Animal Sciences Commons^™

Relationship Of Underline Scores And Production Traits In Beefmaster Cattle, Bryan R. Kutz

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to establish the relationship of underline scores (UDLS), production traits, and conformation scores in Beefmaster cattle born between 1976 through 2008. Records provided by Beefmaster Breeders United (BBU) were analyzed. Certified classifiers approved by the BBU recorded scores. Sizes and shapes of the underlines differentiated the scores (1-4). A score of one was used to designate the least amount of navel flap or sheath and a score of four represents the maximum amount of naval flap or sheath accepted for registration in the BBU. In this study the relationship of the traits was determined …

Climate-Driven Impacts On Himalayan Aquatic Biodiversity: A Case Study Involving Snowtrout (Cyprinidae: Schizothorax), Riri Wiyanti Retnaningtyas

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Monitoring biodiversity, to include its relative dispersal and contraction, has become a conservation task of great importance, particularly given the catastrophic and ongoing loss of habitat due to climate change. However, the timing, direction, and magnitude of these rates vary across taxa and ecosystems. Predicting specific impacts of climate change can thus be difficult and this, in turn, hampers management action. Metrics are needed to not only quantify contemporary requirements of species, but also predict potential distributions that fluctuate in lockstep with climate.

Montane ecosystems in the Himalayas are highly impacted by climate change, yet remain largely understudied due to …

Effects Of Hatch Window And Nutrient Access In The Hatcher On Performance And Processing Yields Of Broilers Reared With Equal Hatch Window Representation, Joshua R. Deines, F. Dustan Clark, Doug E. Yoho, R. Keith Bramwell, Samuel J. Rochell

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of feed and water availability in hatching baskets on broiler performance, processing yield, and organ weights while considering the influence of hatch window. Cobb 500 eggs were transferred into illuminated hatchers with two hatching basket types [control (CTL) hatching baskets with no nutrients provided or baskets containing feed and water (FAW)]. Chicks were pulled sequentially to establish four hatch window periods (HWP): early, pre-peak, post-peak, or late. Chicks were then held for 4 h at the hatchery without nutrient access and subsequently reared in 26 floor pens designated as CTL …

Effects Of Dietary Fibers, Micronutrients, And Phytonutrients On Gut Microbiome: A Review, Kaleigh E. Beane, Mersady C. Redding, Xiaofan Wang, Jeong Hoon Pan, Brandy Le, Cara Cicalo, Suwon Jeon, Young Jun Kim, Jin Hyup Lee, Eui-Cheol Shin, Ying Li, Jiangchao Zhao, Jae Kyeom Kim

Animal Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a magnitude of bacteria, which are collectively known as the gut microbiome. Research has demonstrated that the gut microbiome significantly impacts the health of its host and alters the host’s risk for various chronic diseases. Many factors, such as diet, could potentially be manipulated to alter the host gut microbiome and induce subsequent preventative and/or therapeutic effects. It has been established that diet partakes in the regulation and maintenance of the gut microbiome; however, specific crosstalk between the microbiome, gut, and host has not been clearly elucidated in relation to diet. In this review of …

Effect Of Lactylate And Bacillus Subtilis On Growth Performance, Peripheral Blood Cell Profile, And Gut Microbiota Of Nursery Pigs, Xiaofan Wang, Tsungcheng Tsai, Xiaoyuan Wei, Bin Zuo, Ellen Davis, Tom Rehberger, Samantha Hernandez, Evelien J.M. Jochems, Charles Maxwell, Jiangchao Zhao

Animal Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

To evaluate the effects of lactylate and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, complete blood cell count, and microbial changes, 264 weaning pigs were assigned to four treatments (1) control (Con) basal diets that met the nutrient requirement for each phase, (2) 0.2% lactylate (LA), (3) 0.05% Bacillus subtilis strains mixtures (BM), or (4) the combination of LA and BM (LA+BM) added to the control basal diet at their respective inclusion rates in each of the three phases. Dietary lactylate tended to increase weight gain, significantly increased feed intake, and reduced fecal total E. coli and enterotoxigenic E. coli counts during …

Assessment Of Lippia Origanoides Essential Oils In A Salmonella Typhimurium, Eimeria Maxima, And Clostridium Perfringens Challenge Model To Induce Necrotic Enteritis In Broiler Chickens, Makenly E. Coles, Aaron J. Forga, Roberto Señas-Cuesta, Brittany D. Graham, Callie M. Selby, Alvaro J. Uribe, Blanca C. Martinez, Jaime A. Angel-Isaza, Christine N. Vuong, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Billy M. Hargis, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The objective of the present research was to evaluate dietary supplementation of essential oils from Lippia origanoides (LEO) on necrotic enteritis (NE). Chickens were randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1: negative control; Group 2: positive control challenged with Salmonella typhimurium (day 1), Eimeria maxima (day 18), and C. perfringens (CP, days 22-23); Group 3: dietary supplementation LEO and challenged. On d 25 of age, serum samples were collected to evaluate fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d), superoxide dismutase (SOD), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), Immunoglobulin A (IgA). Group 3 showed a significant reduction of the harmful effects of induced infection/dysbiosis and a significant reduction …

Evaluation Of Three Formulations Of Essential Oils In Broiler Chickens Under Cyclic Heat Stress, Jared Ruff, Guillermo Tellez Jr., Aaron Forga, Roberto Señas-Cuesta, Christine N. Vuong, Elizabeth S. Greene, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Alvaro J. Uribe, Blanca C. Martinez, Jaime A. Angel-Isaza, Sami Dridi, Clay J. Maynard, Casey M. Owens, Billy M. Hargis, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The objective of the present research was to assess the dietary supplementation of three formulations of essential oils (EO) in chickens under heat stress (HS). Day-of-hatch Cobb 500 chicks (n = 500) were randomly distributed into four groups: 1. HS control + control diets; 2. HS + control diets supplemented with 37 ppm EO of Lippia origanoides (LO); 3. HS + control diets supplemented with 45 ppm LO + 45 ppm EO of Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) + 300 ppm red beetroot; 4. HS + 45 ppm LO + 45 ppm RO + 300 ppm natural betaine. Chickens that received …

Research Note: Application Of An Escherichia Coli Spray Challenge Model For Neonatal Broiler Chickens, C. M. Selby, B. D. Graham, L. E. Graham, K. D. Teague, B. M. Hargis, G. Tellez-Isaias, C. N. Vuong

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an opportunistic pathogen often introduced to neonatal chicks during the hatching process. This commensal bacterium, particularly as a pioneer colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract, can have substantial implications in the rearing of poultry because of reduced flock performance. In order to mimic the effects of the natural bacterial bloom present during the hatch, a seeder challenge model was developed to expose neonatal chicks to virulent E. coli. On day 20 of embryogenesis, selected early hatched chicks (n = 18/hatcher) were briefly removed and sprayed challenged with saline (vehicle) or E. …

The Effect Of Feeding Adequate Or Deficient Vitamin B6 Or Folic Acid To Breeders On Methionine Metabolism In 18-Day-Old Chick Embryos, J. Lu, J. T. Weil, P. Maharjan, M. K. Manangi, S. Cerrate, C. N. Coon

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Three isotopic tracers ([2,3,3-²H₃]-L-serine, [²H₁₁]-L-betaine, and [1-¹³C]-L-methionine) were administered by amnion injection into 18-day-old chick embryos to investigate the kinetics of methionine metabolism. The embryos utilized were from eggs collected from 34-week-old Cobb 500 broiler breeders that were fed either a control diet containing folic acid (1.25 mg/kg diet) and pyridoxine HCl (5 mg/kg diet) or diets devoid of supplemental pyridoxine or folic acid. Intermediate metabolites of methionine metabolism and polyamines were analyzed in 18-day-old chick embryos. There were no differences in hepatic [²H₂] methionine or …

Detection Of Woody Breast Condition In Commercial Broiler Carcasses Using Image Analysis, Juan P. Caldas-Cueva, A. Mauromostakos, X. Sun, Casey M. Owens

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Image analysis could be an objective and rapid method to identify woody breast (WB) myopathy and benefit the global poultry industry. The objective of this study was to determine if there are conformational changes that can be used to detect WB characteristics in commercial broiler carcasses across strains, gender, and ages using image analysis. A total of 900 images of male and female broiler carcasses from commercial standard and high breast-yielding strains and 5 ages (6 through 10 wk) were captured before evisceration. These images were processed and analyzed using ImageJ software. Conformational measurements were M0: breast length; …

Use Of Image Analysis To Identify Woody Breast Characteristics In 8-Week-Old Broiler Carcasses, Juan P. Caldas-Cueva, A. Mauromostakos, X. Sun, Casey M. Owens

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Woody breast (WB) condition causes significant economic losses to the global poultry industry, and the lack of an objective and fast tool to identify this myopathy is a contributing factor. The aim of this study was to determine if there are broiler carcass conformation changes that can be used to identify WB characteristics using image analysis. Images of 8-wk-old male broiler carcasses (n = 544) of high breast-yielding strains were captured before evisceration, which were processed and analyzed using ImageJ software. Measurements were as follows: M0, breast length; M1, breast width in the cranial region; M2, one-fifth of …

Migration Phenology And Patterns Of American Woodcock In Central North America Derived Using Satellite Telemetry, Joseph D. Moore, David E. Andersen, Tom Cooper, Jeffrey P. Duguay, Shaun L. Oldenburger, C. Al Stewart, David G. Krementz

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

American woodcock Scolopax minor (hereafter woodcock) migration ecology is poorly understood, but has implications for population ecology and management, especially related to harvest. To describe woodcock migration patterns and phenology, we captured and equipped 73 woodcock with satellite tracking devices in the Central Management Region (analogous to the Mississippi Flyway) of North America and documented migration paths of 60 individual woodcock and 87 autumn or spring woodcock migrations during 2014-2016. Woodcock migration at the scale of the Central Management Region was more synchronous in spring than in autumn, but unlike most other migratory birds, average duration of autumn migration (31 …

Phytogenic Water Additives Improve Broiler Growth Performance Via Modulation Of Intermediary Metabolism-Related Signaling Pathways, Joshua J. Flees, Nima K. Emami, Elizabeth Greene, Bhaskar Ganguly, Sami Dridi

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

A ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) has fueled and promoted scientific research towards the identification of reliable and effective alternatives. The supplementation of phytogenics AV/SSL12 (AVSSL) and Superliv Gold (SG) in water has been shown to improve broiler feed efficiency (FE) via modulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides. However, their effects on peripheral metabolic pathways are still unknown. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of AVSSL and SG on lipid and protein metabolism-associated pathways in various tissues. Day-old male Cobb 500 chicks (n = 288) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups, with 8 …

Identification Of Snps Associated With Stress Response Traits Within High Stress And Low Stress Lines Of Japanese Quail, Steven Shumaker, Bhuwan Khatri, Stephanie Shouse, Dongwon Seo, Seong Kang, Wayne Kuenzel, Byungwhi C. Kong

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Mitigation of stress is of great importance in poultry production, as chronic stress can affect the efficiency of production traits. Selective breeding with a focus on stress responses can be used to combat the effects of stress. To better understand the genetic mechanisms driving differences in stress responses of a selectively bred population of Japanese quail, we performed genomic resequencing on 24 birds from High Stress (HS) and Low Stress (LS) lines of Japanese quail using Illumina HiSeq 2 × 150 bp paired end read technology in order to analyze Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within the genome of each line. …

Development Of A Wild-Type Escherichia Coli Environmental Bloom Model To Evaluate Alternatives To Formaldehyde Fumigation In Broiler Chicken Hatch Cabinets, B. D. Graham, C. M. Selby, L. E. Graham, K. D. Teague, G. Tellez-Isaias, B. M. Hargis, C. N. Vuong

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Horizontal transmission of opportunistic Escherichia coli during hatch can have detrimental effects on early performance, particularly as pioneer colonizers. Commercially, formaldehyde is often applied in the United States to combat the bacterial bloom that occurs inside of the hatching environment. The purpose of these experiments was to develop a replicable E. coli horizontal challenge model to evaluate alternatives to formaldehyde sanitation applied to the hatching environment. In experiment 1, two trials were conducted for 2 wild-type (WT) E. coli isolates (isolate 1 [I1] or isolate 2 [I2]) to determine the appropriate in ovo challenge …

Research Note: Phytobiotics Modulate The Expression Profile Of Circulating Inflammasome And Cyto(Chemo)Kine In Whole Blood Of Broilers Exposed To Cyclic Heat Stress, Elizabeth S. Greene, Nima K. Emami, Sami Dridi

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Heat stress (HS) is a critical concern to the poultry industry as it affects both productivity and well-being. Various managerial and nutritional strategies have been proposed to mitigate the negative effects of HS in chickens, with plant-based additives showing promise. Recently, we reported the positive effect of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on growth performance in HS birds. Owing to the antioxidant nature of these compounds, we sought to further explore the effect of PFA on whole blood circulating chemokines, cytokines, and inflammasomes in HS broilers. Broilers (600 males, 1 d) were randomly assigned to 12 …

Effects Of Dietary Energy Levels On Performance And Carcass Yield Of 2 Meat-Type Broiler Lines Housed In Hot And Cool Ambient Temperatures, Pramir Maharjan, Katie M. Hilton, Garrett Mullenix, Jordan Weil, Antonio Beitia, Nawin Suesuttajit, Cole Umberson, Diego A. Martinez, Justina Caldas, Antonio Kalinowski, Nadia Yacoubi, Victor Naranjo, Judith A. England, Craig N. Coon

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Two meat-type broiler lines, line A and line B were fed experimental diets from 22-42 d with objectives to determine the effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) levels on feed intake (FI), performance, body composition, and processing yield as affected by environmental grow-out temperatures. Two thousand fifty male chicks from line A and 2,050 male chicks from line B were reared in 90-floor pens, 45 chicks per pen utilizing primary breeder nutrition and husbandry guidelines for starter (110 d) and grower (11-21 d) phases. Experimental finisher diets consisted of 5 increasing levels of apparent nitrogen corrected …

Phytogenic Feed Additives Improve Broiler Feed Efficiency Via Modulation Of Intermediary Lipid And Protein Metabolism-Related Signaling Pathways, Joshua J. Flees, Bhaskar Ganguly, Sami Dridi

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Diets enriched with phytogenic feed additives (PFA) such as AV/HGP/16 premix (AVHGP), Superliv concentrate premix (SCP), and bacteriostatic herbal growth promotor (BHGP) with essential oils have been shown to improve feed efficiency (FE) in broilers. This FE improvement was achieved via modulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides, which results despite feed intake reduction, in increased breast yield without changes in body weight compared to the control group. To gain further insights into the mode of action of these PFA, the present study aimed to determine the potential involvement of signaling pathways associated …

Structural Changes In The Oral Microbiome Of The Adolescent Patients With Moderate Or Severe Dental Fluorosis, Qian Wang, Xuelan Chen, Huan Hu, Xiaoyuan Wei, Xiaofan Wang, Zehui Peng, Rui Ma, Qian Zhao, Jiangchao Zhao, Jianguo Liu, Feilong Deng

Animal Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Dental fluorosis is a very prevalent endemic disease. Although oral microbiome has been reported to correlate with different oral diseases, there appears to be an absence of research recognizing any relationship between the severity of dental fluorosis and the oral microbiome. To this end, we investigated the changes in oral microbial community structure and identified bacterial species associated with moderate and severe dental fluorosis. Salivary samples of 42 individuals, assigned into Healthy (N=9), Mild (N=14) and Moderate/Severe (M&S, N=19), were investigated using the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. The oral microbial community structure based on Bray Curtis and Weighted …

Instrumental Texture Analysis Of Chicken Patties Prepared With Broiler Breast Fillets Exhibiting Woody Breast Characteristics, Juan P. Caldas-Cueva, A. Mauromostakos, Casey M. Owens

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Potential applications of chicken meat with the woody breast (WB) condition in further processed products could provide processors with alternatives to deal with this meat quality problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of broiler breast fillets at varying degrees of WB severity and proportions on instrumental texture characteristics of chicken patties. A total of 54 breast fillets were collected from broilers processed as per commercial practices, previously classified based on tactile evaluation in 3 WB categories (normal [NOR]; mild [MIL], and severe [SEV]). Instrumental …

Evaluation Of Curcumin And Copper Acetate Against Salmonella Typhimurium Infection, Intestinal Permeability, And Cecal Microbiota Composition In Broiler Chickens, Anaisa A. Leyva-Diaz, Daniel Hernandez-Patlan, Bruno Solis-Cruz, Bishnu Adhikari, Young Min Kwon, Juan D. Latorre, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Benjamin Fuente-Martinez, Billy M. Hargis, Raquel Lopez-Arellano, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

Interest in the use of natural feed additives as an alternative to antimicrobials in the poultry industry has increased in recent years because of the risk of bacterial resistance. One of the most studied groups are polyphenolic compounds, given their advantages over other types of additives and their easy potentiation of effects when complexes are formed with metal ions. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation of copper acetate (CA), curcumin (CR), and their combination (CA-CR) against Salmonella Typhimurium colonization, intestinal permeability, and cecal microbiota composition in broiler chickens through a …

In Vitro Characterization Of Chicken Gut Bacterial Isolates For Probiotic Potentials, Anita Mandal, Rabindra K. Mandal, Yichao Yang, Bhuwan Khatri, Byung-Whi Kong, Young Min Kwon

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Probiotics often play an important role in improving gut health in chickens through multiple mechanisms, including enhancement of tight junctions, nutrient acquisition, niche colonization, or coaggregation with enteric pathogens. The objective of this study was to characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the gut of healthy broiler chickens for a number of phenotypes that might be indicative of good probiotic potentials. A total 40 bacterial isolates were isolated from 3-week-old chickens using Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar plates. The bacterial isolates were evaluated in vitro for motility, autoaggregation, pathogen inhibition, pH of overnight culture, …

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Morphology Of Rathke’S Glands In The Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macrochelys Temminckii (Chelonia: Chelydridae), Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

I examined the morphology of Rathke’s glands (RG) in the Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macrochelys temminckii, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This species possesses 4 pairs of RG (i.e., an axillary and three inframarginals) that are embedded beneath marginal bones and are named primarily according to the anatomical location of their orifices. These holocrine-type, exocrine, integumentary glands are anatomically and ultrastructurally similar to one another. Each gland contains a single and highly vascularized secretory lobule, which is bounded by a thick tunic of asymmetrically-arranged striated muscle bundles. Two types of secretory vacuoles were identified within the holocrine cells …

Energy Content Of Seeds Of Palmer’S Pigweed (Amaranthus Palmeri) In The Diet Of Scaled Quail (Callipepla Squamata) In Southeastern New Mexico, John L. Hunt, Matthew E. Grilliot, Troy L. Best, Isaac C. Castillo, Paige E. Eddington, Faith A. Johnson, Tyneshia L. Kilgore, Jacob H. Courson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Palmer’s pigweed (Amaranthus palmeri) is a common grassland plant that occurs across much of North America. It is often considered a weed but is an important source of food for many game birds. We analyzed the energy content of seeds of Palmer’s pigweed obtained from the crops of scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) collected from plains-mesa sand-scrub habitat in Eddy and Lea counties, New Mexico. Seeds were dried for 48 hours at 60°C to remove moisture and then analyzed for gross caloric value (i.e., energy content) in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. Energy content of seeds of Palmer’s …

Bird Usage Of Black Marasmius Fibers As Nest Material, Haris Rana, Shayla Smithson, Jack Jackson, Ragupathy Kannan

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Black Marasmius fungal fibers have been frequently observed in neotropical bird nests. We tested to determine if superior tensile strength and temperature moderation contributes to why these fibers are preferred by some species over other available nesting materials. Marasmius fibers from nests of Yellow-olive Flycatchers (Tolmomyias sulphurescens) were compared to grass fibers from a Yellow-tailed Oriole (Icterus mesomelas) nest from the same area in Belize, Central America. We measured tensile strengths by a universal strength tester which stretched the fibers to their breaking point. We also used HOBO data loggers to compare the temperature differential between …

Letter From The Dean, Deacue Fields

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Faculty Editor, Beth Kegley

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 22 2021, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.