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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

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Articles 421 - 450 of 538

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Occurrence Of The Plains Harvest Mouse, Reithrondontomys Montanus (Baird) In Arkansas, Douglas A. James, John A. Sealander, Jeffrey R. Short Jan 1979

Occurrence Of The Plains Harvest Mouse, Reithrondontomys Montanus (Baird) In Arkansas, Douglas A. James, John A. Sealander, Jeffrey R. Short

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Comparison Of The Lens Protein Profiles Of Three Species Of Ozark Salamanders, James M. Britton Jan 1979

Comparison Of The Lens Protein Profiles Of Three Species Of Ozark Salamanders, James M. Britton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The vertebrate lens has a high protein content (35%), 80-90% of which is composed of the soluble, lens-specific structural proteins, the crystallins. The lens protein profiles of urodelan species have been found to be qualitatively distinct. On this basis the lens proteins have been proposed as a measure of true speciation in urodelans. This paper is the result of our effort to derive a technique for comparison of lens protein profiles on a purely qualitative basis without utilizing the complex methodology employed by previous workers. With this object in mind, the lens protein profiles of Plethodon glutinosus, Ambystoma annulatum, and …

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Status Of The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker At The Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge In Arkansas, Douglas A. James, Fred L. Burnside Jr. Jan 1979

Status Of The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker At The Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge In Arkansas, Douglas A. James, Fred L. Burnside Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Red-cockaded Woodpecker is an endangered species that is endemic to mature pine forests of the southeastern United States. In Arkansas it presently occurs only in pinelands of the Ouachita Province and Gulf Coastal Plain. Cavity trees for nesting and roosting must be mature pines diseased with red-heart fungus. Due to recent forestry practices mature pine stands are disappearing thus reducing numbers of needed cavity trees. The Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Arkansas contains high densities of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers and because of favorable management priorities there the survival of the woodpecker seems assured. Populations of the species in other …

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Modifications And Improvements In The Formax Method Of Preparing Small Avian Study Specimens, Martin A. Floyd, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1979

Modifications And Improvements In The Formax Method Of Preparing Small Avian Study Specimens, Martin A. Floyd, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Three Species Of Trypethelium New To Arkansas, George T. Johnson Jan 1979

Three Species Of Trypethelium New To Arkansas, George T. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Electrophoretic Analysis Of Blood Serum Proteins In Three Species Of Water Snakes (Genus Nerodia), Phyllis J. Garnett Jan 1979

Electrophoretic Analysis Of Blood Serum Proteins In Three Species Of Water Snakes (Genus Nerodia), Phyllis J. Garnett

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Serum from three species of water snakes (Nerodia rhombifera, N. erythrogaster and N. fasciata) from one geographic region was analyzed electrophoretically on cellulose acetate, and anodic mobility and relative concentration of the fractions were determined by a recording densitometer with an automatic integrator. Classification of fractions was based on mobility (Rf, values), and for identification purposes, bands were labeled in order of decreasing mobility (albumin and alpha₁, alpha₂, alpha₃, beta₁, beta₂, gamma₁, and gamma₂ globulins). Seven fractions were identified in each species with alpha₃ being absent from N. rhombifera and N. erythrogaster, and only one gamma fraction was observed in …

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Genic Variation In White-Tailed Deer From Arkansas, Phyllis K. Price, Michael E. Cartwright, Mitchell J. Rogers Jan 1979

Genic Variation In White-Tailed Deer From Arkansas, Phyllis K. Price, Michael E. Cartwright, Mitchell J. Rogers

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Liver and kidney samples of 33 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) representing three populations in Arkansas were examined with horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Of 17 loci examined, only PGM-1 and ES-2 exhibited polymorphism. Average individual heterozygosity, ranging from 2.3% to 4.7% with a mean of 3.1 %, was much lower than that reported for white-tailed deer in other parts of its range. The three populations examined in this study were highly similar based on Rogers' genetic similarity coefficient.

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Age And Huddling As Determinants Of Metabolic Rate In Grasshopper Mice (Onychomys Leucogaster), Meredith Bailey, Dennis A. Baeyens, Lana Mann Jan 1979

Age And Huddling As Determinants Of Metabolic Rate In Grasshopper Mice (Onychomys Leucogaster), Meredith Bailey, Dennis A. Baeyens, Lana Mann

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The metabolic rates of grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) were determined every third day from birth to adulthood. Metabolic rates were quantitated by measuring oxygen consumption in an open circuit system. There was a rapid fall in oxygen consumption from the third day after birth until the ninth day. Mice which were housed separately assumed a constant metabolic rate at an earlier age than mice which were kept with litter-mates. The greatest increases in metabolism occurred when immature mice were separated from litter-mates for oxygen consumption determinations. It is concluded that huddling plays an important role in reducing the metabolic rate …

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Maturation And Fecundity Of Redear Sunfish, James C. Adams, Raj V. Kilambi Jan 1979

Maturation And Fecundity Of Redear Sunfish, James C. Adams, Raj V. Kilambi

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Based on gonosomatic indices and ovum diameter frequency distributions, the redear sunfish spawns from May through July. Fast growing 2-year-old (above 150 mm) and older fish attain sexual maturity. Mature ovum diameter ranged from 0.60 to 1.30 mm. Fecundity • total length, • total weight, and • age relationships were: 1nF = 5.95242 + 0.01967L (r²= 0.90), LnF = 8.80328 + 0.00594W (r²= 0.92), and 1nF = 8.19332 + 0.50231 A (r² =0.83), respectively.

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Seasonal Abundance And Habitat Distribution Of Birds In Northeastern Arkansas, Earl L. Hanebrink, Alan F. Posey Jan 1979

Seasonal Abundance And Habitat Distribution Of Birds In Northeastern Arkansas, Earl L. Hanebrink, Alan F. Posey

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Bird sighting records from 1964 through 1978 for 17 northeastern Arkansas counties were compiled according to the seasonal status, relative abundance and habitat distribution of each species. The five seasonal occurrence categories and their relative species composition were: transient visitant (46.6%), summer resident (20.3%), winter resident (14.8%), permanent resident (17.2%) and winter visitant (1.0%). The seven seasonal abundance categories and their relative species composition were: very rare (13.9%), rare 15.9%), uncommon (30.7%), fairly common (10.5%), common (25.6%), very common (1.7%) and abundant (1.7%). Eleven habitat categories were included: campestrian, abandoned fields, forest edge, lowland woods, upland woods, riparian woods, marshes, …

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Effect Of Turf Fungicides On Earthworms, J. H. Roark, J. L. Dale Jan 1979

Effect Of Turf Fungicides On Earthworms, J. H. Roark, J. L. Dale

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Numerous turf fungicides were tested under various conditions for possible deleterious effects upon the earthworm Eisenla foetida. Earthworms treated by immersion for one minute in 0.1% solutions of 10 different fungicides died insignificant numbers after benomyl and thiophanate methyl treatments. After 1% fungicide treatments, there was significant mortality from benomyl, ethazole, Kromad, and thiophanate methyl fungicides. With 2% fungicide solutions, significant numbers died after benomyl, cadmium succinate, ethazole, thiophanate methyl, and thiram treatments. Earthworms fed bermudagrass clippings treated with 10 different fungicides showed a significant decrease in longevity from clippings treated with benomyl, dinocap, ethazole, and thiophanate methyl. Earthworms reared …

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Status Of The Endangered Bats, Myotis Sodalis, M. Grisescens, And Plecotus Townsendii Ingens, In Arkansas, Michael J. Harvey, John J. Cassidy, Gary G. O'Hagan Jan 1979

Status Of The Endangered Bats, Myotis Sodalis, M. Grisescens, And Plecotus Townsendii Ingens, In Arkansas, Michael J. Harvey, John J. Cassidy, Gary G. O'Hagan

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Note On The Food Habits Of Selected Raptors From Northeastern Arkansas, Earl L. Hanebrink, Alan F. Posey, Keith B. Sutton Jan 1979

Note On The Food Habits Of Selected Raptors From Northeastern Arkansas, Earl L. Hanebrink, Alan F. Posey, Keith B. Sutton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Unusual Results From Pellet Analysis Of The American Barn Owl, Tyto Alba Pratincola (Bonaparte), Kenneth N. Paige, Chris T. Mcallister, C. Renn Tumlison Jan 1979

Unusual Results From Pellet Analysis Of The American Barn Owl, Tyto Alba Pratincola (Bonaparte), Kenneth N. Paige, Chris T. Mcallister, C. Renn Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Presence Of An Unusual Eosinophilic Staining Substance In The Blood Of Snakes, James J. Daly Sr., Charles H. Calhoun Jan 1978

Presence Of An Unusual Eosinophilic Staining Substance In The Blood Of Snakes, James J. Daly Sr., Charles H. Calhoun

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Loss Of Larval Fish By Epilimnial Discharge From Degray Lake, Arkansas, Thomas E. Moen, Michael R. Dewey Jan 1978

Loss Of Larval Fish By Epilimnial Discharge From Degray Lake, Arkansas, Thomas E. Moen, Michael R. Dewey

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Weekly samples of larval fish were collected from water discharged from the epilimnion of DeGray Lake into the tailwaters, for power generation, from April through August, 1976 and 1977. Peak rates of loss measured were 1.4 larvae/m³ in May, 1976 and 2.7/m³ in April, 1977. Sunfish, shad and crappie made up 97% of an estimated 83.3 million fish lost in 1976, and 98% of 122.4 million lost in 1977. The most critical period for larval fish loss extended from the last week of April to the first week of June. No definite relationships were noted between length of the power …

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Continuation Of Spider Research In Arkansas: Ouachita Mountain Area, Peggy Rae Dorris, Fred L. Burnside Jr. Feb 1977

Continuation Of Spider Research In Arkansas: Ouachita Mountain Area, Peggy Rae Dorris, Fred L. Burnside Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Addendum To "Fishes Of The Fourche River" In North Central Arkansas, Steve M. Bounds Feb 1977

Addendum To "Fishes Of The Fourche River" In North Central Arkansas, Steve M. Bounds

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Anomalies Of Limb Regeneration In The Adult Salamander, Ambystoma Annulatum, Henry E. Young Feb 1977

Anomalies Of Limb Regeneration In The Adult Salamander, Ambystoma Annulatum, Henry E. Young

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Regeneration in the adult salamander, Ambystoma annulatum, parallels that of the adult newt (Iten & Bryant, 1973). However, a number of unique features become apparent upon examination of anomalies of adult regenerates. Two regenerates which displayed gross abnormalities revealed, upon histological examination, unique features which give insight into a possible pattern of digit formation in this species of adult salamander. Normal regenerates show 4 or 5 digits radiating distal to the same respective number of bones (distal carpals) present in the distal row of wrist bones. The first anomaly showed only two large, fused distal carpals and two lateral digits. …

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Epidermal Ridge Formation During Limb Regeneration In The Adult Salamander, Ambystoma Annulatum, Henry E. Young Feb 1977

Epidermal Ridge Formation During Limb Regeneration In The Adult Salamander, Ambystoma Annulatum, Henry E. Young

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Regeneration was studied in the Ambystoma annulatum by the amputation of the right forearm of twenty-four adults, over a twelve month period. At the termination of the experiment the limbs were reamputated 1-2 mm proximal to the original amputation site. The regenerated portions were staged, examined at the gross morphological level, and prepared for histological examination. Gross examination revealed a thickened, ridge-like projection along the distal edge of all regenerating forelimbs at the Early Bud through Middle Palette Stages. Histological examination confirmed the existence of this structure as early as Wound Healing and continuing through Middle Palette to a pseudo-epidermal …

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Distribution, Habitat Notes, And The Status Of The Ironcolor Shiner, Notropis Chalybaeus Cope, In Arkansas, Henry W. Robison Jan 1977

Distribution, Habitat Notes, And The Status Of The Ironcolor Shiner, Notropis Chalybaeus Cope, In Arkansas, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Field work throughout Arkansas since 1971 and a search of museum records have yielded 35 collections of the iron color shiner, Notropis chalybaeus Cope (Cyprinidae), not previously documented in Arkansas. From these data the iron color shiner is considered to be confined to the Coastal Plain physiographic province of Arkansas below the Fall Line, becoming most abundant in the Ouachita and Red River drainages of southern Arkansas. Notes on habitat preference, species associates, and current status of N. chalybaeus within Arkansas are presented.

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Immunization Of Rats Against Mesocestoides Corti (Cestoda) By Subcutaneous Vaccination Of Living Tetrathyridia And By Passive Transfer With Serum, Jerry Y. Niederkorn Jan 1977

Immunization Of Rats Against Mesocestoides Corti (Cestoda) By Subcutaneous Vaccination Of Living Tetrathyridia And By Passive Transfer With Serum, Jerry Y. Niederkorn

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Laboratory rats were subcutaneously vaccinated with 100 live tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti (Cestoda) and subsequently intraperitoneally challenged with 50 tetrathyridia. Necropsy 30 days postinfection revealed that vaccinated rats harbored 97.4% fewer worms compared to control rats. In a second experiment, passive transfer of immunity was accomplished by immune serum from subcutaneously vaccinated rats. Rats receiving immune serum harbored 33.4% lighter worm burdens compared to normal serum recipients.

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Mosquitofish, Gambusia Affinis (Baird And Girard) Production In Extensive Polyculture System, Scott H. Newton, Andrew J. Merkowsky, Ambus J. Handcock, Max V. Miesch Jan 1977

Mosquitofish, Gambusia Affinis (Baird And Girard) Production In Extensive Polyculture System, Scott H. Newton, Andrew J. Merkowsky, Ambus J. Handcock, Max V. Miesch

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

During 1976, mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis Baird and Girard, were reared in combination with food and game fishes in 0.1 ha culture ponds at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff fisheries research facility. Mosquitofish production was 218 kg/ha, with 1683 fish per kilogram, in ponds that were also stocked with channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, bigmouth buffalo, Ictiobus cyprinellus Valenciennes, grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes. In another similar stocked pond, hybrid sunfish fingerlings depressed mosquitofish yield by 79%. No mosquitofish production was obtained in ponds stocked with 250 largemouth bass, Xficropterus salmoides Lacepede, fry …

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Attraction Of Aerial Insects As A Fish Food Supplement, Andrew J. Merkowsky, Ambus J. Handcock, Scott H. Newton Jan 1977

Attraction Of Aerial Insects As A Fish Food Supplement, Andrew J. Merkowsky, Ambus J. Handcock, Scott H. Newton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Insect populations over a 1.2 hectare southeast Arkansas livestock pond were sampled to consider the possibility of their use as a fish food supplement. A commercial insect attraction unit was suspended above the pond, and attracted insects were collected. Insect populations were sampled 3-4 nights each month, January-December, 1976. Insects collected were identified and analyses were performed to determine nutritional composition and pesticide content. Insect samples were variable, however, 62% of the insects identified were in the Order Diptera and 97% of these were in the Family Chironomidae. Nutritional analyses revealed insects were more than 60% crude protein. Pesticide analysis …

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Cave Fauna Of Arkansas: Vertebrate Taxa, V. Rick Mcdaniel, James E. Gardner Jan 1977

Cave Fauna Of Arkansas: Vertebrate Taxa, V. Rick Mcdaniel, James E. Gardner

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The second in a series of papers describing the fauna of Arkansas caves includes distributional records and ecological status (as a cavernicole) of 53 vertebrate taxa, including: 3 fishes, 7 salamanders, 6 frogs, 3 lizards, 7 snakes, one turtle, 3 birds, and 23 mammals. Several of the taxa occur on state lists of endangered species, but records accumulated during the past 5 years indicate the need for a reevaluation of the actual populational status of these organisms.

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Role Of Olfaction In "Taste-Aversion" To Ptc In Mice, Richard C. Lewis Jan 1977

Role Of Olfaction In "Taste-Aversion" To Ptc In Mice, Richard C. Lewis

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The objective of most taste research involving choice is to eliminate from the experiment all cues to the animal except those that are strictly gustatory. Among those potentially confounding cues, one of the most obvious is olfaction, although it often remains uncontrolled in taste experiments. The present report clearly demonstrates the role played by olfaction in a discrimination experiment with C57B1/6 and CFW mice as regards their response to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) when paired with water. The results have implications for conclusions drawn by other investigators who have attributed differences in PTC sensitivity in mice to taste alone.

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Growth, Mortality, Food Habits, And Fecundity Of The Buffalo River Smallmouth Bass, Raj V. Kilambi, Walter R. Robison, James C. Adams Jan 1977

Growth, Mortality, Food Habits, And Fecundity Of The Buffalo River Smallmouth Bass, Raj V. Kilambi, Walter R. Robison, James C. Adams

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Total length-scale radius, and length-weight relationships were determined for smallmouth bass from the Buffalo River. The back calculated lengths were used in analyzing the age-length data by the Bertalanffy growth formula. Asymptotic length and weight were estimated as 58.3 cm and 4.6 lbs, respectively. Annual mortality of 36 percent was estimated by the catch curve method. Insects (54%), fishes (16%), and crayfish (14%) were the abundant food organisms by frequency of occurrence; while fishes (64%) and crayfish (29%) were the dominant food items by the gravimetric method. Based on the gonosomatic indices and frequency distribution of ovum diameter measurements, smallmouth …

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Fishes Of The Eleven Point River Within Arkansas, Michael B. Johnson, John K. Beadles Jan 1977

Fishes Of The Eleven Point River Within Arkansas, Michael B. Johnson, John K. Beadles

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A survey of the fishes of the Eleven Point River and its tributaries was made between 31 January 1976 and 13 February 1977. Sixty-three collections, literature records and personal communications revealed 90 species distributed among 19 families. This study revealed 31 species previously not reported for this river system. The Eleven Point River is a clear, predominantly springfed Ozark stream which is located in western Randolph County. From the Arkansas-Missouri state line, the Eleven Point River flows south for approximately 64 km before joining the Spring River. Terrain in the Arkansas portion of this river is rugged as the river …

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Utilization Of Nest Boxes By The Southern Flying Squirrel, Glaucomys Volans, In Central Arkansas, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1977

Utilization Of Nest Boxes By The Southern Flying Squirrel, Glaucomys Volans, In Central Arkansas, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Thirty-five nest boxes were placed 4.5-5.5 meters above the ground in an eight acre mixed pine-hardwood plot 20 km SE of Bryant, Saline County, Arkansas. These boxes were monitored from February, 1972, to May, 1975. Flying squirrels used the boxes between October and May, probably returning to den trees during the hotter period of the year. A total of 30 squirrels (18 males and 12 females) were marked by ear notching during the three year period. The winter population of the study area was estimated to be between 10 and 15 squirrels. It was not uncommon to find eight or …

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Effects Of 2, 4, 5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid On Swiss-Webster Mice, Gerald S. Greer Jan 1977

Effects Of 2, 4, 5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid On Swiss-Webster Mice, Gerald S. Greer

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Pure and Commercial samples of the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5- T) were tested on Swiss-Webster mice for: (1) interruption of the estrus cycle and (2) teratogenic effects. The estrus cycle of mice administered Commercial 2,4,5-T was interrupted in 42.9% of the animals and in 12.5% of the animals given Pure 2,4,5-T. No fetal abnormalities were found in pregnant animals treated with Commercial or Pure 2,4,5-T. Fetal resorptions were found in both treatment groups. Treatment with Pure 2,4,5-T produced a significant decrease in viable fetal weight and increased fetal deaths.

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