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Articles 91 - 120 of 767
Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Preliminary Phylogeneic Analyses Of The Erotylidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Erotylidae) Based On Molecular Data, James A. Robertson, Dr. Michael F. Whiting
Preliminary Phylogeneic Analyses Of The Erotylidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Erotylidae) Based On Molecular Data, James A. Robertson, Dr. Michael F. Whiting
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The Cucujoidea, a very diverse beetle superfamily, includes mycophagous and wood consuming beetles. Within the Cucujoidea is the family Erotylidae (pleasing fungus beetles). The Erotylidae includes 125 genera and approximately 2,500 species, and has a worldwide distribution. Erotylids are known for their striking coloration, including black with yellow, red, orange and even pink and purple (Boyle 1956). The current hypothesis of erotylid phylogeny is based exclusively on adult morphology and was not formulated using rigorous phylogenetic methodology. Hence phylogenetic relationships of the major lineages within this family are dubious. Since erotylid beetles exhibit such striking aposematic coloration, a well-supported phylogeny, …
The Effects Of Phytoestrogen Diets On Rats Exhibiting Tendencies For Cancerous Growth In Reproductive Tissue, Jason Hatch, Dr. R. Ward Rhees
The Effects Of Phytoestrogen Diets On Rats Exhibiting Tendencies For Cancerous Growth In Reproductive Tissue, Jason Hatch, Dr. R. Ward Rhees
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In recent years, phytoestrogens (nonsteroidal, estrogen-like substances found in plant sources such as beans, rice, soy and wheat) have received extensive investigative research. However, current information about the amount of phytoestrogens in human diets is limited (4). Scientific research has alluded to possible benefits of diets high in phytoestrogens based on epidemiological studies done on Asian and Eastern European cultures (2). These studies indicate that consumption of a phytoestrogen-rich diet, as seen in traditional Asiatic societies, is possibly associated with a lower risk of the so-called “Western” diseases such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis (3). Epidemiological, …
Phylogeny And Evolution Of The Freshwater Crayfish Family Parastacidae (Crustacea Decapoda), Michael Jonathan Carlson, Dr. Keith A. Crandall
Phylogeny And Evolution Of The Freshwater Crayfish Family Parastacidae (Crustacea Decapoda), Michael Jonathan Carlson, Dr. Keith A. Crandall
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Freshwater crayfish of the family Parastacidae consist of 14 genera distributed in the Southern Hemisphere: nine are endemic to Australia, one to Madagascar, one to New Zealand, and three to South America (southern Chile and Brazil). Although this family has been studied for several years (e.g. Huxley, 1880), the evolutionary relationships among the taxa are still unclear (Crandall et al., 1999). Recently, Crandall et al. (2000) demonstrated the utility of combining mitochondrial (16S) and nuclear (18S and 28S) ribosomal genes to resolve deep and shallow phylogenetic relationships among crayfish. Thus, a more extensive molecular study, using these regions and …
Histology: A Student’S Comprehensive Lab Manual And Corresponding Cd, Jon Christopher Kerr, Dr. Richard A. Heckmann
Histology: A Student’S Comprehensive Lab Manual And Corresponding Cd, Jon Christopher Kerr, Dr. Richard A. Heckmann
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of this project was to provide a comprehensive and accurate text for the study of histology–the microscopic study of cells and tissues. In order to facilitate this study, appropriate text corresponding to over 400 histological images was prepared. This manual explains the images, defines and describes the histological and physiological significance of the tissues, and provides an avenue to better understanding of the functions and mechanisms of the human body. Accompanying this manual is a computer-generated program incorporating histological slides, explanatory notes, mock quizzes, tests and a review section. To further augment the learning process, mock quizzes (in …
Identification Of The Activator Proteins For The Dna-Protein Interaction Of A Primary Cartilage Enhancer, L. Daniel Holsinger, Dr. Laura Bridgewater
Identification Of The Activator Proteins For The Dna-Protein Interaction Of A Primary Cartilage Enhancer, L. Daniel Holsinger, Dr. Laura Bridgewater
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Abstract: The Human col11 2 gene is responsible for the production of type XI collagen, one of the three components of the collagen triple helix. Disruption of this gene results in varied problems including dwarfism, osteoarthritis and possibly cleft palate. In order to understand more about this gene, a series of experiments were carried out to identify proteins involved in its expression in cartilage-producing Chondrocytes. More specifically, based on what was learned in previous research, efforts were made to isolate the DNA sequences that encode those proteins acting as activators of three known enhancer elements in Chondrocyte cells. Using …
Premature Onset Of Osteoarthritis Due To A Col11a1 Gene Mutation, Victoria Ryder, Dr. Robert Seegmiller
Premature Onset Of Osteoarthritis Due To A Col11a1 Gene Mutation, Victoria Ryder, Dr. Robert Seegmiller
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cartilage collagen mutations can alter the load-bearing properties of articular cartilage (AC), possibly leading to premature osteoarthritis. AC consists mainly of types II, VI, IX, X, and XI collagen.1 Collagen fibrils in AC are heteropolymers of types II, IX, and XI collagen2. Type II is the major constituent, making up 95% of the fibril, while types IX and XI are minor components. Collagen fibrillar meshwork is essential as it gives AC its structural and tensile strength. Type XI collagen plays a role in dictating fibril diameter, thus playing a role in the AC’s strength. Mutations in the Col11a1 gene can …
Identifying Protein-Binding Sites In The Enhancer Region Of The Col11a2 Gene, Trevor Ellison, Dr. Laura C. Bridgewater
Identifying Protein-Binding Sites In The Enhancer Region Of The Col11a2 Gene, Trevor Ellison, Dr. Laura C. Bridgewater
Journal of Undergraduate Research
An enhancer is a DNA sequence that regulates a gene’s expression. It is the binding of proteins to a gene’s enhancer region (at its protein-binding sites) that regulates that gene’s expression in the cell. The Col11a2 gene is activated almost solely in chondrocytes (cartilage cells) (Lui et al., 1995) through this same type of protein binding. The Col11a2 gene is responsible, in part, for the formation of type XI collagen. Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause abnormalities ranging from skeletal deformities to hearing loss.
Analysis Of Microvesicles To Determine Susceptibility To The Enzyme Phospholipase A2, Brent Brimhall, Joseph Callister
Analysis Of Microvesicles To Determine Susceptibility To The Enzyme Phospholipase A2, Brent Brimhall, Joseph Callister
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Microvesicles are small membrane-bound spheres released from certain cells undergoing the decay process. Little is known today about their properties and function at the cellular level. It is hypothesized that microvesicles play a role in cancer metastasis through the action of metalloproteinases enclosed within these spheres. Metalloproteinases are enzymes that act to break up the extracellular matrix of cells. This matrix serves as a type of glue that holds groups of cells together. Without this extracellular matrix in place cells are allowed to break free and migrate to other places of the body. In the case of cancerous cells this …
Treesaap: A Phylogenetic Approach To Identifying Selective Influences On Amino Acid Properties, Steven Woolley, Dr. David Mcclellan
Treesaap: A Phylogenetic Approach To Identifying Selective Influences On Amino Acid Properties, Steven Woolley, Dr. David Mcclellan
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The program TreeSAAP measures the selective influences on several structural and biochemical amino acid properties during phylogenesis (the history of genealogical development) and performs goodness-of-fit and categorical statistical tests.
Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions Of Nuclear Ribosomal Dna As A Tool For Phylogenetic Reconstruction, Melissa E. Hardy, Dr. Keith Crandall
Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions Of Nuclear Ribosomal Dna As A Tool For Phylogenetic Reconstruction, Melissa E. Hardy, Dr. Keith Crandall
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Phylogenetic trees are an estimate of genealogical relationships among groups of organisms. They are reconstructed by analyzing homologous nucleic acid sequences from different organisms and deriving an evolutionary relationship from the similarity in sequences.
Genetic Analysis Of The Mountain Whitefish, Prosopium Williamsoni, Daniel C. Hambleton, Dr. Dennis K. Shiozawa, R. Paul Evans
Genetic Analysis Of The Mountain Whitefish, Prosopium Williamsoni, Daniel C. Hambleton, Dr. Dennis K. Shiozawa, R. Paul Evans
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Although currently part of the Bonneville Basin system, Bear Lake was once connected to the Snake River system of southeastern Idaho 40,000 years ago. Subsequent geological activity disrupted the exchange of fish populations between the Snake River and Bear Lake.
Producing A Transgenic Mouse, Michael Hatch, Dr. David Kooyman
Producing A Transgenic Mouse, Michael Hatch, Dr. David Kooyman
Journal of Undergraduate Research
One of the greatest challenges in the world today is providing adequate nutrition for all, particularly in third world nations. One potential way to improve worldwide nutrition is to use transgenic animals to create a better livestock base. Transgenic animals can potentially be bigger, stronger, and better producers of meat and milk than their non-transgenic counterparts. The purpose of this research project was to produce transgenic mice, serving as a model for what could potentially occur with larger mammals with more agricultural value, such as cows or pigs.
Development Of An Antibody To Utx Protein, Joanna L. Cheatham, Dr. Randy L. Bennett
Development Of An Antibody To Utx Protein, Joanna L. Cheatham, Dr. Randy L. Bennett
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Tribolium castaneum, red flour beetle, is an organism whose development is being studied and compared to that of Drosophila melanogaster. The particular goal of this study was to develop an antibody to Tribolium’s UTX protein, so it’s expression may be monitored during embryonic and larval development.
Evolutionary Relationships Of Genera In The Lizard Family Iguanidae, Bruce W. Christensen, Dr. Jack W. Sites
Evolutionary Relationships Of Genera In The Lizard Family Iguanidae, Bruce W. Christensen, Dr. Jack W. Sites
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The family Iguanidae contains eight living genera of large, herbivorous lizards that by virtue of their size occupy important ecological niches wherever they are found. They are important elements of the food web, both as seed dispersers and prey for other animals, including humans (1). Of ecological and evolutionary significance, the family also contains several island endemics, including iguanas in the Carribean and on the Tongan, Fijian, and Galapagos archipelagoes.
Ecology, Phylogenetics, And Conservation Of Draba Asterophora Complex: A Rare, Alpine, Endemic From Lake Tahoe, Usa, Emily Ruth Smith Putnam
Ecology, Phylogenetics, And Conservation Of Draba Asterophora Complex: A Rare, Alpine, Endemic From Lake Tahoe, Usa, Emily Ruth Smith Putnam
Theses and Dissertations
Rare, alpine, endemic species are particularly at risk for extinction. Alpine environments are especially vulnerable to climate change and human impacts, such as ski resort development and snowmaking. Draba asterophora Payson is a rare, alpine species that occurs only in three disjunct mountain-top regions surrounding Lake Tahoe. It is currently threatened by human impacts, such as ski resorts, as well as indirect influences of climate change and therefore in need of better understanding for conservation purposes. Draba asterophora may be able to serve as a case study for other similarly vulnerable, rare, alpine, endemic species with conservation needs. We utilized …
Post-Fire Interactions Between Soil Water Repellency, Islands Of Fertility, And Bromus Tectorum Invasibility, Kaitlynn Jane Fernelius
Post-Fire Interactions Between Soil Water Repellency, Islands Of Fertility, And Bromus Tectorum Invasibility, Kaitlynn Jane Fernelius
Theses and Dissertations
An intrinsic link exists between soil moisture and soil nitrogen. Factors that increase or decrease soil moisture can have a profound effect on soil nitrogen cycling, which may have later repercussions in the plant community. Post-fire soil water repellency is one factor that can limit soil moisture acquisition and may indirectly affect nitrogen cycling and weed invasion in woody islands of fertility. Plots centered on burned Juniperus osteosperma trees were either left untreated or treated with a surfactant to ameliorate water repellency. Two years later, soils were excavated from the untreated and treated field plots. In the greenhouse, half of …
Certain Agave Species Exhibit The Capability To Be Moderately Productive Under Conditions Of High Salt And Drought Stress, Steven J. Bergsten
Certain Agave Species Exhibit The Capability To Be Moderately Productive Under Conditions Of High Salt And Drought Stress, Steven J. Bergsten
Theses and Dissertations
Water availability and arable lands are increasingly limiting resources in many parts of the U.S., particularly in semi-arid and arid regions. As a means of addressing food and fuel demands associated with burgeoning population growth, highly productive and water-use efficient crops need to be identified. One potential crop, Agave, merits consideration and evaluation due to its putative capability to provide sustenance and energy despite growing in water-limited regions and on marginal soils. However, little is known regarding the productivity these succulent plants will have under growing conditions of the Southwest, where high concentrated saline soils are abundant, and water is …
Understory Vegetation Response To Mechanical Mastication Of Piñon And Juniper Woodlands, Jordan Ann Bybee
Understory Vegetation Response To Mechanical Mastication Of Piñon And Juniper Woodlands, Jordan Ann Bybee
Theses and Dissertations
Piñon and juniper encroachment and infilling can alter ecosystem processes and decrease resilience and resistance in sagebrush grasslands. Land managers employ a variety of techniques to eliminate these trees and mitigate their negative effects. Mechanical mastication or shredding is an increasingly popular method of removing these trees in Utah. It is a versatile treatment that can reduce canopy fuels, increase infiltration, and reduced sediment loss. We compared vegetation cover for annual and perennial vegetation functional groups on shredded and adjacent unshredded areas across a range of sites. Our approach was to categorize sites by ecological site type (encroachment or tree) …
Population Genetic Structure Of Bromus Tectorum In The American Desert Southwest, Desiree Rochelle Eldon
Population Genetic Structure Of Bromus Tectorum In The American Desert Southwest, Desiree Rochelle Eldon
Theses and Dissertations
Following its introduction to North America in the late nineteenth century, Bromus tectorum L., an inbreeding invasive winter annual grass, has become dominant on millions of hectares of sagebrush steppe habitat throughout Intermountain Western North America. It appears that within the last 30-40 years, B. tectorum has expanded its range southward into the Mojave Desert and also into more climatically extreme salt desert environments. Previous research using microsatellite markers and experimental studies has suggested that lineages found in desert habitats are genetically distinct from those found in the sagebrush-steppe habitat and possess suites of traits that pre-adapt them to these …
Habitat Selection By Two K-Selected Species: An Application To Bison And Sage Grouse, Joshua Taft Kaze
Habitat Selection By Two K-Selected Species: An Application To Bison And Sage Grouse, Joshua Taft Kaze
Theses and Dissertations
Population growth for species with long lifespans and low reproductive rates (i.e., K-selected species) is influenced primarily by both survival of adult females and survival of young. Because survival of adults and young is influenced by habitat quality and resource availability, it is important for managers to understand factors that influence habitat selection during the period of reproduction. My thesis contains two chapters addressing this issue for K-selected species in Utah. Chapter one evaluates habitat selection of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercusurophasianus) on Diamond Mountain during the critical nesting and brood-rearing period. Chapter two address selection of birth sites by bison (Bison …
Exploring Post-Fire Recovery Of Biocrusts And Desert Ecosystem Services, Jason R. Bahr
Exploring Post-Fire Recovery Of Biocrusts And Desert Ecosystem Services, Jason R. Bahr
Theses and Dissertations
Biocrusts and the ecosystem services they provide are becoming more susceptible to fire as exotic annual grass invasions facilitate the spread of desert wildfires. Further, precipitation patterns across the western United States are predicted to change over the next century, and have the potential to dramatically influence fire regimes and the recovery of burned biocrusts. Despite these changes to desert fire and precipitation cycles, our understanding of post-fire biocrust recovery is limited, especially regarding the first two years after fire. To investigate biocrust recovery, we created burn manipulations (i.e., unburned and burned) and tracked crust form and function over two …
Importance Of Placement Depth In Evaluating Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus, And Sulfur Using Ion Exchange Resin Capsules In Semi-Arid, Low Fertility Soils, Rachel Lynn Buck
Importance Of Placement Depth In Evaluating Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus, And Sulfur Using Ion Exchange Resin Capsules In Semi-Arid, Low Fertility Soils, Rachel Lynn Buck
Theses and Dissertations
Ion exchange resin capsules provide a possible alternative to conventional soil testing procedures. Previous studies with semi-arid, low fertility soils observed poor relationships with poorly mobile nutrients such as phosphorus (P). We propose that placement depth may improve those relationships. Our objective was to (1) determine if placement depth could improve resin capsule estimation of the bioavailability of nitrogen (N), P, and sulfur (S) and (2) to determine if resin capsules can effectively estimate S availability in semi-arid, low fertility soils. Field sites were established in Rush and Skull Valleys, Utah on loam and sandy loam soils, respectively. Fertilizer was …
Habitat Selection And Nesting Ecology Of Snowy Plover In The Great Basin, Kristen Sue Ellis
Habitat Selection And Nesting Ecology Of Snowy Plover In The Great Basin, Kristen Sue Ellis
Theses and Dissertations
Snowy plovers (Charadrius nivosus) are small, ground-nesting shorebirds that are a species of conservation concern throughout North America. Despite increased efforts to understand factors contributing to the decline of snowy plover, little is known about habitat selection and breeding ecology of snowy plover for the large population found in the Great Basin. We tested hypotheses concerning the occupancy and nesting success of snowy plover. First, we identified factors influencing snowy plover nest survival at Great Salt Lake, Utah. We hypothesized that snowy plover would demonstrate differences in nest survival rates across years due to differences in habitat characteristics, predator abundance, …
Analytical And Toxicological Assessment Of Carp Collected From Utah Lake, Holly Clayton, Dr. Richard Kellems
Analytical And Toxicological Assessment Of Carp Collected From Utah Lake, Holly Clayton, Dr. Richard Kellems
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The June sucker was once the most abundant fish species in Utah Lake and its tributaries. Since April 30, 1986, the June sucker has been on the endangered species list. Some declines in species abundance is due to the competition of nonnative species and degraded water quality, both which can be attributed to the amount of common carp in Utah Lake. The June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program (JSRIP) desires to resolve the concerns of water development and large numbers of nonnative, sportfish predators and competitors by removing nearly all the common carp from Utah Lake.
The Analysis Of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Pcb) In Common Carp, Phydee John Heng, Dr. Richard O. Kellems
The Analysis Of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Pcb) In Common Carp, Phydee John Heng, Dr. Richard O. Kellems
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were first introduced into Utah Lake in 1881 with large numbers being imported between 1881 and 1903. Common carp ages 2+ years have an estimated population of 5.9 million in Utah Lake . A risk assessment, based on four categories of effects (i.e., predation, competition, abundance, habitat destruction), ranked common carp as the nonnative species with the highest potential for conflict with June Sucker recovery .
Factors Underlying Invasive Grass Fire Regimes In The Mojave Desert And Its Consequences On Plant And Animal Communities, Kevin J. Horn
Factors Underlying Invasive Grass Fire Regimes In The Mojave Desert And Its Consequences On Plant And Animal Communities, Kevin J. Horn
Theses and Dissertations
Climate change and exotic plant invasions are significant anthropogenic threats to desert community structure and resilience . In the Mojave Desert, the invasive grass red brome (Bromusrubens L) is increasing fire frequency and extent in response to climatic factors. The resilience of this ecosystem will be affected by how plant and animal communities respond to fire. To better understand these dynamics, we studied the environmental factors underlying changes in invasive grass fire regimes in the Mojave Desert and its structural and functional effects on plant and animal communities. Following fire, reestablishment of native vegetation can be preempted by repeated burning …
The Bromus Tectorum-Pyrenophora Semeniperda Pathosystem, Heather Finch
The Bromus Tectorum-Pyrenophora Semeniperda Pathosystem, Heather Finch
Theses and Dissertations
Variable mortality of Pyrenophora semeniperda--infected Bromus tectorum seeds has been referred to as a "race for survival", stating that seeds that germinate quickly are more likely to escape pathogen-caused mortality. Dormancy status is not the only variable determining outcomes within the Bromus-Pyrenophora pathosystem. Varying temperature and exposure to water may strongly influence germination outcomes of B. tectorum when in the presence of P. semeniperda. Low water potentials characteristic of semi-arid soils are often over-looked in the context of seed pathogens, and are ecologically relevant- especially for plant species that inhabit intermittently dry environments. To adequately characterize the Bromus tectorum-Pyrenophora semeniperda …
The Seed Ecology Of Rare And Endangered Gibbens' Beardtongue (Penstemon Gibbensii) And Blowout Penstemon (Penstemon Haydenii), Kassie Lorraine Tilini
The Seed Ecology Of Rare And Endangered Gibbens' Beardtongue (Penstemon Gibbensii) And Blowout Penstemon (Penstemon Haydenii), Kassie Lorraine Tilini
Theses and Dissertations
Penstemon gibbensii and Penstemon haydenii are two rare, perennial forbs inhabiting remote areas of the western United States. P. gibbensii is listed as a sensitive species by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming (Heidel, 2009). P. haydenii was designated as Endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1987 (Heidel, 2012). This thesis research was geared toward helping land managers in their efforts to protect and rehabilitate these species by providing understanding on different aspects of their seed ecology. My first study was a laboratory experiment performed on P. gibbensii and P. haydenii seed …
Resource Legacies And Priming Regulate Microbial Communities In Antarctica's Dry Valleys, Sabrina Deni Saurey
Resource Legacies And Priming Regulate Microbial Communities In Antarctica's Dry Valleys, Sabrina Deni Saurey
Theses and Dissertations
Multiple mechanisms control bacterial community structure but two in particular, the "legacy" of past environmental conditions, and the "priming" of bacteria to respond to seasonal or reoccurring fluctuations in resources, have the potential to determine both bacterial communities, as well as, temporal shifts in active bacterial taxa. To begin to evaluate the legacy effects of resources on microbial communities, we added four limiting resources annually (i.e., water only; C-mannitol + water; N-NH4NO3 + water; and C, N + water) and measured shifts in bacterial community composition after seven years in a cold desert ecosystem in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. …
Geochemical Evidence Of Ancient Maya Marketplace Activities In The Puuc Hills Of Mexico And At Caracol, Belize, Jacob M. Horlacher
Geochemical Evidence Of Ancient Maya Marketplace Activities In The Puuc Hills Of Mexico And At Caracol, Belize, Jacob M. Horlacher
Theses and Dissertations
The large public plazas of the ancient Maya were likely swept clear of debris and durable artifacts that could have provided evidence of the ancient anthropogenic activities. However, geochemical residues of food or mineral ores and pigments became affixed to soil and floor particles. These particles chemically bound so that natural movement of water is insufficient to cause them to move, leaving invisible geochemical signatures of ancient activities. This line of study is focused on the relationship between the geospatial distribution of element concentrations and ancient human activities using current laboratory techniques and isopleths, or chemical concentration contour maps, to …