Animal Sciences Commons^™

Resource Management Thrusts And Opportunities: National Parks And Wildlife Refuges, G. Ray Arnett

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Well, it's been an interesting year. Somehow, it got to be very convenient for some folks to misconstrue what the Secretary had said. Some of those folks just seemed determined to make James Watt a household name-and they succeeded. And those same folks succeeded, too, in increasing the membership roles of a few of the environmental groups. But I don't think they succeeded very well in listening to and understanding what the Secretary said a year ago .... So, as succinctly and plainly as possible, I will spell out again that the goals of this Administration weren't designed to create …

Effects Of Increased Human Populations On Wildlife Resources Of The Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, Edward E. Bangs, Ted H. Spraker, Theodore N. Bailey, Vernon D. Berns

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In this paper, we will discuss what has occurred to several wildlife populations on the Kenai Peninsula as the human population increased. By discussing historical impacts, management techniques, and potential human impacts, we intend to show the significance of what occurred and may occur as human populations expand, both on the Kenai and in Alaska.

Status Of Alaska Sea Otter Populations And Developing Conflicts With Fisheries, Ancel M. Johnson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Although sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have been a relatively insignificant resource in Alaska during the twentieth century, the situation is changing. Remnant populations that recolonized most of their historic range are becoming recognized as a potentially valuable economic resource and as a competitor with some important shellfish fisheries. It is appropriate that sea otters should again become an important Alaskan resource because they were so significant in the initial exploration and settlement of Alaska by non-natives. In this paper I review changes in distribution and population abundance since 1740, recent changes in human attitudes toward sea otters, and …

Hep As A Planning Tool: An Application To Waterfowl Enhancement, Scott C. Matulich, Jeffrey E. Hanson, Ivan Lines, Adrian Farmer

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

To many, the principal role of wildlife agencies in public and private resource development has been that of impact mitigation. With known or pending habitat damage, biologists have to develop mitigation or compensation plans. Unfortunately, once in a mitigation framework, they are in a no-win situation, seeking remedial action at best. Yet, the potential exists for cooperative project planning, thereby facilitating mitigation of impacts before they occur, and enhancement of environmental amenities through project development. In fact, such planning is mandated by federal legislation (e.g., National Environmental Policy Act, Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, Outdoor Recreation Act, etc.).

Nonconsumptive Wildlife-Associated Recreation In The U.S.: Identifying The Other Constituency, James R. Lyons

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Sportsmen are the traditional clientele of wildlife management. As an organized force, sportsmen have long endorsed the principles of conservation upon which wildlife management is based. As a source of political and financial support, sportsmen continue to represent wildlife's most recognized constituency.

Development And Use Of A Habitat Gradient Model To Evaluate Wildlife Habitat, Henry L. Short

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Ecologists and wildlife managers are increasingly confronted with the problems of predicting the value of surface cover as wildlife habitat and developing management alternatives to offset wildlife values lost because of land-use change. These problems have become urgent and more acute because of increased demand for products from the land and diminished fiscal and manpower resources for obtaining meaningful environmental information for the decision maker. This paper describes a relatively rapid, simple, and quantitative process for evaluating the quality of an area as wildlife habitat.

Maps Of Distribution And Abundance Of Selected Species Of Birds On Uncultivated Native Upland Grasslands And Shrubsteppe In The Northern Great Plains, Harold A. Kantrud

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Many areas of the northern Great Plains (Fenneman 1931) remain poorly known ornithologically. Knowledge of species distribution in portions of this vast area has been advanced by recent State birds books (Stewart 1975; South Dakota Ornithologists' Union 1978) but many voids remain. Especially desirable for biologists and land managers is information concerning the relative abundance of plant and animal species over large land areas. This information can only be obtained from extensive surveys of the biota. The field of community ecology has been severely hampered by lack of information on species abundance (Dice 1930; Cain 1947; Partch 1962; Udvardy 1963). …

Estimation Of Components Of Variance By Method 3 And Henderson's New Method, G. F. S. Hudson, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An algorithm for Method 3 for estimation of components of variance in a mixed model including fixed herd-year-season, genetic groups, and random sires nested within groups is presented. Computational aspects of the algorithm are discussed and compared with those of a new method of Henderson's. The new method involves equating quadratic forms based on approximate best linear unbiased prediction solutions to their expected values. Relative computing effort for the two methods depended on the ease of eliminating equations for fixed effects and on the number of traits. Numerical estimates from the two methods were similar. When the Method 3 estimate …

Wildlife Values Versus Human Recreation: Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Stephen H. Bouffard

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Expanding human populations are making increased recreational demands on National Wildlife Refuges (NWR). The U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is trying to accommodate these demands whenever possible. An important, but not primary objective of NWRs is to provide for various public uses, including recreation (U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1976a). The Refuge Recreation Act of 1962 (16 U.S.C. 460K-460K-4) authorizes the FWS to allow recreational uses on NWRs, National Fish Hatcheries and similar lands. This act specifies that all recreational uses must be secondary to the primary purpose of the refuge. While most refuge recreation programs do not …

Habitat Models For Land-Use Planning: Assumptions And Strategies For Development, Adrian H. Farmer, Michael J. Armbruster, James W. Terrell, Richard L. Schroeder

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Wildlife managers have long recognized that management goals must be constrained by the availability and suitability of habitat. This recognition, combined with ever increasing land development pressures, has resulted in environmental legislation emphasizing systematic approaches to collection and analysis of habitat information. Wildlife planners have responded with a variety of approaches to the development of models that quantify habitat requirements.

Characterization Of Breeds Representing Diverse Biological Types: Carcass And Meat Traits Of Steers, Robert M. Koch, Larry V. Cundiff, Keith E. Gregory, M. E. Dikeman

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Carcass characteristics, including composition and palatability of meat from different breeds or breed crosses, are important in determining the potential value of alternative germ plasm resources.

Cooperative Project On The Weak Calf Syndrome, William G. Kvasnicka

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

The "Weak Calf Syndrome" has been gaining wide recognition throughout the north~est and Rocky Mountain regions. The specific syndrome was first noted as possibly being caused 'by a new entity by Dr. Jack Ward in the Bitterroot Valley of Montana after Dr. Ward was unable to relate the observations of necropsied specimens with that of any known published reports. The actual origin of the disease responsible for the specific syndrome noted in the area is not known and may have had its origin elsewhere. However, interest in the problem is increasing in view of the apparent recognition of the disease …

Testicular Development And Onset Of Puberty In Beef Bulls, Donald D. Lunstra

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Selection and management of young beef bulls have been hampered by a lack of information on reproductive development, growth, and puberty. The use of an increasing number of sire breeds in the beef cattle industry has placed additional emphasis on the importance of defining differences in sexual maturation within and among breeds. We conducted the following studies as part of a program designed to characterize reproductive development and puberty in breeds of beef bulls.

California's Central Valley Wintering Waterfowl: Concerns And Challenges, David S. Gilmer, Michael R. Miller, Richard D. Bauer, John R. Ledonne

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Few places on the North American continent can boast of the concentrations of migratory birds that winter in the Central Valley of California. Long before agriculture and industrialization came west, this great valley served as a major wintering ground for millions of migratory birds. Fall flights of waterfowl, shorebirds, waders, raptors, and passerines returned annually to inhabit the vast wetland, riparian, and grassland habitats which covered the valley floor (Dasmann 1966, Bakker 1971).
Major changes in the Central Valley during the last century have profoundly influenced its physical and biological features. Wetland, riparian, and grassland habitats have been devastated by …

Current Status And Management Challenges For Tule White-Fronted Geese, Daniel E. Timm, Michael L. Wege, David S. Gilmer

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Since large, dark tule white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons gam belli Hartlaub) were first described in Texas over a century ago by Hartlaub (1852), and again 65 years later in California by Swarth and Bryant (1917), tule geese have been the subject of at least 14 studies in California and 8 attempts to locate summering birds in the Artic. Central questions of these efforts have been: Is the tule goose a distinct subspecies? What is their range and population size? How can the birds be identified? and What threatens their existence?
The purpose of this paper is to present the …

Block And Bridle Annual, 1982

Block and Bridle Annual (1933–2021)

Table of Contents:

Staff Comments
Emblem and Purpose
Animal Science Dept. Chairman Address
Block and Bridle President’s Address
Block & Bridle Advisors
Animal Science Faculty
Animal Science Graduate Students
Animal Science Secretaries
Liaison Committee
Block & Bridle Members
Block & Bridle Initiates
Block & Bridle Officers
Block & Bridle Executive Committee
Block & Bridle Seniors
Activities and Committee Chairmen
Meetings
New Activities
Summer and Regional Meetings
National Meetings
Honor’s Banquet
Junior Scholarship Award
Outstanding Senior Award
Portrait Presentation Honoree
Visit with Honoree
State Fair Awards
Livestock Judging Contest
Quadrathalon
Spring Tour
Quarter Horse Show
Beef Show
Senior Livestock Judging Team …

1982 Beef Cattle Report, Daniel B. Faulkner, John K. Ward, Terry J. Klopfenstein, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln, V. J. Gibney, J. B. Campbell, D. C. Clanton, D. J. Boxler, M. K. Petersen, Robert A. (Bud) Britton, J. K. Ward, G. Llamas, G. H. Deutscher, B. L. Peverley, J. E. Kinder, M. L. Day, K. Imakawa, R. J. Kittok, W. A. Zollinger, M. K. Nielsen, R. M. Koch, D. S. Buchanan, J. T. Nichols, A. M. Gray, Darrel Myran, Keith Dehaan, Rick Stock, Steve Abrams, Dennis Brink, Felipe Cook, John K. Merrill, Mike L. Mcdonnell, Mark Nelson, Ivan Rush, Ray Carr, Warren Sahs, Abe Turgeon Jr., Dave Harmon, Bob Steele, Paul Q. Guyer, Stanley D. Farlin, Gregory Schindler, Stephen Lowry, Roy G. Arnold, Leo E. Lucas

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Maximizing Forage in Beef Growing-Finishing Rations

Computer Simulation of Plant and Animal Growth

Effects of Cattle Lice on Gains of Cattle Fed Varied Nutrition Levels

Bypass Protein from Blood Meal in Range Supplements

Ammonia Treatment of Wheat Straw

Estrous Synchronization Programs Utilizing Utalyse

Endocrine Regulation of Puberty in the Beef Heifer

Dietary Energy Intake Influence-Reproductive Hormone Secretion in Beef Heifers I

Dietary Energy Intake Influence-Reproductive Hormone Secretion in Beef Heifers II

Genetic Trend in Weaning Weight

Genetic Gain Bias in Weaning Weight Estimated Breeding Values

Selection Applied in Three Lines of Hereford Cattle

Response (Estimated and Predicted) to Selection in …

Breed Comparisons For Age And Weight At Puberty In Gilts, L. K. Hutchens, R. L. Hintz, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Data on 213 purebred and 524 crossbred gilts produced in a four-breed diallel crossing design involving the Duroc (D), Yorkshire (Y), Landrace (L) and Spotted (S)breeds were analyzed for age and weight at puberty. The breed of sire x breed of dam interaction was significant for both age and weight at puberty. However, differences among reciprocals were not significant, and thus, reciprocal means were combined. Crossbreds were younger (7.9 d) and heavier (1.2 kg) at puberty than purebreds. Significant heterosis for age at puberty was found for D X L (-14.3 d),S x D (-12.8 d) and S x L …

Derivation Of Henderson's Method Of Incorporating Artificial Insemination Sire Evaluations Into Intraherd Prediction Of Breeding Values, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A derivation is given for the method proposed by Henderson to incorporate evaluations of sires based on daughter records in other herds into the intraherd prediction of breeding values. The derivation consists of pretending the daughters in other herds have records which have been adjusted for the herd-year-season effects of their origin. These equations then are absorbed into the equation for the sire which is tied to both sets of daughters by elements of the inverse of the matrix of relationships.

Effect Of Source Of Pig, Housing System, And Receiving Diet On Performance Of Purchased Feeder Pigs, M. C. Brumm, E. R. Peo, Jr., S. R. Lowry, A. Hogg

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of source of pig, housing system and receiving diet on performance of purchased feeder pigs. Pigs purchased from distant auction markets (DM) gained slower for the first 13 d post-arrival (P<.01, trials 1 and 2) than pigs of similar size purchased from local, one-owner sources (LS).

Testosterone Feedback On Fsh Secretion In Male Sheep, M. J. D'Occhio, B. D. Schanbacher, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Testosterone-filled Silastic capsules were implanted into mature rams at the time of castration (wethers). After 6 weeks, a tonic pattern of FSH secretion was observed in rams, wethers and wethers implanted with testosterone. Castration caused serum concentrations of FSH to increase 4-5-fold. Relatively low serum concentrations of testosterone (25-50% of intact ram values) did not significantly affect FSH secretion in wethers, but wethers exposed to concentrations of testosterone equivalent to those of intact rams had serum concentrations of FSH similar to those of intact rams. We suggest that testosterone feedback can account for the gross differences in FSH observed between …

Oxidation Rates Of Major Fatty Acids In Fasting Neonatal Pigs, R. D. Boyd, R. A. Britton, H. Knoche, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo Jr., R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Thirty-two pigs were used to compare the oxidation rates of uniformly labeled (U-14C) palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids in fasting neonatal pigs. The pigs were allowed to nurse the sow for 24 to 48 h following birth. Subsequently, they were removed, an indwelling catheter was surgically placed in the external iliac vein and the pigs were fasted for 12 h to attain a postabsorptive state. The ¹⁴C fatty acids were administered as a single infusion (10 / μCi) via the catheter, and recovery of the label as expired ¹⁴CO₂ was determined at …

Effect Of Pregnancy On Disease Resistance, Rita C. Manak

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

During pregnancy, the immune response of cattle has an altered potential to overcome infection than during an open period. Several mechanisms seem to control this immune response, and they are being currently researched.

Influence Of Energy Intake During Lactation On The Interval From Weaning To First Estrus In Sows, D. E. Reese, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, Dwayne R. Zimmerman, J. E. Kinder, W. W. Stroup, Win Butler

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A total of 191 crossbred sows were used to determine the effect of energy intake during one lactation on (1) sow and pig performance and (2) the percentage of sows in estrus by 7, 14, 21 and 70 d post-weaning. Sows received 8 (Lo) or 16 (Hi) Meal of metabolizable energy (ME)/d (Exp. 1 and 2) and 8 (Lo), 12 (Md) or 16 (Hi) Meal of ME/d (Exp. 3) during a 28-d lactation period. All sows were fed an equal amount of crude protein, vitamins and minerals that met or exceeded the recommendations of the National Research Council.

Influence Of Energy Intake During Lactation On Subsequent Gestation, Lactation And Postweaning Performance Of Sows, D. E. Reese, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, Dwayne R. Zimmerman, J. E. Kinder, W. W. Stroup, Win Butler

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Forty-four second parity crossbred sows were used to determine (1) the effect of energy intake during their first lactation (Lac 1) on subsequent reproductive performance from re-breeding to farrowing and (2) the effect of energy intake during two successive lactations on performance during the second lactation (Lac 2) and post-weaning periods. Sows received 8 (Lo) or 16 (Hi) Meal of metabolizable energy (ME)/d during Lac 1 and 5.4 Mcal of ME/d during the subsequent gestation.

Selection For Lean Growth In Swine, Erik R. Cleveland, P. J. Cunningham, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Growth rate (ADG) and back fat (BF) data were collected during five generations of selection in two lines of Gene Pool pigs (14-breed synthetic): select (S) and control (C). C were randomly selected, while mass selection was practiced in the S line with an index (I), I = 100 + 286.6 (ADG) - 39.4 (BF). S and C pigs were fed a 14% protein, corn-soybean meal diet from 42 d of age until they reached 79.4 kg.

Individual And Maternal Additive And Heterotic Effects On 205-Day Weight In Beef Cattle, M. D. Macneil, C. A. Dinkel, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Weaning weight records on 47,652 calves in 371 contemporary groups were obtained from the South Dakota Beef Cattle Improvement Association and used to estimate breed individual and maternal additive effects and heterotic effects on 205-d weight. A mixed model was used. Individual additive effects were -22.6 ± 1.3 kg for Red Angus, -19.0 ± 1.1 for Hereford, -12.2 ± .9 for Angus, -11.5 ± 3.1 for Polled Hereford, -10.1 ± 2.2 for Shorthorn, -7.5 ± 4.9 for Tarentaise, 5.3 ± 1.6 for Gelbvieh, 9.5 ± 1.8 for Limousin, 11.4 ± 3.1 for Chianina, 12.4-± 1.2 for Charolais, 14.6 ± 1.2 …

Selection With Restriction In Cattle, E. Niebel, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Application of new and accurate methods of estimating breeding values and systematic selection based on performance characters have increased the complexity of animal breeding. Negative correlations between the most important characters may be involved, especially in the selection of dairy and beef cattle. This problem demands efficient selection models to maximize genetic improvement of some economic traits and simultaneously to restrict other antagonistic traits to a certain genetic change. We have established a general theory of selection indexes with constraints to impose fixed and proportional restrictions when several selection indexes containing different information sources are applied. A detailed description of …

Comparison Of First Lactations And All Lactations Of Dams To Predict Sons’ Milk Evaluations, P. A. Murphy, R. W. Everett, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Multiple regression of genetic evaluations of about 170 Holstein bulls on sire, dam, and maternal grandsire genetic evaluations indicated that the partial regression coefficient for the sire is similar to the theoretical regression coefficient (.45 vs..50), that the regression coefficient for the dam is much smaller than the theoretical regression coefficient when all records of the dam including her first are included in her evaluation (.12 vs..35), although about as expected when only first records of the cow and her herdmates are used (.33 vs..35), and that the regression for the maternal grandsire is larger than expected when his proof …

Monte Carlo Study Of Genetic Groups In Sire Evaluation, T. R. Famula, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Fixed genetic groups have been defined arbitrarily in linear models for sire evaluation. This simulation examined genetic groups under several selection strategies. Sires with highest estimated transmitting abilities were selected to have sons and additional female progeny. The process of evaluation and selection of sires and dams was continued for four generations. Final estimates of transmitting ability were compared to actual transmitting ability for several sire evaluation models on 300 simulated data sets. Genetic groups defined by generation increased the accuracy of estimating sire transmitting abilities over ignoring genetic groups when selected dams and sires of young bulls were mated. …