the inflows. However, the natural wetland with the dense reedbeds (Çölovası or ‚Çökek Bataklığı), located on the southern end of the lake, appear to act as a sink for these nutrients. Therefore, the in-lake concentartions of DIN and …

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Dietary Phosphorus Effects On Waste Management And Nutrient Balance In The Feedlot, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Daniel T. Walters Jan 2000

Dietary Phosphorus Effects On Waste Management And Nutrient Balance In The Feedlot, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Daniel T. Walters

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Four experiments were conducted, two with calves in the winter/spring and two with yearlings during the summer, to evaluate the effects of decreasing dietary phosphorus on nutrient balance in the feedlot. The control diets averaged .38% phosphorus, whereas the experimental diets were formulated to not exceed requirements (~.25%). Phosphorus excretion was reduced by feeding the lower phosphorus diet. Phosphorus removed in manure at cleaning was not different. However, when manure was corrected for soil phosphorus, phosphorus removal was decreased by 59% in the summer trials and 38% in the calf trials during the winter/spring by feeding the experimental diet.

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Effect Of Increasing Dietary Corn Silage On Performance, Digestibility And Nitrogen Mass Balance In The Feedlot, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Ryan Mass Jan 2000

Effect Of Increasing Dietary Corn Silage On Performance, Digestibility And Nitrogen Mass Balance In The Feedlot, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Ryan Mass

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three dietary corn silage levels (15, 30, and 45% of diet DM) were evaluated in corn finishing diets fed to calves through the winter/spring and yearlings during the summer to determine effects on performance and nitrogen mass balance in feedlot. Yearling gains decreased quadratically with increasing corn silage; however, N and OM removed in manure was greatest for the 30% silage treatment. Calf gains decreased linearly as silage increased; however, N and OM removed in manure was greatest for the 45% silage treatment. Increasing dietary corn silage resulted in decreased gains but did influence manure N with no effect on …

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Adding Value To Low-Quality Beef Muscles Through Glycolytic Inhibition In Pre-Rigor Muscle, Nancy Jerez, Chris R. Calkins, Jesus Velazco Jan 2000

Adding Value To Low-Quality Beef Muscles Through Glycolytic Inhibition In Pre-Rigor Muscle, Nancy Jerez, Chris R. Calkins, Jesus Velazco

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Pre-rigor Semimembranosus, Triceps brachii and Supraspinatus muscles were removed from 10 steers to determine effects of several glycolysis-inhibiting compounds on pH, tenderness and color. Muscles were injected and tumbled with 10% of sodium citrate, sodium fluoride, sodium acetate, or calcium chloride. Sodium citrate and sodium fluoride increased pH values in Semimembranosus, Triceps brachii and Supraspinatus. Tenderness improved in Triceps brachii and Supraspinatus with calcium chloride, sodium fluoride and sodium citrate when compared with controls. Color values were not different among treatments. Sodium citrate and sodium fluoride were successful in improving beef tenderness by maintaining a high pH in pre-rigor …

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Exporting Feedlot Manure To Off-Farm Users, Richard K. Koelsch, Keith Glewen, Tom Trewhitt, Daniel T. Walters Jan 2000

Exporting Feedlot Manure To Off-Farm Users, Richard K. Koelsch, Keith Glewen, Tom Trewhitt, Daniel T. Walters

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A survey of Nebraska feedlots suggests the majority of feedlots do not export manure to off-farm customers despite a common lack of land base (owned or managed by the feedlot) for using the nitrogen and phosphorus in manure. Only a small portion of the feedlots in Nebraska are actively marketing manure as a product with value by packaging agronomic and nuisance avoidance services with the manure in an effort to enhance its value. A separate survey of manure users suggests that the reason users purchase manure was for its crop nutrient value. However, many users were uncomfortable relying on the …

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Feed Program Impact On Land Requirements For Managing Manure Nutrients From A Feedlot, Richard K. Koelsch Jan 2000

Feed Program Impact On Land Requirements For Managing Manure Nutrients From A Feedlot, Richard K. Koelsch

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Using data from UNL feeding trials (1998 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. 86- 88) designed to compare the impact of protein and phosphorus intake on nutrient excretion, an estimate is made of the land requirement for manure application. A balanced diet formulated using the 1996 NRC was compared to other typical feed rations. The standard industry ration required an additional 100 and 400 acres of land to manage the additional manure nitrogen and phosphorus excreted, respectively, by a 1,000 head feedlot. A spreadsheet tool is introduced for estimating land requirements for manure produced by alternative feeding programs.

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Growth Implants For Heifers, Terry L. Mader Jan 2000

Growth Implants For Heifers, Terry L. Mader

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

In a 110-d experiment, feedlot heifers (mean initial weight = 820 lb) that received an estradiol benzoate (EB) + trenbolone acetate (TBA) implant, Synovex® Plus™, gained faster and more efficiently than sham-implanted (control) heifers. Heifers that received only TBA implants had lower intakes and lower quality grades than control heifers, but were more efficient in feed conversion than control and EB implanted heifers. On the basis of improved yield grade and larger ribeye areas, along with no increases in fatness, the combined use of EB and TBA provided for greater quantities of lean meat from higher priced cuts than did …

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Supplementing Metabolizable Protein To Yearling Heifers Grazing Winter Range, Trey Patterson, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Andy Applegarth Jan 2000

Supplementing Metabolizable Protein To Yearling Heifers Grazing Winter Range, Trey Patterson, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Andy Applegarth

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two experiments were conducted with pregnant yearling heifers grazing Sandhills winter range to evaluate response of supplementing to meet the metabolizable protein requirement of the heifers versus conventional supplementation based on crude protein. Supplements were fed from October to February (pre-calving) both years. Intake was measured in November, January and February of the first year. Supplementing to meet metabolizable protein requirement improved the heifers’ ability to maintain weight in year one, but not in year two. Heifer intakes ranged from 2.2% of BW in November to 1.5% in February. Feeding hay reduced body weight loss compared to no hay feeding …

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Evaluation Of The 1996 Beef Cattle Nrc Model Predictions Of Intake And Gain For Calves Fed Low Or Medium Energy Density Diets, Trey Patterson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Dennis R. Brink Jan 2000

Evaluation Of The 1996 Beef Cattle Nrc Model Predictions Of Intake And Gain For Calves Fed Low Or Medium Energy Density Diets, Trey Patterson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Dennis R. Brink

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Data from feeding 54 diets in seven previous beef cattle growing studies were used to evaluate the 1996 NRC model for the accuracy of intake and gain predictions. Calf weights and diets were inputs into the model, and actual intakes were used to calculate predicted gain and actual gains were used to calculate predicted intakes. The model over-predicted calf intakes on low quality diets and under-predicted intakes on high quality diets. The model over-predicted gains on high quality diets and under-predicted gains on low quality diets. The NRC model did not accurately predict performance of cattle on low quality roughage …

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Growth Curves Of Four Species Of Commercially Valuable Freshwater Mussels (Bivalva: Unionidae), Alan D. Christian, Chris L. Davidson, William R. Posey Ii, Peter J. Rust, Jerry L. Farris, John L. Harris, George L. Harp Jan 2000

Growth Curves Of Four Species Of Commercially Valuable Freshwater Mussels (Bivalva: Unionidae), Alan D. Christian, Chris L. Davidson, William R. Posey Ii, Peter J. Rust, Jerry L. Farris, John L. Harris, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

North American freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) have been exploited commercially for over 100 years and have been regulated using shell size limits and/or harvest seasons. Presently, freshwater mussels are considered a threatened faunal group in North America due to the large numbers of endangered, threatened or special concern species. Therefore, management of this fauna should emphasize their long-term sustainability. The objectives of this study were 1) to construct von Bertalanffy growth curves for selected "commercially-most-valuable" species, Fusconaia ebena, Megalonaias nervosa, Amblema plicata and Quadrula quadrula, from five rivers and two reservoirs, 2) to compare species-specific von Bertalanffy growth curves from …

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New Arkansas Records For Two Nonindigenous Fish Species, With A Summary Of Previous Introductions Of Nonnative Fishes In Arkansas, Thomas M. Buchanan, Jerry Smith, Diana Saul, Jeff Farwick, Tim Burnley, Mark Oliver, Ken Shirley Jan 2000

New Arkansas Records For Two Nonindigenous Fish Species, With A Summary Of Previous Introductions Of Nonnative Fishes In Arkansas, Thomas M. Buchanan, Jerry Smith, Diana Saul, Jeff Farwick, Tim Burnley, Mark Oliver, Ken Shirley

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Curly-Tail Malformity In Hatchlings Of The Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macroclemys Temminckii (Testudines: Chelydridae) In Arkansas, Malcolm L. Mccallum, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 2000

Curly-Tail Malformity In Hatchlings Of The Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macroclemys Temminckii (Testudines: Chelydridae) In Arkansas, Malcolm L. Mccallum, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Breeding Mortality In The Wood Frog, Rana Sylvatica (Anura: Ranidae), From Northcentral Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, Malcolm L. Mccallum, Michael E. Cartwright Jan 2000

Breeding Mortality In The Wood Frog, Rana Sylvatica (Anura: Ranidae), From Northcentral Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, Malcolm L. Mccallum, Michael E. Cartwright

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Home Ranges And Movements Of Adult Deer On Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, Gregory G. Humphreys, Thomas A. Nelson Jan 2000

Home Ranges And Movements Of Adult Deer On Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, Gregory G. Humphreys, Thomas A. Nelson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We radio-tracked 27 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) weekly for one year on Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, to investigate their seasonal home ranges and movements between hunted areas and refuges on this military base. This work resulted in2,123 separate radiolocations, of which 85% (1,799) were suitable for use in home range analyses. We used the McPAAL computer package to estimate home range using the Harmonic Mean and minimum convex polygon (MCP) methods. Harmonic mean estimates were based on 95% contour lines. Home range size differed between the sexes and methods. Male home ranges were larger than those of females (t= 3.32, P<0.01; harmonic mean) (t=2.07, P<0.05; MCP). Average home range sizes for males and females based on the harmonic mean method were estimated to be 483 ha and 181 ha, respectively, whereas home range estimates for males and females using the MCP method were 636 ha and 289 ha, respectively. The average home range size for all deer was 259 ha (harmonic mean) and 379 ha (MCP). We found no evidence that females restricted their home ranges during the fawning period. However, females' home ranges expanded during the breeding season, perhaps to find mates. Few deer moved to refuge areas that were off-limits to hunters during the hunting season.

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Winter Breeding As A Common Occurrence In The Ringed Salamander, Ambystoma Annulatum (Caudata: Ambystomatidae), In The Ozark National Forest Of Northcentral Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 2000

Winter Breeding As A Common Occurrence In The Ringed Salamander, Ambystoma Annulatum (Caudata: Ambystomatidae), In The Ozark National Forest Of Northcentral Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Occurrence Of A Second Subspecies Of Box Turtle (Terrapene Carolina), In Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Anthony Rocconi Jan 2000

Occurrence Of A Second Subspecies Of Box Turtle (Terrapene Carolina), In Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Anthony Rocconi

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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New Sheep Meat Breeds For Western Australia, Matthew Young Jan 2000

New Sheep Meat Breeds For Western Australia, Matthew Young

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The continuing decline in wool prices and the arrival of several new meat sheep breeds from South Africa are being seen as an opportunity for pastoral wool growers to diversify into sheep meat production, or to add value to their Merino flocks. Since the arrival of the Damara, Dorper and South African Meat Merino, the interest in these breeds has spread not only across the sheep areas of Western Australia, but also to many parts of Australia. Matthew Young reports on a number of demonstrations undertaken in recent years to assess the performance of these new breeds both on the …

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Ofda2000 Brings Major Changes For Wool Industry, Andrew Peterson Jan 2000

Ofda2000 Brings Major Changes For Wool Industry, Andrew Peterson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The classing of any wool clip into lines of uniform quality is a crucial step in optimising the value of the wool. Objective Clip Preparation (OCP) standards and training of wool classers lave led to the Australian wool clip being internationally recognised as the best classed and prepared wool in the world. However, adherence to OCP standards of clip preparation still leads to a substantial range in diameter and crimp frequency of fleeces within the main lines. Therefore, an opportunity has existed to develop improved technology to reduce the variation in quality within any main line, create lines of even …

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Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 1999, Zelpha B. Johnson, D. Wayne Kellogg Jan 2000

Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 1999, Zelpha B. Johnson, D. Wayne Kellogg

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

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A Diet Study Of Australia's Most Critically Endangered Mammal, Gilbert's Potoroo, Potorous Gilbertii (Marsupialia : Potoroidae), Vinh Nguyen Jan 2000

A Diet Study Of Australia's Most Critically Endangered Mammal, Gilbert's Potoroo, Potorous Gilbertii (Marsupialia : Potoroidae), Vinh Nguyen

Theses : Honours

After 125 years of presumed extinction, Gilbert's Potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) was rediscovered in 1994 in Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Albany. As only one population is known to exist, conservation is of prime importance. Faecal analysis was used to examine the diet of P. gilbertii. The species was found to be predominantly mycophagous (fungus-feeding) with invertebrate and plant matter fanning only a small part of its diet. Fungal material made up more than 90% of faecal matter throughout the year. A total of 44 fungal spore types were discerned. Of these, five were tentatively identified to species level with the …

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