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South Dakota State University

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Articles 1111 - 1140 of 1392

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Cow Efficiency Pre- And Postweaning, C.A. Dinkel, W.J. Cosello Jan 1986

Cow Efficiency Pre- And Postweaning, C.A. Dinkel, W.J. Cosello

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Total energy intake of the cow for a year is not indicative of her efficiency at weaning or her net return to the enterprise. What is important is how she uses the energy she consumes. Likewise, cow size is not indicative of efficiency or net return. Breed differences probably exist , but they are not as important as individual differences in cow efficiency. Breed differences in postweaning efficiency were found only when efficiency was calculated on a cow basis and the cow's annual intake was included. Remember this is a cow efficiency study and the effect of different sires or …

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Whey Ultrafiltration Permeate Products As Feeds For Steers, D.J. Schingoethe, D.G. Rollins, D.P. Casper, W.J. Costello Jan 1986

Whey Ultrafiltration Permeate Products As Feeds For Steers, D.J. Schingoethe, D.G. Rollins, D.P. Casper, W.J. Costello

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

A field trial experiment was conducted using 50 steers t o evaluate the feeding value of the ultrafiltrated permeate of whey (UFP) and products made from additional processing of UFP. All steers were fed nutritionally balanced grain mixes and hay. Experimental diets were control (C), in which the grain mix contained primarily corn, oats and soybean meal; UFP fed as the only liquid; partially fermented permeate (PFP), which contained 10% dried yeast added to the ultrafiltrated permeate, fed as the only source of liquid; fermented ammoniated condensed permeate (FACP), which replaced soybean meal in the grain mix; and ammolac (AMM), …

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Effect Of Antibiotics In Adaptation Of Growing Beef Calves To The Feedlot, Richard M. Luther Jan 1986

Effect Of Antibiotics In Adaptation Of Growing Beef Calves To The Feedlot, Richard M. Luther

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Four medication schemes for adapting stressed feeder calves t o the feedlot were evaluated in a 110-day trial. A total of 160 Hereford, Angus and Hereford x Angus steers (544 lb.) were fed a high-corn silage diet supplemented with the following medications: (1) nonmedicated control, (2) chlortetracyclinesulfamethazine (350 mg/steer of each compound for 28 days, (3) oxytetracycline (2 g/steer) for 10 days, then 1 g/steer for 4 days) and (4) oxytetracycline (2 g/steer for 14 days). Average daily gain, dry matter consumption and feed conversion were similar (P>.05) for calves in all treatments. None of the steers required additional …

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Effects Of Sodium Diacetrate On Corn Silage Chemical Characteristics, Preservation And Feedlot Performance Of Growing Beef Steers, Richard M. Luther Jan 1986

Effects Of Sodium Diacetrate On Corn Silage Chemical Characteristics, Preservation And Feedlot Performance Of Growing Beef Steers, Richard M. Luther

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Whole-plant corn forage ensiled a t 65% moisture and stored in concrete stave silos for 200 days was fed in high-silage diets to growing beef steers. Approximately 84 tons of dry matter were stored in each of two silos. One silo contained forage which was untreated, while the other contained forage treated with sodium diacetate a t 1 lb. per ton of wet forage. Differences in feedlot performance of growing steers or in various chemical characteristics between untreated and sodium diacetate-treated corn silage were small and not significant (P>.05). Both silages had a desirable pH (3.8) and contained over …

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Whole Shelled Corn With And Without Sodium Bicarbonate For Finishing Beef Steers, Richard M. Luther, M. Goetz Jan 1986

Whole Shelled Corn With And Without Sodium Bicarbonate For Finishing Beef Steers, Richard M. Luther, M. Goetz

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

A total of 160 steers were fed a whole corn-no roughage diet without a buffer or with sodium bicarbonate at a level of .87% of the dry diet . The finishing period of 112 days followed the feeding of a high corn silage diet. Overall feed intake. weight gains and feed conversion were similar (P>.05) for steers supplemented with sodium bicarbonate as for those that did not receive the buffer. Small period differences in performance that were observed between treatments were not significant (P>.05). Carcass characteristics were similar for the control and sodium bicarbonate treatments.

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Prevention Of Silica Urinary Calculi In A Laboratory Animal Model, Royce J. Emerick, Carl J. Schreier, Donghao Lu Jan 1986

Prevention Of Silica Urinary Calculi In A Laboratory Animal Model, Royce J. Emerick, Carl J. Schreier, Donghao Lu

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

An animal model utilizing Sprague-Dawley rats fed a diet containing 2% of tetraethylorthosilicate (TES) has been used to study urinary conditions and dietary factors preventing silica urinary calculi . The basal TES diet produced approximately a 50% incidence of silica urinary calculi. Supplemental dietary phosphorus and the urinary acidifying agent ammonium chloride greatly reduced the urinary calculi incidence, while supplemental dietary calcium and urine alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate increased the incidence. The protection from silica urinary calculi provided by sodium or ammonium phosphate compounds was found to be independent of their urinary acidifying effects, and the effects of phosphates and …

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Effects Of Level Of Energy Supplement In Early Winter And Level Protein After Calving On Beef Cows Grazing Native Range, R.J. Pruitt Jan 1986

Effects Of Level Of Energy Supplement In Early Winter And Level Protein After Calving On Beef Cows Grazing Native Range, R.J. Pruitt

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Simmental-Angus crossbred cows grazing native range near Cottonwood, SD, were fed two precalving levels of energy supplement and two postcalving levels of protein supplement. Cow weight change and reproductive performance were similar for all treatments. Although calves from cows supplemented with higher levels of energy gained faster from birth to early May, gains to weaning were similar for all treatments.

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Hydrolyzed Feather Meal As A Protein Supplement For Steer Calves Fed Corn Silage, Rh. Pritchard, R.M. Luther, M.A. Robbins Jan 1986

Hydrolyzed Feather Meal As A Protein Supplement For Steer Calves Fed Corn Silage, Rh. Pritchard, R.M. Luther, M.A. Robbins

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM) was evaluated for soybean meal replacement value in corn silage diets fed t o steer calves. One hundred ninety-two steers (692 lb) were fed corn silage diets formulated to contain 11.5% crude protein. Hydrolyzed feather meal was substituted for soybean meal at levels providing 0, 25, 50 or 75% of the supplemental protein. Overall performance for the 98-day feeding trial was as follows: 2.10 lb average daily gain; 17.91 lb/day dry matter (DM) intake and 8.58 DM/gain. Protein supplements had no effect on performance, indicating that cost per unit protein is the primary consideration when formulating …

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Evaluation Of An Acid Hydrolyzed Wood By-Product As An Energy And Protein Source In Rumiant Diets, Rh. Pritchard, A. N' Daiye Jan 1986

Evaluation Of An Acid Hydrolyzed Wood By-Product As An Energy And Protein Source In Rumiant Diets, Rh. Pritchard, A. N' Daiye

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

An acid hydrolyzed wood pulp (AHWP) product that had been buffered with NH4OH was evaluated as a potential feedstuff for ruminant diets. The finely ground low dry matter (33%) material was evaluated for acceptability, digestibility and protein feeding value. In vitro fermentation indicated that fermentable dry matter was extremely low, 35.1%. Diets were not readily consumed by cattle if they contained > 60% AHWP. In vivo dry matter digestibility (DMD) coefficients where AHWP replaced corn as 0, 15, 30 or 45% of the diet were 76.5, 69.3, 65.6 and 78.5%, respectively. A similar response was noted for crude protein and acid …

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Development Of An In Vivo Model To Determine The Biological Value Of Microbial Protein, T. Fritz, R.H. Pritchard Jan 1986

Development Of An In Vivo Model To Determine The Biological Value Of Microbial Protein, T. Fritz, R.H. Pritchard

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

A semi-purified diet (SPD) was fed to 12 wether lambs and one fistulated wether and evaluated for acceptability and ability to support growth. Ruminal pH and NH3 were monitored throughout the diet adaptation period. Treatments included three levels of dry matter intake; low intake (LI) 750 g-hd-l. d-l, medium intake (MI) 1125 g-hd-l..d-l and high intake (HI) 1500 g-hd-l.d-l. Digestibility of dry matter (DM, 70.6%), acid detergent fiber (ADF, 62.8%), nitrogen (N, 72.8%) and percentage digestible nitrogen retained (33.2%) were not different across intake levels. Indigestible ADF of the semi-purified diet appears to be a suitable solid phase marker for …

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Sdsu Purebred Beef Herds, R.J. Pruitt, R.N. Haigh Jan 1986

Sdsu Purebred Beef Herds, R.J. Pruitt, R.N. Haigh

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

A herd of purebred Angus and Simmental cows is maintained near the SDSU campus that is used for teaching. research and extension activities. Cattle maintained at this unit are made available for Introductory Animal Science. meats, animal breeding. beef production. and livestock evaluation courses. Current research under the direction of Dr. Herley Miller is reported in another paper in this publication. Besides use in the classroom. cattle are used for the annual SDSU Little International. field days and numerous 4-H and FFA and other educational events. In addition to providing research information and an opportunity for education, we hope this …

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1986 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extention Service, South Dakota State University Jan 1986

1986 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extention Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

We are pleased to present this, our first annual SDSU BEEF REPORT. It is a compilation of research reports and applied information relating especially to the beef cattle industry. The papers included in this report have been prepared by SDSU research and extension scientists, not only in the Department of Animal and Range Sciences, but also in Chemistry, Economics, Dairy Science, Plant Science and Veterinary Science. Since some of the projects from which results are reported are still in progress, the preliminary nature of the results should be recognized. For the reader's convenience, the articles included are grouped by specific …

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Lactational And Systemic Responses To The Supplementation Of Protected Methionine In Soybean Meal Diets, Daniel J. Illg Jan 1986

Lactational And Systemic Responses To The Supplementation Of Protected Methionine In Soybean Meal Diets, Daniel J. Illg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The high producing dairy cow requires a complex balance of protein and energy. Microbial protein provides a substantial amount of the amino acids absorbed by the small intestine. High production rates cannot be attained with microbial protein as .the sole source of amino acids. The ten classical essential amino acids are required for milk protein synthesis. Increasing the amount of available amino acids to the mammary gland has improved casein production, indicating substrate availability as a controlling factor to milk protein synthesis. A major portion of the nitrogen component of milk is derived from free plasma amino acids. Uptake by …

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Inhibition Of Psychrotrophic Bacterial Growth In Refrigerated Milk By Addition Of Carbon Dioxide, Robert Francis Roberts Jan 1986

Inhibition Of Psychrotrophic Bacterial Growth In Refrigerated Milk By Addition Of Carbon Dioxide, Robert Francis Roberts

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The advent of on-farm refrigerated storage for raw milk in the late 1940's and its subsequent adoption by North American dairyman 'during the next 20 years essentially eliminated spoilage of milk by lactic acid bacteria. However, refrigeration does not prevent growth of all microorganisms present in raw milk (9, 33, 51, 52, 54, 55). Many microorganisms capable of growth at refrigeration temperatures, termed psychrotrophic bacteria, are present as normal contaminants in raw milk supplies. For purposes of clarity, psychrotrophic microorganisms have been defined as microorganisms capable of growth at 7°C or below regardless of their optimum growth temperature (9). Milk …

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A Comparison Of High-Performance Short-Duration And Repeated-Seasonal Grazing Systems, Jerry David Volesky Jan 1986

A Comparison Of High-Performance Short-Duration And Repeated-Seasonal Grazing Systems, Jerry David Volesky

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Six replications of l-herd 16-subunit High-Performance Short-Duration (HPSDG) and Repeated-Seasonal (RSG) (May-Sep.) grazing system treatments were compared during 1983 and 1984 at the Cottonwood Range and Livestock Research Station located in western South Dakota. Calves and lambs were allotted to the experimental pastures in sets approximately equal on an animal unit basis. Animal numbers were adjusted with put-and-take sets to attain planned forage levels for each cycle of rotation in HPSDG and comparable end of season forage use levels in both treatments. The HPSDG system was operated with four cycles of rotation that had 1, 2, 2 and 3 occupation …

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Nutritional Factors Modifying Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome In Caged Laying Hens, Chandi C. Rakshit Jan 1986

Nutritional Factors Modifying Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome In Caged Laying Hens, Chandi C. Rakshit

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Three experiments each with two phases were conducted to study the effect of different levels of distillers dried grain (DDG), fat, oats and a mixture of oats and DDG on Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) in caged laying hens. The second phase of each experiment was conducted by force-feeding the same diets used in the first phase at 120% of their normal intakes. This produces FLHS and thereby permits studying the effect of diets. During the force-feeding period of the third experiment, serum estradiol levels of hens from each treatment and each type of feeding were measured to study the …

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Implanting Effects On Performance, Carcass Characteristics And Reproductive Parameters In Intact Beef Males, Shirley J. Gordon Jan 1986

Implanting Effects On Performance, Carcass Characteristics And Reproductive Parameters In Intact Beef Males, Shirley J. Gordon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The research presented herein was designed to determine the effects of post-weaning implanting on performance, carcass characteristics, hormonal profile and reproductive parameters.

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1985 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University Jan 1985

1985 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

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Extruded Blend Of Soybean Meal And Sunflower Seeds For Dairy Cattle In Early Lactation, James K. Drackley Jan 1985

Extruded Blend Of Soybean Meal And Sunflower Seeds For Dairy Cattle In Early Lactation, James K. Drackley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

An extruded blend of 44% crude protein soybean meal (50%), sunflower seeds (45%), and premix (5%) was evaluated as a protein and energy source for dairy cows in early lactation. Thirty Holstein cows (24 multiparos and 6 primiparous) were assigned to either a corn-oats-soybean meal concentrate (SBM) or a concentrate where soy-sunflower blend replaced all soybean meal and portions of corn and oats (SSF). Dry matter of total mixed diets was 36% corn silage, 21% alfalfa haylage, and 43% concentrate. Yields of milk (33.6 and 33.8 kg/day) and 4% fat-corrected milk (30.9 and 30.5 kg/day) were similar for cows fed …

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Protected Methionine And Heat-Treated Soybean Meal For High-Producing Dairy Cows, Che-Ming Jimmy Yang Jan 1985

Protected Methionine And Heat-Treated Soybean Meal For High-Producing Dairy Cows, Che-Ming Jimmy Yang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The effectiveness of a rumen-protected methionine preparation was studied as an amino acid source for high-producing dairy cows during wk 4 through 16 postpartum. Twenty-four Holstein cows (14 primiparous and 10 multiparous) were fed concentrate containing heat-treated· soybean meal without or with 50 g/cow/day of added ruminally protected methionine product which provided 15 g of added DL-methionine daily. Cows were fed 16% crude protein mixed diets containing 30% of dry matter as corn silage, 15% as alfalfa hay, and 55% as concentrate. Milk production and composition were adjusted for pretreatment values (3 wk postpartum) by analysis of covariance. Adjusted milk …

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Evaluation Of Urea And Dried Whey In Diets Of Cows During Early Lactation, David Paul Casper Jan 1985

Evaluation Of Urea And Dried Whey In Diets Of Cows During Early Lactation, David Paul Casper

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Previous research indicated that soluble nitrogen may be utilized more efficiently for rumen microbial production in diets containing dried whey. To further evaluate this, 33 Holstein, cows (30 multiparous and 3 primiparous) were fed one of three concentrate mixes containing all natural proteins (SBM). 1% urea (U), or 1% urea and 30% dried whey (UDW) from wk 3 through 16 postpartum. Urea replaced portions of the soybean meal in the SBM mix while dried whey replaced portions of the corn and soybean meal. Cows were fed total mixed rations consisting of 40% (dry matter basis) corn silage, 10% alfalfa hay, …

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Comparative Nutritive Value Of Soybean Meal, Sunflower Meal, And Meat And Bone Meal For Egg Production, Smart M. Oruseibio Jan 1985

Comparative Nutritive Value Of Soybean Meal, Sunflower Meal, And Meat And Bone Meal For Egg Production, Smart M. Oruseibio

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two experiments were conducted over a period of two years to evaluate the comparative nutritive value of soybean meal, sunflower meal, and meat and bone meal. Experiment 1 consisted of 864 Babcock--3OO pullets randomly distributed into twelve diet treatments. Each treatment was replicated six-times with twelve birds per unit. Layers diets were formulated at 16, 14, and 12% protein levels with and without amino acid supplementation. The 12% amino acid supplemented level served as the control in the experiment. Soybean meal, sum-lower meal, and eat_ and bone meal were utilized as major sources of protein supplement in yellow-corn based diets. …

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Effects Of Partial Homogenization Of Milk On Yield And Quality Of Cheddar Cheese, Anand Rao Jan 1985

Effects Of Partial Homogenization Of Milk On Yield And Quality Of Cheddar Cheese, Anand Rao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the past decade, the cheese industry in the United States (US) has grown rapidly, with cheese sales increasing by 33% (36). The cheese industry, in 1983, utilized 29.2% of total US milkfat supply as compared to 20.3% utilization in 1973 (36). Compared to the total cheese production of 2,059,2Z8 kg (4,539,822 lb) in 1982, 2,185,611 kg (4,818,449 lb) of cheese were manufactured in 1983 in the .US (36). The increased production of cheese was made possible by modifications in the cheese making process and advent of modern equipment; and it was fostered by increased demand .and higher prices. One …

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Evaluation Of Yield And Quality Of Cheddar Cheese Manufactured From Milk With Added Whey Protein Concentrate, Kirk Alan Baldwin Jan 1985

Evaluation Of Yield And Quality Of Cheddar Cheese Manufactured From Milk With Added Whey Protein Concentrate, Kirk Alan Baldwin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Large quantities of whey are produced as a by-product from the manufacture of cheese or casein. The United States has an annual cheese production of about 2.2 billion kg. The cheese industry has also experienced a steady increase in cheese production of about 6% a year (44). In the process, nearly 18.1 billion kg of whey are produced. Whey was once a discarded product of little value to the cheese producers. With the advent of laws and regulations governing the disposal of whey, whey became a problem that had few solutions. Even today, with the high cost of disposal and …

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Identification Of Volatile Compounds Produced By Brevibacterium Linens That Inhibit Molds, Samuel E. Beattie Jan 1985

Identification Of Volatile Compounds Produced By Brevibacterium Linens That Inhibit Molds, Samuel E. Beattie

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mold contamination of processed food and its raw ingredients is a major concern in agriculture. Although at one time mold contamination of cheese and other foods was considered to be of little conse9uence, discovery of carcinogenic and/or teratogenic toxins (73) produced by molds commonly associated with food has changed this innocuous and frequent inconvenience into a serious health consideration. The presence of mold on or in cheese is a common occurrence, indeed, many cheeses depend upon molds to provide characteristic cheese flavor and texture. Cheeses such as blue, Roquefort, Camembert, and Brie are ripened under controlled conditions by species of …

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1984 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University Mar 1984

1984 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

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The Manufacture Of Cheddar Cheese Using Vacuum Concentrated Milks, Charles A. Bemis Jan 1984

The Manufacture Of Cheddar Cheese Using Vacuum Concentrated Milks, Charles A. Bemis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The United States (US) cheese industry has grown rapidly in the past decade. From 1971 to 1981, milk fat utilization for cheese manufacture increased from 17.7 to 27.6% of the total US milk fat supply, accompanied by a 49% increase in sales of cheese per capita (34). Offsetting substantial increases in sales and prices for cheeses, there have been marked increases in the cost of labor, energy, waste treatment, raw materials, and equipment. Hence, the manufacturers are realizing narrower profit margins. As a survival mechanism, cheesemakers have sought to maximize cheese yields per unit of milk, since increases in cheese …

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Environmental, Nutritional, And Physiological Factors Associated With Hoof Growth And Wear In Holstein Cows, Lisa Hartson Bemis Jan 1984

Environmental, Nutritional, And Physiological Factors Associated With Hoof Growth And Wear In Holstein Cows, Lisa Hartson Bemis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Environmental, nutritional, and physiological parameters associated with hoof growth and wear were evaluated using data from 140 Holstein cows in five herds. Growth and wear of the dorsal and lateral regions of the front and rear outside claws were measured at approximately 2 mo intervals over a 14 mo period. Housing facilities varied from continuous confinement on concrete to confinement in dirt lots and included loafing sheds, free stall barns, and one comfort stall facility with rubber mats. Lateral hoof regions grew 24% faster than dorsal regions in the front and 20% faster in the rear hooves. Rear hooves grew …

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Factors In Ultrafiltration And Thermal Concentration Of Whey Affecting Commercial Lactose Crystallization, Howard Henry Bonnemann Jan 1984

Factors In Ultrafiltration And Thermal Concentration Of Whey Affecting Commercial Lactose Crystallization, Howard Henry Bonnemann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The source for lactose production in the United States is almost exclusively sweet (low acid) whey which is the byproduct of cheese manufacture. Its extraction from the whey is motivated largely by pressures to utilize whey components to advantage. The ability to recover lactose efficiently is important to the manufacturers because they are in business ·to make a profit. At current market prices this profit margin will be difficult to realize unless an operation is fairly large a11d quite efficient. However, when considering the alternative of disposing of whey or its components, including lactose, as waste instead of attempting to …

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The Effects Of Calcium Hydroxide Treatment Of Sunflower Seeds On Ration Digestibility And Rumen Parameters In Holstein Steers, Ann C. Spearow Jan 1984

The Effects Of Calcium Hydroxide Treatment Of Sunflower Seeds On Ration Digestibility And Rumen Parameters In Holstein Steers, Ann C. Spearow

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Digestibilities of rations containing 10% (dry matter basis) oil-type, rolled sunflower seeds treated with three levels- of calcium hydroxide were compared using .a randomized complete block design. Forty-eight Holstein steers were fed one of six completely mixed rations consisting of (DM basis) 44% corn silage, 10% chopped alfalfa hay, and 46% concentrate mix. Concentrate mixes contained: CSM = control; SCS =control+ 22% sunflower seeds; SCL = SCS + 3.5% additional limestone; SCH2, SCH4, and SCH8 = SCS + 2, 4, and 8% calcium hydroxide (% sunflower seed DM), respectively. Total rations were isonitrogeneous at approximately 16% crude protein and isocaloric …

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