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Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Evaluation Of Procedures To Predict Fat-Free Lean In Swine Carcasses, Rodger K. Johnson, E. P. Johnson, R. Goodwin, J. W. Mabry, R. K. Miller, O. W. Robison, H. Sellers, M. D. Tokach Jan 2004

Evaluation Of Procedures To Predict Fat-Free Lean In Swine Carcasses, Rodger K. Johnson, E. P. Johnson, R. Goodwin, J. W. Mabry, R. K. Miller, O. W. Robison, H. Sellers, M. D. Tokach

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objectives were to develop equations for predicting fat-free lean in swine carcasses and to estimate the prediction bias that was due to genetic group, sex, and dietary lysine level. Barrows and gilts (n = 1,024) from four projects conducted by the National Pork Board were evaluated by six procedures, and their carcass fat-free lean was determined. Pigs of 16 genetic groups were fed within weight groups one of four dietary regimens that differed by 0.45% in lysine content and slaughtered at weights between 89 and 163 kg. Variables in equations included carcass weight and measures of backfat depth and …

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Effects Of Food Quality On Growth And Carcass Composition In Lambs Of Two Breeds And Their Cross, R. M. Lewis, J. M. Macfarlane, G. Simm, G. C. Emmans Jan 2004

Effects Of Food Quality On Growth And Carcass Composition In Lambs Of Two Breeds And Their Cross, R. M. Lewis, J. M. Macfarlane, G. Simm, G. C. Emmans

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The effects offood quality, breed type and sex (ram and ewe) on Iamb growth and carcass composition, and their changes throughout growth, were measured. The three breed typeswereScottish Blackface (B; no. = 24), Suffolk (S; no. = 28) and their reciprocal crosses (X; no. 33). The lambs had free access to a nutritionally non-limiting food, H, or a bulky food, L. Each lamb was scanned using X-ray computed tomography to measure the weights offat, lean and bone in the carcass at three degrees of maturity (0·30, 0·45 and 0·65) in live weight. Live weight and food intake data were recorded …

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Exogenous Estrogen Boosts Circulating Estradiol Concentrations And Calcium Uptake By Duodenal Tissue In Heat-Stressed Hens, K.K. Hansen, M.M. Beck, S.E. Scheideler, Erin E. Blankenship Jan 2004

Exogenous Estrogen Boosts Circulating Estradiol Concentrations And Calcium Uptake By Duodenal Tissue In Heat-Stressed Hens, K.K. Hansen, M.M. Beck, S.E. Scheideler, Erin E. Blankenship

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

In the hen, heat stress (HS) disrupts shell calcification and reproductive processes, including hormone synthesis and egg production. Two studies were conducted to investigate palliative effects of exogenous estrogen or dietary vitamin D3 on Ca homeostasis and reproductive physiology during HS. Study 1: Hy-Line W36 hens were randomly assigned to thermoneutral (TN) or HS treatments and to 1 of 7 estrogen treatments: zero (control) or one Compudose 200 implant given 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, or 10 d before onset of HS. With no implant, HS reduced plasma estradiol (E2) and total Ca absorbed (CaT) by duodenal cells (P < 0.05). In TN hens with implants, plasma E2 tripled within 24 h (P < 0.05) and remained elevated (P < 0.05) through d 9. In HS hens with implants, plasma E2 rose 6-fold (P < 0.05) to equal TN+E2 concentrations and remained elevated through d 10. In TN and HS hens with implants, the rate of Ca absorption (CaTR) and CaT increased dramatically; the responses were quadratic and essentially identical. Study 2: Hy-Line W36 hens were provided diets formulated either according to NRC requirements (NRC, 1994), or with the addition of 22,000 IU/kg vitamin D3 (+VD hens). A 24-h HS episode was imposed 2 wk after initiation of the dietary regimen. Duodenal samples were collected for Ca absorption assays after the 24-h HS episode. Both CaTR and CaT in +VD hens were approximately 3-fold higher than in hens in the NVD group (P = 0.102). The results lead to the conclusion that exogenous estrogen, high levels of dietary vitamin D, or both, before a HS episode, are efficacious in alleviating at least some of the effects of HS and should be further investigated.

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Comparisons Of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, And Shorthorn Breeds For Weight, Weight Adjusted For Condition Score, Height, And Condition Score Of Cows, Jesus Arango, L. V. Cundiff, L. Dale Van Vleck Jan 2004

Comparisons Of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, And Shorthorn Breeds For Weight, Weight Adjusted For Condition Score, Height, And Condition Score Of Cows, Jesus Arango, L. V. Cundiff, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n &#;&#;12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n &#; 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center’s Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation …

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Covariance Functions And Random Regression Models For Cow Weight In Beef Cattle, Jesus Arango, L. V. Cundiff, L. Dale Van Vleck Jan 2004

Covariance Functions And Random Regression Models For Cow Weight In Beef Cattle, Jesus Arango, L. V. Cundiff, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Data from the first four cycles of the Germplasm Evaluation program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center were used to evaluate weights of Angus, Hereford, and F1 cows produced by crosses of 22 sire and 2 dam (Angus and Hereford) breeds. Four weights per year were available for cows from 2 through 8 yr of age (AY) with age in months (AM). Weights (n &#;&#;61,798) were analyzed with REML using covariance function-random regression models (CF-RRM), with regression on orthogonal (Legendre) polynomials of AM. Models included fixed regression on AM and effects of cow line, age in years, season of …

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Performance Of Mouse Lines Divergently Selected For Heat Loss When Exposed To Different Environmental Temperatures. Ii. Feed Intake, Growth, Fatness, And Body Organs, P. M. Kgwatalala, Merlyn K. Nielsen Jan 2004

Performance Of Mouse Lines Divergently Selected For Heat Loss When Exposed To Different Environmental Temperatures. Ii. Feed Intake, Growth, Fatness, And Body Organs, P. M. Kgwatalala, Merlyn K. Nielsen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Mouse populations differing in metabolic rate have been developed through selection for high (MH) and low (ML) heat loss, along with the unselected controls (MC). Objectives of the study were to compare the MH, ML, and MC lines for feed intake, growth, body fatness, and organ weights when reared at 12, 22, and 31°C, and investigate potential line × environment interactions. Feed intake was recorded weekly from 3 to 9 wk of age, and BW at 3, 6, and 9 wk of age. Body fat percent and organ weights were measured at 9 wk of age. No line × environment …

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Building Beef Cow Nutritional Programs With The 1996 Nrc Beef Cattle Requirements Model, G. P. Lardy, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, H. H. Patterson Jan 2004

Building Beef Cow Nutritional Programs With The 1996 Nrc Beef Cattle Requirements Model, G. P. Lardy, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, H. H. Patterson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Designing a sound cow-calf nutritional program requires knowledge of nutrient requirements, diet quality, and intake. Effectively using the NRC (1996) beef cattle requirements model (1996 NRC) also requires knowledge of dietary degradable intake protein (DIP) and microbial efficiency. Objectives of this paper are to 1) describe a framework in which 1996 NRC-applicable data can be generated, 2) describe seasonal changes in nutrients on native range, 3) use the 1996 NRC to predict nutrient balance for cattle grazing these forages, and 4) make recommendations for using the 1996 NRC for forage-fed cattle. Extrusa samples were collected over 2 yr on native …

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Phosphorus Fractionation In Manure From Swine Fed Traditional And Low-Phytate Corn Diets, Brian J. Wienhold, Phillip S. Miller Jan 2004

Phosphorus Fractionation In Manure From Swine Fed Traditional And Low-Phytate Corn Diets, Brian J. Wienhold, Phillip S. Miller

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Traditional corn (Zea mays L.) (TC), the primary grain used in swine (Sus scrofa) diets, stores a majority of its P as phytate, which is largely unavailable for digestion by nonruminant animals. Low- phytate corn (LPC) contains similar amounts of total P but a smaller percentage of P as phytate. When fed to swine, LPC increases P utilization and reduces P content of manure. While differences in P content between manure from animals fed TC and LPC diets have been documented, solubility and lability of manure P have not been compared. Manure P was characterized in manure …

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Fat Supplementation And Reproduction In Beef Females, Richard N. Funston Jan 2004

Fat Supplementation And Reproduction In Beef Females, Richard N. Funston

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Inadequate dietary energy intake and poor body condition can negatively affect reproductive function. Supplemental lipids have been used to increase energy density of the diet and may also have direct positive effects on reproduction in beef cattle. Several fatty acid sources have been studied as they relate to reproductive function. Common sources include sunflower, safflower, cottonseed, rice bran, soybeans, fishmeal, animal tallow, and calcium salts of fatty acids. Fats have been fed before and after calving, during the breeding season, and during heifer development. Response to fat has been investigated through measuring body weight and body condition score, age at …

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Comparison Of Brown Midrib-6 And -18 Forage Sorghum With Conventional Sorghum And Corn Silage In Diets Of Lactating Dairy Cows, A. L. Oliver, R. J. Grant, J. F. Pendersen, J. O'Rear Jan 2004

Comparison Of Brown Midrib-6 And -18 Forage Sorghum With Conventional Sorghum And Corn Silage In Diets Of Lactating Dairy Cows, A. L. Oliver, R. J. Grant, J. F. Pendersen, J. O'Rear

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Total mixed rations containing conventional forage sorghum, brown midrib (bmr)-6 forage sorghum, bmr- 18 forage sorghum, or corn silage were fed to Holstein dairy cows to determine the effect on lactation, ruminal fermentation, and total tract nutrient digestion. Sixteen multiparous cows (4 ruminally fistulated; 124 d in milk) were assigned to 1 of 4 diets in a replicated Latin square design with 4-wk periods (21-d adaptation and 7 d of collection). Diets consisted of 40% test silage, 10% alfalfa silage, and 50% concentrate mix (dry basis). Acid detergent lignin concentration was reduced by 21 and 13%, respectively, for the bmr-6 …

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National Pork Producers Council Maternal Line Genetic Evaluation: A Comparison Of Growth And Carcass Traits In Terminal Progeny, J. D. Cassady, O. W. Berg, Rodger K. Johnson, J. W. Mabry, L. L. Christian, M. D. Tokach, R. K. Miller, R. N. Goodwin Jan 2004

National Pork Producers Council Maternal Line Genetic Evaluation: A Comparison Of Growth And Carcass Traits In Terminal Progeny, J. D. Cassady, O. W. Berg, Rodger K. Johnson, J. W. Mabry, L. L. Christian, M. D. Tokach, R. K. Miller, R. N. Goodwin

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to compare growth and carcass traits of 1,252 progeny of six commercially available dam lines included in the National Pork Producers Council Maternal Line Evaluation Project. Lines compared included one maternal line supplied by each of American Diamond Swine Genetics (ADSG), Danbred NA (DB), two lines supplied by Monsanto Choice Genetics (DK and GPK347), Newsham Hybrids (NH), and Landrace × Large White females supplied by the National Swine Registry (NSR). All females were mated to DB, Duroc-Hampshire terminal sires. Traits analyzed were ADG from 56 to 115 kg live weight, days to 115 kg, …

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Effects Of Dry, Wet, And Rehydrated Corn Bran And Corn Processing Method In Beef Finishing Diets, C. N. Macken, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, C. T. Milton, Rick Stock Jan 2004

Effects Of Dry, Wet, And Rehydrated Corn Bran And Corn Processing Method In Beef Finishing Diets, C. N. Macken, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, C. T. Milton, Rick Stock

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two finishing trials were conducted to determine the effects of adding different types of corn bran, a component of corn gluten feed, on cattle performance. In Trial 1, 60 English crossbred yearling steers (283 ± 6.7 kg) were used in a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments. Treatments were diets with no corn bran, dry corn bran (86% DM), wet corn bran (37% DM), and rehydrated dry bran (37% DM). Bran was fed at 40% of dietary DM. All finishing diets had (DM basis) 9% corn steep liquor with distillers solubles, 7.5% alfalfa hay, 3% tallow, and 5% supplement. …

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Effect Of Organic Matter Addition To The Pen Surface And Pen Cleaning Frequency On Nitrogen Mass Balance In Open Feedlots, J. R. Adams, T. B. Farran, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, C. B. Wilson Jan 2004

Effect Of Organic Matter Addition To The Pen Surface And Pen Cleaning Frequency On Nitrogen Mass Balance In Open Feedlots, J. R. Adams, T. B. Farran, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, C. B. Wilson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three finishing trials were conducted to determine the effects of dietary manipulation and management on N losses from open feedlots. In each experiment, 96 steers were assigned randomly to 12 nutrient balance pens. In Trial 1, calves were fed for 180 d during the winter/spring months; in Trial 2, yearlings were fed for 132 d in the summer. In Trials 1 and 2, N losses from pens were compared directly by adding OM to the pen surface or indirectly by feeding digestible ingredients designed to increase OM excretion. The dietary treatment (BRAN) included 30% corn bran (DM basis) replacing dry-rolled …

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Effects Of Concentration And Composition Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed In Steam-Flaked Corn-Based Finishing Diets, C. N. Macken, Galen E. Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, Rick Stock Jan 2004

Effects Of Concentration And Composition Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed In Steam-Flaked Corn-Based Finishing Diets, C. N. Macken, Galen E. Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, Rick Stock

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two finishing experiments were conducted to determine the effects of concentration (Exp. 1) and composition of wet corn gluten feed (Exp. 2) in steam-flaked corn-based diets on feedlot steer performance. In Exp. 1, 192 English × Continental crossbred steer calves (299 ± 0.6 kg) were used in a completely randomized design with six dietary treatments (four pens per treatment). Treatments were six concentrations of wet corn gluten feed (Sweet Bran, Cargill Inc., Blair, NE; 0, 10, 20, 25, 30, and 35%) replacing steam-flaked corn (DM basis). All diets contained 10% corn silage, 5% supplement, and 3.5% tallow (DM basis). Gain …

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Evaluation Of Gene Expression In Pigs Selected For Enhanced Reproduction Using Differential Display Pcr And Human Microarrays: I. Ovarian Follicles, C. D. Gladney, G. R. Bertani, R. K. Johnson, Daniel Pomp Jan 2004

Evaluation Of Gene Expression In Pigs Selected For Enhanced Reproduction Using Differential Display Pcr And Human Microarrays: I. Ovarian Follicles, C. D. Gladney, G. R. Bertani, R. K. Johnson, Daniel Pomp

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Differential display PCR (ddPCR) and complementary DNA microarray analyses were used to evaluate gene expression differences in porcine ovarian follicles between a line of pigs selected for an index of ovulation rate and embryo survival (Line I) and its randomly selected control line (Line C). Follicles (4.0 to 7.0 mm) were dissected from ovaries of multiparous sows (n = 27) at either 2 or 4 d following PGF2α analog injection on d 12 to 14 of the estrous cycle. Using ddPCR, differentially expressed bands (n = 282) were excised from gels and 107 were sequenced, yielding 84 unique porcine …

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Evaluation Of Gene Expression In Pigs Selected For Enhanced Reproduction Using Differential Display Pcr: Ii. Anterior Pituitary, G. R. Bertani, C. D. Gladney, R. K. Johnson, Daniel Pomp Dec 2003

Evaluation Of Gene Expression In Pigs Selected For Enhanced Reproduction Using Differential Display Pcr: Ii. Anterior Pituitary, G. R. Bertani, C. D. Gladney, R. K. Johnson, Daniel Pomp

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes in the anterior pituitary (AP) of sows selected for enhanced reproductive phenotypes. Selection in the Index (I) line was based on an index of ovulation rate and embryo survival, whereas random selection was used in the Control (C) line. Average numbers of fully formed piglets at birth were 12.5 ± 1.5 and 9.9 ± 2.0 for Line I and C sows used in this study, respectively. In order to induce luteolysis and synchronize follicle development, sows were injected (i.m.) with 2 mL of prostaglandin F2α analog between d …

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The National Pork Producers Council Maternal Line National Genetic Evaluation Program: A Comparison Of Six Maternal Genetic Lines For Female Productivity Measures Over Four Parities, J. S. Moeller, R. K. Johnson, J. W. Mabry, T. J. Baas, O. W. Robison Dec 2003

The National Pork Producers Council Maternal Line National Genetic Evaluation Program: A Comparison Of Six Maternal Genetic Lines For Female Productivity Measures Over Four Parities, J. S. Moeller, R. K. Johnson, J. W. Mabry, T. J. Baas, O. W. Robison

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Litter (n = 8,424) and female performance records were collected in two breed-to-wean production units in order to evaluate genetic line differences for sow longevity and maternal performance over four parities. Lines evaluated were American Diamond Genetics, Danbred North America, Dekalb-Monsanto DK44, Dekalb-Monsanto GPK347, Newsham Hybrids, and National Swine Registry. Females within a line were derived from a minimum of 65 sires, 197 dams (three dams per sire), and a maximum of three daughters per dam, except in the GPK347, which were produced using semen from 12 Nebraska Index boars mated with Dekalb-Monsanto Line 34 females. All lines expressed 100% …

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Generation And Sequence Characterization Of A Normalized Cdna Library From Swine Ovarian Follicles, Alexandre R. Caetano, Rodger K. Johnson, Daniel Pomp Oct 2003

Generation And Sequence Characterization Of A Normalized Cdna Library From Swine Ovarian Follicles, Alexandre R. Caetano, Rodger K. Johnson, Daniel Pomp

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Ovulation rate is a major factor determining litter size in swine and is, therefore, a trait of economic importance to the pork industry. The dynamics of follicle development, which in turn are dictated by a balance between follicle recruitment, maturation, selection, and atresia, are a major determining factor of ovulation rate. The role of several genes expressed in the ovaries during these processes has been described, but studies utilizing large-scale genomic approaches have yet to be conducted to examine gene expression in this tissue more globally. We have developed a normalized cDNA library from swine ovarian follicles in various stages …

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Estimates Of Genetic Parameters And Selection Strategies To Improve The Economic Efficiency Of Postweaning Growth In Lambs, G. D. Snowder, L. Dale Van Vleck Oct 2003

Estimates Of Genetic Parameters And Selection Strategies To Improve The Economic Efficiency Of Postweaning Growth In Lambs, G. D. Snowder, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this study were to estimate (co)variance components for growth and feed efficiency measures, and to compare selection strategies to improve economic efficiency of gain. Variance components for pre- and postweaning growth, body weight, and measures of feed efficiency were estimated from data collected on 1,047 Targhee lambs over 7 yr. Approximately 21 d after weaning, lambs were group-fed for 4 wk, with ad libitum access to a diet of 37% whole barley grain and 63% pelleted alfalfa hay. Lambs were then individually fed for 6 wk. Lambs were then returned to group feeding for another 4-wk period. …

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Design And Standards For Genetic Evaluation Of Swine Seedstock Populations, T. J. Baas, R. N. Goodwin, L. L. Christian, R. K. Johnson, O. W. Robison, J. W. Mabry, K. Clark, M. Tokach, S. Henry, P. J. Berger Sep 2003

Design And Standards For Genetic Evaluation Of Swine Seedstock Populations, T. J. Baas, R. N. Goodwin, L. L. Christian, R. K. Johnson, O. W. Robison, J. W. Mabry, K. Clark, M. Tokach, S. Henry, P. J. Berger

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to describe a program for evaluation of seedstock populations in the swine industry. Differences among seedstock populations for economically important traits must be identified in order for pork producers to efficiently use available genetic resources. National genetic evaluation programs have the potential to identify the important differences among populations and to increase the rate of genetic improvement in a population. Program results provide performance benchmarks that stimulate testing and selection procedures by seedstock suppliers that further increase the rate of genetic improvement. A Terminal Sire Line Genetic Evaluation Program was designed and conducted in …

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Models With Nuclear, Cytoplasmic, And Environmental Effects For Production Traits Of Columbia Sheep, Kathryn J. Hanford, G. D. Snowder, L. Dale Van Vleck Jul 2003

Models With Nuclear, Cytoplasmic, And Environmental Effects For Production Traits Of Columbia Sheep, Kathryn J. Hanford, G. D. Snowder, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Statistical models (16) were compared for birth weight of 24,741 Columbia lambs recorded at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (USSES; 1950 to 1998). The goal was to estimate fractions of variance due to cytoplasmic line (c2; n = 590) and sire × cytoplasmic line interaction (sc2; n = 12,831) with other nuclear and environmental effects included in the model. The basic model included direct genetic (fractional variance, a2; n = 26,623), maternal genetic (m2, with direct-maternal correlation ram), and maternal permanent environmental (p2m ; n = 6,385) effects. The model with …

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Mapping Of Porcine Ests Obtained From The Anterior Pituitary, G. R. Bertani, R. K. Johnson, A. Robic, Daniel Pomp Apr 2003

Mapping Of Porcine Ests Obtained From The Anterior Pituitary, G. R. Bertani, R. K. Johnson, A. Robic, Daniel Pomp

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

We report the physical mapping of porcine expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from anterior pituitary clones isolated by differential display PCR in a study using lines selected for reproduction. These ESTs were mapped using a somatic cell hybrid panel (SCHP) and a radiation hybrid panel (IMpRH) as follows (SCHP position, nearest marker on the RH map): SPARCL1 (8q23–q27, SSP1); ATF4 (5p11–p15, AC02); MEF2C [2(1/2q21)– (1/2q22), SW2134]; FTH1 (2p14–p17, SWR783); FRAP1 (6q22–q23, SW1355); PBP (14, SW2508); LOC92004 [13q23-(1/2q41), CP]; and PGRMC1 [Xq22, SW1943]. All RH assignments were at LOD score >6.0 except for PGRMC1 at LOD score 5.4. ESTs TCP1 [12p11-(2/3p13)], SF3B1 …

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Estimates Of Genetic Parameters And Genetic Change For Reproduction, Weight, And Wool Characteristics Of Targhee Sheep, Kathryn J. Hanford, L. Dale Van Vleck, G. D. Snowder Feb 2003

Estimates Of Genetic Parameters And Genetic Change For Reproduction, Weight, And Wool Characteristics Of Targhee Sheep, Kathryn J. Hanford, L. Dale Van Vleck, G. D. Snowder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Genetic parameters from both single-trait and bivariate analyses for prolificacy, weight, and wool traits were estimated using REML with animal models for Targhee sheep from data collected from 1950 to 1998 at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID. Breeding values from both single-trait and seven-trait analyses calculated with the parameters estimated from the single-trait and bivariate analyses were compared across years of birth with respect to genetic trends. The numbers of observations were 38,625 for litter size at birth and litter size at weaning, 33,994 for birth weight, 32,715 for weaning weight, 36,807 for fleece weight and fleece grade, …

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Genetic Relationships Between Scrotal Circumference And Female Reproductive Traits, G. Martinez-Valezquez, K. E. Gregory, G. L. Bennett, L. Dale Van Vleck Jan 2003

Genetic Relationships Between Scrotal Circumference And Female Reproductive Traits, G. Martinez-Valezquez, K. E. Gregory, G. L. Bennett, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Records for yearling scrotal circumference (SC; n = 7,580), age at puberty in heifers (AP; n = 5,292), age at first calving (AFC; n = 4,835), and pregnancy, calving, or weaning status following the first breeding season (PR1, CR1, or WR1, respectively; n = 7,003) from 12 Bos taurus breeds collected at the Meat Animal Research Center (USDA) between 1978 and 1991 were used to estimate genetic parameters. Age at puberty (AP) was defined as age in days at first detected ovulatory estrus. Pregnancy (calving or weaning) status was scored as one for females conceiving (calving or weaning) given exposure …

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Models With Cytoplasmic Effects For Birth, Weaning, And Fleece Weights, And Litter Size At Birth For A Population Of Targhee Sheep, L. Dale Van Vleck, G. D. Snowder, Kathryn J. Hanford Jan 2003

Models With Cytoplasmic Effects For Birth, Weaning, And Fleece Weights, And Litter Size At Birth For A Population Of Targhee Sheep, L. Dale Van Vleck, G. D. Snowder, Kathryn J. Hanford

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Fifteen models were compared for the birth weight of 33,994 lambs recorded at the U.S. Sheep Experimental Station (1950 to 1998). The initial intent was to estimate fractions of variance due to cytoplasmic line (c2; n = 892) and sire by cytoplasmic line interaction (sc2; n = 17,557). The basic model included direct genetic (fractional variance, a2; n = 35,684), maternal genetic (m2, with correlation r-am), and maternal permanent environmental (p2; n = 8,418) effects. The model with sc2 was significantly better than the basic model with and without c2. When …

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Correlated Response In Placental Efficiency In Swine Selected For An Index Of Components Of Litter Size, H. Mesa, T. J. Safranski, R. K. Johnson, W. R. Lamberson Jan 2003

Correlated Response In Placental Efficiency In Swine Selected For An Index Of Components Of Litter Size, H. Mesa, T. J. Safranski, R. K. Johnson, W. R. Lamberson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate correlated response in placental efficiency to selection for components of litter size. Fourteen generations of selection had resulted in a difference between lines of three fully formed piglets at birth. Gilts from a line selected for an index of components of litter size (S, n =33) and a randomly selected control (C, n =27) were observed at farrowing. At delivery, the umbilical cord of each piglet was double tagged with identically numbered mouse ear tags to allow the piglet’s weight to be matched to the corresponding placental weight. Litter size, placental weight, …

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Growth And Carcass Characteristics In Wether Lambs Of A Crossbred Dam Line, A. M. Van Heelsum, R. M. Lewis, M. H. Davies, W. Haresign Jan 2003

Growth And Carcass Characteristics In Wether Lambs Of A Crossbred Dam Line, A. M. Van Heelsum, R. M. Lewis, M. H. Davies, W. Haresign

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

While crossing of specialized sire and dam breeds can be biologically efficient overall, a by-product is produced in the form of (crossbred) males of the dam line that are unwanted for breeding. In the UK sheep indusiru, most commercial females are first crosses between males of 'longwool' crossing sire breeds, predominantly the Biuefaced Leicester, and females of hill breeds. Genetic improvement of carcass quality in longwool breeds would benefit the surplus F1males as well asfilter through to tile terminal sire cross lambs produced by the F1ewes. As afirst step, this paper aims to describe thegrowth and …

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Prerigor Injection Using Glycolytic Inhibitors In Low-Quality Beef Muscles, N. C. Jerez, Chris R. Calkins, J. Velazco Jan 2003

Prerigor Injection Using Glycolytic Inhibitors In Low-Quality Beef Muscles, N. C. Jerez, Chris R. Calkins, J. Velazco

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of prerigor injection of several glycolytic inhibitors on pH, color, tenderness, and related traits of low-value beef cuts. The semimembranosus, triceps brachii, and supraspinatus muscles from each of 10 steer carcasses were removed 1 h postmortem. Control samples remained in the carcass at 2°C for 24 h. Prerigor muscles were injected and tumbled with 10% (by weight) of one of four solutions: sodium citrate (NaC; 200mM), sodium fluoride (NaF; 200mM), sodium acetate (NaA; 200 mM), and calcium chloride (CaCl2; 300 mM). All muscles treated with NaC and NaF showed the …

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Undegradable Intake Protein Supplementation Of Compensating Spring-Born Steers And Summer-Born Steers During Summer Grazing, K. W. Creighton, C. B. Wilson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams Jan 2003

Undegradable Intake Protein Supplementation Of Compensating Spring-Born Steers And Summer-Born Steers During Summer Grazing, K. W. Creighton, C. B. Wilson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three trials were conducted to determine the effects of previous winter gain (Trials 1 and 3) and age of calf (Trials 1 and 2) on response to undegradable intake protein (UIP) supplementation during summer grazing. In Trial 1, 48 spring-born steers (243 kg) were used in a 4 &#;&#;2 factorial arrangement. Steers were wintered at four rates of gain: 0.65 (FAST), 0.24 (SLOW), 0.38 (S/F), and 0.38 (F/S) kg/d. The intermediate rates of gain (S/F and F/S) were created by switching steers from slow to fast or fast to slow midway through the wintering period. Following winter treatments, steers were …

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Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Milk Production Traits In Finnish Ayrshire Dairy Cattle, S. M. Viitala, N. F. Schulman, D. J. De Koning, K. Elo, R. Kinos, A. Virta, J. Virta, A. Mäki-Tanila, J. H. Vilkki Jan 2003

Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Milk Production Traits In Finnish Ayrshire Dairy Cattle, S. M. Viitala, N. F. Schulman, D. J. De Koning, K. Elo, R. Kinos, A. Virta, J. Virta, A. Mäki-Tanila, J. H. Vilkki

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A whole genome scan of Finnish Ayrshire was conducted tomap quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting milk production. The analysis included 12 half-sib families containing a total of 494 bulls in a granddaughter design. The families were genotyped with 150 markers to construct a 2764 cM (Haldane) male linkage map. In this study interval mapping with multiple-marker regression approach was extended to analyse multiple chromosomes simultaneously. The method uses identified QTL on other chromosomes as cofactors to increase mapping power. The existence of multiple QTL on the same linkage group was also analyzed by fitting a two-QTL model to the analysis. …

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