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Articles 31 - 50 of 50
Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Effects Of Microalgal Exudates And Intact Cells On Subtropical Marine Zooplankton, Nj Silva, Kw Tang, Rm Lopes
Effects Of Microalgal Exudates And Intact Cells On Subtropical Marine Zooplankton, Nj Silva, Kw Tang, Rm Lopes
VIMS Articles
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) affect coastal waters worldwide and very often lead to the disruption of seafood harvesting and commercial activities, because of potential hazards to human health associated with the consumption of contaminated mussels, crustaceans and fish. HAB events are frequently caused by outbreaks of toxin-producing dinoflagellates, which are subject to top-down control by zooplankton. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of dinoflagellate exudates and intact cells on the survivorship and mobility of zooplankton taxa from a subtropical location (Ubatuba, Brazil). Lethal effects were observed in five out of six taxa investigated, three of which …
Envisioning A Marine Biodiversity Observation Network, Je Duffy, La Amaral-Zettler, Dg Fautin, G Paulay, Ta Rynearson, Et Al.
Envisioning A Marine Biodiversity Observation Network, Je Duffy, La Amaral-Zettler, Dg Fautin, G Paulay, Ta Rynearson, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Humans depend on diverse ocean ecosystems for food, jobs, and sustained well-being, yet many stressors threaten marine life. Extensive research has demonstrated that maintaining biodiversity promotes ocean health and service provision; therefore, monitoring the status and trends of marine biodiversity is important for effective ecosystem management. However, there is no systematic sustained program for evaluating ocean biodiversity. Coordinating existing monitoring and building a proactive marine biodiversity observation network will support efficient, economical resource management and conservation and should be a high priority. A synthesis of expert opinions suggests that, to be most effective, a marine biodiversity observation network should integrate …
Improved Method For Quantifying The Air-Sea Flux Of Volatile And Semi-Volatile Organic Carbon, Ej Hauser, Rm Dickhut, R Falconer, As Wozniak
Improved Method For Quantifying The Air-Sea Flux Of Volatile And Semi-Volatile Organic Carbon, Ej Hauser, Rm Dickhut, R Falconer, As Wozniak
VIMS Articles
A method for quantifying the diffusive air-sea exchange of gaseous organic carbon (OC) was developed. OC compounds were separated into two operational pools-those that were kinetically air limited in diffusion across the air-sea interface and those that were water limited-during simultaneous air/water sampling. The method separates OC compounds into low Henry's law constant (low-H) semivolatile OC (SOC) and high Henry's law constant (high-H) volatile OC (VOC) pools that can be categorized by relating diffusion kinetic parameters to Henry's Law constant. Air limited (low-H; H << similar to 0.1 L atm mol(-1)) compounds were collected in pure water traps and were quantified as dissolved OC, whereas water limited (high-H; H >> similar to 0.1 L atm mol-1) compounds were collected on solid sorbent tubes downstream from the …
Physiological Effects Of Diet Mixing On Consumer Fitness: A Meta-Analysis, Js Lefcheck, Ma Whalen, Tm Davenport, Jp Stone, Je Duffy
Physiological Effects Of Diet Mixing On Consumer Fitness: A Meta-Analysis, Js Lefcheck, Ma Whalen, Tm Davenport, Jp Stone, Je Duffy
VIMS Articles
The degree of dietary generalism among consumers has important consequences for population, community, and ecosystem processes, yet the effects on consumer fitness of mixing food types have not been examined comprehensively. We conducted a meta-analysis of 161 peer-reviewed studies reporting 493 experimental manipulations of prey diversity to test whether diet mixing enhances consumer fitness based on the intrinsic nutritional quality of foods and consumer physiology. Averaged across studies, mixed diets conferred significantly higher fitness than the average of single-species diets, but not the best single prey species. More than half of individual experiments, however, showed maximal growth and reproduction on …
Biodiversity In A Changing Climate: A Synthesis Of Current And Projected Trends In The Us, Md Staudinger, Sl Carter, Ms Cross, Ns Dubois, Je Duffy, Et Al.
Biodiversity In A Changing Climate: A Synthesis Of Current And Projected Trends In The Us, Md Staudinger, Sl Carter, Ms Cross, Ns Dubois, Je Duffy, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
This paper provides a synthesis of the recent literature describing how global biodiversity is being affected by climate change and is projected to respond in the future. Current studies reinforce earlier findings of major climate-change-related impacts on biological systems and document new, more subtle after-effects. For example, many species are shifting their distributions and phenologies at faster rates than were recorded just a few years ago; however, responses are not uniform across species. Shifts have been idiosyncratic and in some cases counterintuitive, promoting new community compositions and altering biotic interactions. Although genetic diversity enhances species' potential to respond to variable …
Conservation In The First Internal Transcribed Spacer (Its1) Region Of Hematodinium Perezi (Genotype Iii) From Callinectes Sapidus, Kmp Lohan, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields, Ar Place, Kimberly S. Reece
Conservation In The First Internal Transcribed Spacer (Its1) Region Of Hematodinium Perezi (Genotype Iii) From Callinectes Sapidus, Kmp Lohan, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields, Ar Place, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Hematodinium spp. infections have been reported from blue crabs Callinectes sapidus in high-salinity waters of the USA from New Jersey to Texas. Recently, H. perezi (genotype III) has been proposed as the parasite species and genotype infecting blue crabs from Virginia; however, it is unknown whether this same genotype is present in blue crabs from other locations. To address this question, we collected 317 blue crabs from Massachusetts, Virginia, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas to test for the presence of H. perezi (III) using a specific PCR assay targeting the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region of the ribosomal RNA …
Migratory And Within-Estuary Behaviors Of Adult Summer Flounder (Paralichthys Dentatus) In A Lagoon System Of The Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight, Karen M. Capossela, Mary C. Fabrizio, Richard Brill
Migratory And Within-Estuary Behaviors Of Adult Summer Flounder (Paralichthys Dentatus) In A Lagoon System Of The Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight, Karen M. Capossela, Mary C. Fabrizio, Richard Brill
VIMS Articles
We monitored the movements of 45 adult Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) between June 2007 and July 2008 through the use of passive acoustic telemetry to elucidate migratory and within-estuary behaviors in a lagoon system of the southern mid-Atlantic Bight. Between 8 June and 10 October 2007, fish resided primarily in the deeper (>3 m) regions of the system and exhibited low levels of large-scale (100s of meters) activity. Mean residence time within this estuarine lagoon system was conservatively estimated to be 130 days (range: 18-223 days), which is 1.5 times longer than the residence time previously reported for Summer …
Oyster-Mediated Benthic-Pelagic Coupling Modifies Nitrogen Pools And Processes, Ar Smyth, Nr Geraldi, Mf Piehler
Oyster-Mediated Benthic-Pelagic Coupling Modifies Nitrogen Pools And Processes, Ar Smyth, Nr Geraldi, Mf Piehler
VIMS Articles
Removal of nitrogen through enhanced denitrification has been identified as an ecosystem service provided by oysters. In this study, we assessed the effects of an individual oyster (Crassostrea virginica) on nitrogen dynamics. Fluxes of N-2, O-2, nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and ammonium (NH4+) were measured from continuous-flow microcosms that contained a live oyster, sediment, or a live oyster + sediment. Net N-2 fluxes were indicative of nitrogen fixation in the sediment treatment and denitrification in the oyster and oyster + sediment treatments. Organic matter de position and ammonium production associated with oyster biodeposits and excretion likely decreased N limitation, and …
Projected Hg Dietary Exposure Of 3 Bird Species Nesting On A Contaminated Floodplain (South River, Virginia, Usa), Jc Wang, Mc Newman
Projected Hg Dietary Exposure Of 3 Bird Species Nesting On A Contaminated Floodplain (South River, Virginia, Usa), Jc Wang, Mc Newman
VIMS Articles
Dietary Hg exposure was modeled for Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), Eastern song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), and Eastern screech owl (Otus asio) nesting on the contaminated South River floodplain (Virginia, USA). Parameterization of Monte-Carlo models required formal expert elicitation to define bird body weight and feeding ecology characteristics because specific information was either unavailable in the published literature or too difficult to collect reliably by field survey. Mercury concentrations and weights for candidate food items were obtained directly by field survey. Simulations predicted the probability that an adult bird during breeding season would ingest specific amounts of Hg during daily foraging …
Distribution, Prevalence, And Genetic Analysis Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) From The Caribbean Sea, Ja Moss, D Behringer, Jeffrey D. Shields, A Baeza, A Aguilar-Perera, Et Al.
Distribution, Prevalence, And Genetic Analysis Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) From The Caribbean Sea, Ja Moss, D Behringer, Jeffrey D. Shields, A Baeza, A Aguilar-Perera, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
The pathogenic virus Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) was first discovered in Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus from the Florida Keys (USA) in 1999 and has since been reported in Belize, Mexico, and Cuba; its distribution in the wider Caribbean is unknown. We collected tissue samples from adult spiny lobsters from 30 locations in 14 countries bordering the Caribbean Sea and used molecular diagnostics to assay for the presence of PaV1. PaV1 occurred primarily in the northern areas of the Caribbean, where its prevalence was highest. The virus was not found in lobsters from the southeastern Caribbean, and its prevalence …
Differential Compartmentalization Of Memory B Cells Versus Plasma Cells In Salmonid Fish, Cy Ma, Jm Ye, Sl Kaattari
Differential Compartmentalization Of Memory B Cells Versus Plasma Cells In Salmonid Fish, Cy Ma, Jm Ye, Sl Kaattari
VIMS Articles
The disposition of teleost memory and plasma cells (PCs) has essentially been un-explored. As the organization of the teleost immune system differs significantly from that of mammals (i.e. no bone marrow or lymph nodes, hematopoietic anterior kidney), this disposition could be essential in understanding how comparable functions are achieved. To address this question, the primary and secondary antibody-secreting cell, B memory cell, and antibody responses to T-independent and T-dependent antigens were analyzed in trout. Although the TI and TD antibody responses did not differ substantively from one another, the secondary responses to both were significantly prolonged compared with the primary …
Microzooplankton Grazing Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Lm Garzio, Deborah K. Steinberg, M Erickson, Hw Ducklow
Microzooplankton Grazing Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Lm Garzio, Deborah K. Steinberg, M Erickson, Hw Ducklow
VIMS Articles
The significance of microzooplankton as grazers in pelagic ecosystems has been established, yet relatively few studies of microzooplankton grazing, compared to that of macrozooplankton, have been conducted in the Southern Ocean. We report phytoplankton and bacterial growth and grazing mortality rates along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), a region of rapid climate change. Growth and grazing rates were determined by dilution experiments at select stations along the WAP in January of 2009 to 2011 and in the nearshore waters near Palmer Station in February and March 2011. Microzooplankton exerted higher grazing pressure on bacteria compared to phytoplankton along the WAP …
Broad-Scale Association Between Seagrass Cover And Juvenile Blue Crab Density In Chesapeake Bay, Gina M. Ralph, Rochelle D. Seitz, R J. Orth, Kathleen E. Knick, Rom Lipcius
Broad-Scale Association Between Seagrass Cover And Juvenile Blue Crab Density In Chesapeake Bay, Gina M. Ralph, Rochelle D. Seitz, R J. Orth, Kathleen E. Knick, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Although numerous small-scale laboratory, mesocosm, and field experiments have demonstrated that abundance, survival, and growth of juvenile fish and invertebrates are higher in vegetated than in unvegetated habitats, the effect of habitat quality (i.e. habitat complexity) within vegetated habitats has not been documented at a broad spatial scale. We examined the relationship between percent cover in seagrass beds (eelgrass Zostera marina, widgeon grass Ruppia maritima, and associated macroalgae) and juvenile blue crab Callinectes sapidus density at a broad spatial scale. We quantified the functional relationship between juvenile density and percent cover of vegetation by sampling in Chesapeake Bay (USA) seagrass …
Heritable Melanism And Parasitic Infection Both Result In Black-Spotted Mosquitofish, Lisa Horth, David Gauthier, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
Heritable Melanism And Parasitic Infection Both Result In Black-Spotted Mosquitofish, Lisa Horth, David Gauthier, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
VIMS Articles
Male Gambusia holbrooki (Eastern Mosquitofish) express a heritable pigmentation polymorphism: ≈99% of males are silver, and only ≈1% have a melanic, black-spotted pattern. Sex-linkage, an autosomal modifier, and temperature control the expression of this heritable melanism. In many teleosts, melanin also accumulates around the site of parasitic invasion. We have identified black-spot disease in wild mosquitofish from their native habitat. Here, we demonstrate convergence upon the black-pigmented phenotype through two means: 1) heritable melanism, and 2) melanic spotting on the silver genotype that results from infection with immature encysted trematodes. Females are silver and express greater avoidance ofmelanic males during …
Bivalve Molluscs: Barometers Of Climate Change In Arctic Marine Systems, Roger Mann, Daphne M. Munroe, Eric N. Powell, Eileen E. Hoffmann, John M. Klinck
Bivalve Molluscs: Barometers Of Climate Change In Arctic Marine Systems, Roger Mann, Daphne M. Munroe, Eric N. Powell, Eileen E. Hoffmann, John M. Klinck
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Bivalve mollusks store a complete history of their life in the growth lines in their valves. Through sclerochronology, in combination with isotope signatures, it is possible to reconstruct both post-recruitment growth history at the individual level and commensurate environmental records of temperature and salinity. Growth patterns are integrators of local primary productivity; spatial and temporal changes in growth illustrate commensurate patterns of food availability. Mactrid clams are long-lived, benthic dominant species found on inner continental shelves throughout the Northern Hemisphere where they variously support major fisheries (Spisula solidissima in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, Mactromeris polynyma in eastern Canada, Spisula sachalinensis …
The Importance Of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction To Ammonium (Dnra) In The Nitrogen Cycle Of Coastal Ecosystems, Ae Giblin, Cr Tobias, Bk Song, N Weston, Gt Banta
The Importance Of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction To Ammonium (Dnra) In The Nitrogen Cycle Of Coastal Ecosystems, Ae Giblin, Cr Tobias, Bk Song, N Weston, Gt Banta
VIMS Articles
Until recently, it was believed that biological assimilation and gaseous nitrogen (N) loss through denitrification were the two major fates of nitrate entering or produced within most coastal ecosystems. Denitrification is often viewed as an important ecosystem service that removes reactive N from the ecosystem. However, there is a competing nitrate reduction process, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), that conserves N within the ecosystem. The recent application of nitrogen stable isotopes as tracers has generated growing evidence that DNRA is a major nitrogen pathway that cannot be ignored. Measurements comparing the importance of denitrification vs. DNRA in 55 coastal …
Observing Striped Bass Catch And Atlantic Sturgeon Bycatch In A Striped Bass Fishery Using Raised Footlines, George Earl Trice Iv
Observing Striped Bass Catch And Atlantic Sturgeon Bycatch In A Striped Bass Fishery Using Raised Footlines, George Earl Trice Iv
Reports
This project was conducted from January 16th, 2013 to May 13th, 2013. The project documented the catch of striped bass (Marone soxatilis) and Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) bycatch of two different net configurations, a traditional anchored gill net and an experimental raised footline anchored gill net. The project was conducted in traditional striped bass fishery areas. The experimental methodology was created in an attempt to reduce the bycatch of Atlantic sturgeon while not affecting the striped bass fishery. Nets were hung using conventional methods allowing the net to rest on the bottom of the waters. Experimental nets were hung …
Estimation Of Juvenile Striped Bass Relative Abundance In The Virginia Portion Of Chesapeake Bay, January 2012-December 2012 : Annual Progress Report, Leonard S. Machut, Mary C. Fabrizio
Estimation Of Juvenile Striped Bass Relative Abundance In The Virginia Portion Of Chesapeake Bay, January 2012-December 2012 : Annual Progress Report, Leonard S. Machut, Mary C. Fabrizio
Reports
The 2012 Striped Bass juvenile abundance index is 2.68 and is significantly lower than the historic average of 6.96. Recruitment failure, as defined by Addendum II to Amendment 6 of the FMP, occurred during 2012. All individual watershed JAI values were below their historic mean. The Rappahannock, Pamunkey and Chickahominy River JAI values were significantly lower than their respective historic averages. Although lower JAI values were reported for the James and Mattaponi rivers, annual JAI confidence intervals overlapped with historic confidence intervals suggesting juvenile abundance in these two rivers was not significantly different from the longterm average abundance. Based on …
Virginia Fishery Resource Grant Program 2012, Virginia Fishery Resource Grant Program
Virginia Fishery Resource Grant Program 2012, Virginia Fishery Resource Grant Program
Reports
No abstract provided.
The Status Of Virginia's Public Oyster Resource 2012., Melissa Southworth, Roger L. Mann
The Status Of Virginia's Public Oyster Resource 2012., Melissa Southworth, Roger L. Mann
Reports
This report summarizes data collected during 2012 in the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay. The report is composed of two parts, part one, oyster recruitment (shell string) in Virginia and part two, dredge survey of selected oyster bars in Virginia.