Animal Sciences Commons^™

A New Freshwater Goby Of Rhinogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) From Hainan Island, Southern China, I-Shiung Chen, Peter J. Miller

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A new freshwater goby of Rhinogobius Gill (1859) was collected from the Wangchuang River basin, Hainan Island, southern China. The new species, Rhinogobius sangenloensis, can be well distinguished from other congeners by a combination of the following features: second dorsal-fin rays modally I/8; anal-fin rays I/7-8; pectoral-fin rays modally 17; longitudinal scales 25-27; predorsal scales 9-11; vertebrae 26; body with 3-4 longitudinal, discontinuous orange to brown or brownish black bars and stripes; cheek with 2 grayish black spots in male; pectoral-fin base in male with 2 oblong black bars; caudal fin with an orange mark on lower 1/3 region in …

A New Species Of Genus Pseudogobius Popta (Teleostei: Gobiidae) From Brackish Water Of Taiwan And Southern China, I-Shiung Chen, Shih-Pin Huang, Kuang-Ying Huang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A new species of fat-nose goby genus Pseudogobius taijiangensis n. sp. is firstly described herein and was collected from brackish waters of Taiwan and southern China. P. taijiangensis n. sp. can be well distinguished from other congeners by the unique combinations of the following features: (1) fin rays: 2nd dorsal fin rays modally 7, anal fin rays modally 7, pectoral fin rays modally 17 and first dorsal fin rounded and lacking filaments; (2) squamation: lateral body with large ctenoid scales, longitudinal scale rows 26-28, predorsal scales modally 8; and (3) specific coloration: body with some black thin longitudinal lines; rear …

A New Species Of Cyprinid Fish Of Genus Opsariichthys From Ky Cung-Bang Giang River Basin, Northern Vietnam With Notes On The Taxonomic Status Of The Genus From Northern Vietnam And Southern China, Thien Quang Huynh, I-Shiung Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Opsariichthys duchuunguyeni, a new species of cyprinid fish from Ky Cung – Bang Giang river basin, northern Vietnam, is described. It is characterized by the following unique combination of features: short maxillary extending; 12-15 rounded tubercles on lower jaw; 11-12 crossbars on body; pectoral fin reaching the pelvic fin origin in adult male; lateral-line scales comprising 41; scales above lateral-line 8; scales below lateral-line 3. Moreover, the genetic differentiation and a diagnostic key of the new species and other congeners are given in this paper for discussion about taxonomic status of the genus Opsariichthys from Vietnam and nearby geographical regions, …

Seasonal Abundance Of Epiphytic Dinoflagellates Around Coastal Waters Of Jeju Island, Korea, Md. Mahfuzur Rahman Shah, So-Jeong An, Joon-Baek Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The seasonal abundance of epiphytic dinoflagellates in the intertidal zone of Jeju Island, Korea was quantitatively estimated by monthly collection of macroalgal samples (Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta, and Chlorophyta) from six sampling locations from July 2012 to June 2013. Ten epiphytic dinoflagellate taxa, including eight potentially toxic species Amphidinium carterae, A. operculatum, Gambierdiscus sp., Ostreopsis ovata, Prorocentrum concavum, P. emarginatum, P. lima, and P. rhathymum, were identified. Two Amphidinium and three Prorocentrum species are newly recorded in Korean coastal waters. A significant change in seasonal abundance was recorded with maximum (751.82 ± 223.12 cells g-1 wet weight of algae; cells g-1 hereafter) …

Taxonomic Study Of Pike Congers (Anguilliformes: Muraenesocidae) With Identification Of Muraenesocid Collections In Taiwan, James Lin, Kwang-Tsao Shao, Hong-Ming Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

During the past years, we collected and studied on the Anguilliformes fishes, and described some new genera and new species of eels. We noticed that there are some misidentified species or invalid junior synonym in Muraenesocidae specimens. Considering how limited this family is known in Taiwan, we would like to revise the species of pike congers here. We collected muraenesocid specimens around Taiwan from fish markets, fishery harbors, fishermen, and also examined the specimens from other Taiwanese museum collections. Comparing to the past literature of Muraenesocidae, we found that the species Congresox talabon was misreported previously, and there is not …

Genetic Diversity Of Filamentous Cyanobacteria From Shore Regions Of Okinawa, Shoichiro Suda, Rui Moriya, Shinpei Sumimoto, Osamu Ohno, Kiyotake Suenaga

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Benthic marine cyanobacteria are ubiquitous oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and they form major components of various communities, including epiphytic, epilithic and microbial mats, in coral reef environments. Filamentous groups may form almost monospecific macroscopic colonies, and sometimes make potentially harmful algal blooms (HABs). HABs bring serious problems for marine tourism but marine filamentous cyanobacteria are good resource for drug discovery. However, cultivation and identification of such filamentous cyanobacteria are difficult and there are taxonomic confusions. In this study, we investigate 17 samples from coral reef area of 10 localities in Okinawa. Macroscopic mats or cushions of filamentous cyanobacteria were collected. The …

Diversity Of Crypthecodinium Spp. (Dinophyceae) From Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, Danang Ambar Prabowo, Ooshi Hiraishi, Shoichiro Suda

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The genus Crypthecodinium (Dinophyceae) currently consists of only one species: C. cohnii, a heterotrophic marine dinoflagellate widely known able to produce prolific amount of DHA. However, previous studies revealed that there are morphological and genetic differences among Crypthedodinium cohnii-like strains, indicating the potential of undiscovered diversity of this dinoflagellate. Attempts of isolating heterotrophic marine dinoflagellate strains were made from submerged mangrove leaves and seaweed. A total of nine strains were established, cultured and maintained using seawater-based GTY medium for taxonomic identification and phylogenetic analyses based on SSU, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 and LSU rDNA. Morphological observation revealed all strains shared similar …

Effects Of Elevated Seawater Co2 On Feed Intake, Oxygen Consumption And Morphology Of Aristotle's Lantern In The Sea Urchin Anthocidaris Crassispina, Guining Wang, Mitsuharu Yagi, Rui Yin, Weiqun Lu, Atsushi Ishimatsu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Adult sea urchins, Anthocidaris crassispina, were reared individually in running seawater equilibrated with gas mixtures containing 380 ppm (control), 1,000 ppm or 3,000 ppm CO2, at ambient natural temperature for 140 days to study effects of elevated CO2 on feed intake, fecal production, oxygen consumption, and the morphology of Aristotle’s lantern. Feed intake became significantly lower in the two high CO2 groups than in the control after 90 (1,000 ppm) or 110 (3,000 ppm) days and remained suppressed until the end of the experiment (control, 0.16 ± 0.01 (mean ± SE) g dry wt ind-1 day-1; 1,000 ppm, 0.10 ± …

One New Record Genus And Three New Record Species Of Snake Eels (Ophichthidae:Anguilliformes) From Taiwan, Yung-Chieh Chiu, James Lin, Hong-Ming Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The tropical and subtropical eel family Ophichthidae are the most diverse Anguilliformes fishes which occupy a variety of marine habitats such as reefs, sand and mud substrates. In Taiwan, we can often collect them from the capture of bottom-trawl fishery. In this study, we added two new recorded species Ophichthus machidai and O. obtusus of ophichthid eels collected from Da-xi fish market by comparing their morphological measurements, vertebral counts and head pores with the other six species of the genus Ophichthus: O. apicalis, O. aphotistos, O. asakusae, O. erabo, O. tsuchidae, O. urolophus. We also obtained a unique specimen from …

Reproductive Biology Of Intertidal Frillfin Goby, Bathygoboius Fuscus In Keelung, Taiwan, Yu-Hai Kong, I-Shiung Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The reproductive biology of intertidal, black brown frillfin goby, Bathygobius fuscus (Rüppell) have been surveyed from the coastal region of Keelung, Taiwan. The species always belongs to the dominant species found in the fish community of the tidal pools for different seasons. The overall fecundity of adult female is from 2335 to 13332 eggs with the average of 5605 eggs with average eggs-size is 0.34 ± 0.06 mm. The female minimum measure body-size would be 40.4 mm SL. The higher reproductive season can be well observed from female GSI (Gonadosomatic Index) during May to September. During that time, there may …

Alternative Assessment Methods Applied To The Hairtail (Trichiurus Lepturus) Stock In The Aru Sea As An Example, Chao-Hsiung Cheng, Tsuyoshi Kawasaki, Kuo-Ping Chiang, Chuan-Hung Ho

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The Aru Sea off Indonesia is a major fishing ground for Taiwanese distant-water otter trawlers. The hairtail, an economically important demersal fish, is abundant in that area. The assessment methodology in this paper extends previous studies on hairtail fisheries by considering migration within the fishing grounds. This model is based on conventional Leslie-Delury method but makes different assumptions on stock movement and the relationship between stock abundance and catch per unit effort. It was applied to retrospective data from the hairtail fisheries in the Aru Sea. In addition, the depletion method was used to estimate the abundance of hairtail and …

A New Parapercis Species From The Dongsha Island, South China Sea With Comments On A New Record From Taiwan, I-Shiung Chen, Tsung-Hsien Tsai, Shao-Liang Hsu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The sandperch genus, Parapercis Bleeker, 1863 is the most diverse group of Family Pinguipedidae in the perciforms. One unusual specimen of sandperches recently collected from the Dongsha Island (Pratas Island), South China Sea from 2011 expedition belonging to Taiwan, the Republic of China is turned to a new species as Parapercis dongshaensis n. sp. closely related to the newly recorded species, Parapercis okamurai Kamohara, 1960 which also firstly collected from Taiwanese waters would been also documented herein. The new species, Parapercis dongshaensis n. sp., can be well distinguished from other congeners by the following unique combination of features: (1) fins: …

Identification And Analysis Of White Spot Syndrome Virus (Wssv) Envelope Protein Vp41a, Po-Yu Huang, Pei-Jung Chen, Huai-Ting Huang, Li-Li Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the causative agent of a disease that has led to severe mortalities of cultured shrimp in Taiwan and many other countries. WSSV, a kind of large enveloped DNA virus, has a wide host range among crustaceans. During the first stage to infect a target cell, the enveloped virus must combine itself with the receptor on the host cell membrane via an envelope protein. In WSSV, binding of envelope protein with the receptor of the host cell membrane was revealed in a number of previous studies. WSSV envelope proteins were also considered to form a …

How Important Is Viral Effect On The Measure Bacterial Growth In Western Subtropical Pacific Coastal Water?, An-Yi Tsai, Gwo-Ching Gong, Kuo-Ping Chiang, Jie Hung

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Bacterial growth rates were determined in natural seawater samples using two different methodological approaches: incubation in dialysis bags, and a modification of the dilution approach. Bacterial growth rates estimated for the dialysis bag varied from 0.026 h-1 (April) to 0.208 h-1 (August). Bacterial growth rates in 0.2 µm and 30 kDa size-fractionated series ranged from 0.038 to 0.094 h-1 and 0.078 to 0.42 h-1, respectively. Furthermore, in all of our samples, growth rates in the 30 kDa fractionated series (grazer and virus-free diluent) were higher than in the 0.2 µm series (grazer-free diluent) or in the dialysis bag incubations.

Predation By Apocyclops Royi (Cyclopoid: Copepod) On Ciliates And Rotifers, Raunak Dhanker, Jiang-Shiou Hwang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

We studied the prey consumption rates in Apocyclops royi on neonate and adult rotifers, Brachionus rotundiformis and ciliate, Euplotes sp. in the presence and absence of algae, the smaller Isochrysis galbana and the larger Tetraselmis chui. Both males and females of A. royi were able to successfully ingest neonate and adult rotifers and ciliate. The prey consumption rates were significantly lower in males than in females of A. royi. Regardless of sex and reproductive state of the copepod, prey consumption rates were higher on neonates rotifer than on adults. However, the prey consumption rates were significantly lower on ciliate than …

Mosquitocidal Activity Of Hedychium Coronarium Rhizome Extract And Copepod Megacyclops Formosanus For The Control Of Dengue Vector, Kandasamy Kalimuthu, Kadarkarai Murugan, Li-Chun Tseng, Jiang-Shiou Hwang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The bio-efficacy of Hedychium coronarium Rhizome extract and copepods Megacyclops formosanus, were tested against first to fourth-instar larvae and pupae of dengue Vector Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. Different solvent extracts of H. coronarium, combined with copepod M. formosanus showed considerable mortality against A. aegypti. The median lethal concentration value (LC50) observed for the larvicidal and pupicidal activities against mosquito vector species A. aegypti value were 38.59, ppm; no mortality was observed in the control group. This study was also initiated to test the predatory efficiency of copepod against different larval instars and predatory efficiency was noticed at the laboratory …

Diel Oscillations In Sailfish Vertical Movement Behavior In The East China Sea, Wei-Chuan Chiang, Ryo Kawabe, Michael K. Musyl, Chi-Lu Sun, Hsiao-Min Hung, Hsien-Chung Lin, Shun Watanabe, Seishiro Furukawa, Wen-Yie Chen, Yu-Kai Chen, Don-Chung Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) was tagged with a pop-up satellite archival tag off the eastern coast of Taiwan and moved in a northerly direction to the East China Sea, where the tag popped-up after 160 days. The total linear displacement was 550 km from deployment to pop-up location and all movements were confined to the East China Sea. After the primarily southward movement during first two months at-liberty, the sailfish changed course after September and began to swim in a northerly direction paralleling the Kuroshio Current. During these horizontal movements, the tagged animal exhibited diel oscillations in its vertical diving …

Genetic Diversity Of Pyramimonas From Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan (Chlorophyceae, Pyramimonadales), Shoichiro Suda, Mohammad Azmal Hossain Bhuiyan, Daphne Georgina Faria

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The genus Pyramimonas Schmarda was traditionally described on observations of its periplast and internal structure of different flagellar apparatus or eyespot orientations and currently comprises of ca. 60 species that are divided into six subgenera: Pyramimonas, Vestigifera, Trichocystis, Punctatae, Hexactis, and Macrura. In order to understand the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of genus Pyramimonas members, we analyzed nuclear SSU rDNA molecular data from 41 strains isolated from different locations of the Ryukyu Archipelago. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strains could be segregated into six clades, four of which represented existing subgenera: Pyramimonas, Vestigifera McFadden, Trichocystis McFadden, and Punctatae McFadden, and …

Life History Of The Copepod Paramphiascella Sp. Affected By Hydrothermal Vent Effluents, Hans-Uwe Dahms, Li-Chun Tseng, Jiang-Shiou Hwang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Toxicity of Hydrothermal vent (HV) effluents was tested by investigating the effect on growth and reproduction of the copepod Paramphiascella sp. which was collected and subsequently cultured from localities nearby a shallow marine HV at Kueishan Tao Island, Taiwan. Ontogenetic stages (nauplii, copepodids, and adults) were exposed to a range of concentrations of HV effluents in a static renewal culture system. In a first of two experiments we tested the survivorship of these in HV effluent dilutions from 1 to 50%. HV effluents significantly reduced the survivorship of the naupliar stages at concentrations >5% for Paramphiascella sp. (p < 0.01) and all nauplii died at concentrations of 25% and 50%. Copepodids were significantly letally affected at concentrations >5% (p < 0.01) and all died at 50% (p < 0.01). Developmental duration in Paramphiascella was showing a trend of developmental delay in both phases, in the naupliar and in the copepodid phase. Mortality showed a greater sensitivity to chemical exposure than development time. Among both traits were early developmental stages of Paramphiascella sp. more sensitive to HV effluents than advanced stages. We showed that Paramphiascella sp. was a useful test organism in the monitoring of life cycle as well as acute effects of HV effluents being present for millions of years and providing unique ecosystems. Mortality was a useful toxicological endpoint whereas developmental duration was not.

Gall Polymorphism Of Coral-Inhabiting Crabs (Decapoda, Cryptochiridae): A New Perspective, Tsui-Ping Wei, Hon-Cheng Chen, Ying-Chou Lee, Min-Li Tsai, Jiang-Shiou Hwang, Shao-Hung Peng, Yuh-Wen Chiu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Coral-inhabiting gall crabs are either obligate symbionts or parasitic associates with their host corals. They form a variety of galls/pits inside the skeleton of living corals. Nine genera of gall crabs on several scleractinian corals were used to test the hypothesis that galls vary among cryptochirid genera. Phylogenetic and morphometric observations were combined to analyze the possible evolutionary significance of gall construction. A high degree of conservation of gall shapes was observed in relation to the gall crabs’ phylogeny. Gall/pit morphology and fidelity was studied in each of the different species of gall crabs. In addition, the correlation analysis results …

Mosquito Larvicidal Activity Of Broussonetia Papyrifera Compound Marmesin By Blocking Protein Aescp-2, Docking Strategies, And Combined Effect Of Copepod Megacyclops Formosanus Against Dengue Vector Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), Kandasamy Kalimuthu, Chia-Hsiang Wang, Shiu-Mei Liu, Li-Chun Tseng, Kadarkarai Murugan, Jiang-Shiou Hwang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Mosquito-borne diseases that have an economic impact create losses in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. The emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides is a challenge to mosquito control. Cyclopoid copepods are important predators in many aquatic ecosystems and have been successfully used as biological agents to control mosquito larvae. For this study, we examined the larvicidal activity of the copepod Megacyclops formosanus in combination with the compound marmesin (which was purified from the methanol crude extract of the plant stem bark of Broussonetia papyrifera) against Aedes aegypti larvae. Their larvicidal activity and in …

The Checklist Of Inland-Water And Mangrove Fish Fauna Of Kinmen Island, Fujian Province, Taiwan With Comments On Ecological Conservation Of Native Fishes, I-Shiung Chen, Chia-Jun Weng, Yi-Ru Chen, Shih-Pin Huang, Zong-Han Wen, Nian-Hong Jang-Liaw, Tsung-Hsien Tsai

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The ecological status of the lowland freshwater and brackish fish fauna traditionally got better protected since long time for military protect region without great human and agriculture impact in last few decades. However, many human reconstruction of river habitats, pollution and overuse of irrigation from river water have become great impact for fish survival in Kinmen. So far, there are totally 27 families, 57 genera and 68 species have been collected and recorded by our intensive survey for those freshwater habitats in inlandwater of Kinmen island, Fujian Province, Taiwan in our recent field survey during 2011-2012. Totally 17 newly recorded …

Certain Agave Species Exhibit The Capability To Be Moderately Productive Under Conditions Of High Salt And Drought Stress, Steven J. Bergsten

Theses and Dissertations

Water availability and arable lands are increasingly limiting resources in many parts of the U.S., particularly in semi-arid and arid regions. As a means of addressing food and fuel demands associated with burgeoning population growth, highly productive and water-use efficient crops need to be identified. One potential crop, Agave, merits consideration and evaluation due to its putative capability to provide sustenance and energy despite growing in water-limited regions and on marginal soils. However, little is known regarding the productivity these succulent plants will have under growing conditions of the Southwest, where high concentrated saline soils are abundant, and water is …

Observing The Unwatchable Through Acceleration Logging Of Animal Behavior, Danielle D. Brown, Roland Kays, Martin Wikelski, Rory Wilson, A. Peter Klimley

Methodology and Animal Models in Research

Behavior is an important mechanism of evolution and it is paid for through energy expenditure. Nevertheless, field biologists can rarely observe animals for more than a fraction of their daily activities and attempts to quantify behavior for modeling ecological processes often exclude cryptic yet important behavioral events. Over the past few years, an explosion of research on remote monitoring of animal behavior using acceleration sensors has smashed the decades-old limits of observational studies. Animal-attached accelerometers measure the change in velocity of the body over time and can quantify fine-scale movements and body postures unlimited by visibility, observer bias, or the …

Understory Vegetation Response To Mechanical Mastication Of Piñon And Juniper Woodlands, Jordan Ann Bybee

Theses and Dissertations

Piñon and juniper encroachment and infilling can alter ecosystem processes and decrease resilience and resistance in sagebrush grasslands. Land managers employ a variety of techniques to eliminate these trees and mitigate their negative effects. Mechanical mastication or shredding is an increasingly popular method of removing these trees in Utah. It is a versatile treatment that can reduce canopy fuels, increase infiltration, and reduced sediment loss. We compared vegetation cover for annual and perennial vegetation functional groups on shredded and adjacent unshredded areas across a range of sites. Our approach was to categorize sites by ecological site type (encroachment or tree) …

The Cost Of Affordable Food, Candice L. Cobuzzi

SURGE

When someone puts a piece of food in front of me, I don’t just see a piece of food.

Instead, I see an innocent cow being cornered by a forklift and slaughtered, its limp, moist tissue hung on a long conveyer belt with hundreds of others.

I see hundreds of chemically-injected chickens packed into a dark barn with no hope of seeing sunlight in their lifetime.

I see immigrants pulled from their houses like criminals, taken away from the lives they’ve spent years building for themselves and their families, working for the same food company that courted them into the …

First State Record And Interdiction For The Wood Slave, Hemidactylus Mabouia (Moreau De Jonnès 1818) (Gekkonidae), In Maryland, Usa., Louis A. Somma, William L. Grogan Jr.

Papers in Herpetology

The Wood Slave, Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès 1818; Fig. 1), is indigenous to Africa south of the Sahara, with nonindigenous populations established in Cape Verde, Mexico, much of Central and South America, numerous localities in the Caribbean, perhaps Madagascar, and at least 21 counties in Florida, USA (Carranza and Arnold 2006; Kraus 2009; Krysko et al. 2011a, 2011b; Meshaka 2011; Powell and Henderson 2012). Recently, H. mabouia has successfully invaded temperate regions of southern Africa and northern peninsular Florida (Alexander and Marais 2007, Krysko and Somma 2007).

On 20 December 2012, Brian R. Grogan and Shane Forsythe collected and …

Northwest Arkansas Consumer Perceptions Of Poultry Production, Stuart Estes

Agricultural Education, Communications and Technology Undergraduate Honors Theses

Poultry production holds an important place in Arkansas economically and as a food source. The importance of poultry production ultimately hinges on the demands of the consumers and the perceptions that drive their purchases. With this in mind, this study surveyed consumers to assess their perceptions of poultry production in Arkansas. The instrument used to survey consumers was created by the researcher and an expert committee at the University of Arkansas. Consumers were interviewed through direct communication at grocery stores in northwest Arkansas. Data gathered from the study were analyzed for descriptive and correlational statistics. Data showed that consumers were …

Longevity And Mortality Of Owned Dogs In England, D. G. O'Neill, D. B. Church, P. D. Mcgreevy, P. C. Thomson, D. C. Brodbelt

Epidemiology Collection

Improved understanding of longevity represents a significant welfare opportunity for the domestic dog, given its unparalleled morphological diversity. Epidemiological research using electronic patient records (EPRs) collected from primary veterinary practices overcomes many inherent limitations of referral clinic, owner questionnaire and pet insurance data. Clinical health data from 102,609 owned dogs attending first opinion veterinary practices (n = 86) in central and southeast England were analysed, focusing on 5095 confirmed deaths.

Of deceased dogs with information available, 3961 (77.9%) were purebred, 2386 (47.0%) were female, 2528 (49.8%) were neutered and 1105 (21.7%) were insured. The overall median longevity was 12.0 years …

Culturally Speaking: You Don't Know Beans About Cottage Cheese, Phillip Tong

Dairy Science

No abstract provided.