Animal Sciences Commons^™

Eradication Of The Liver Fluke In Dairy Cattle, Dave Muirson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In July 1987, a meat inspector found liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) in a cow at an export abattoir at Waroona. This was the first evidence of the liver fluke completing its life cycle in Western Australia. Fortunately, the Department of Agriculture is reasonably confident that a comprehensive drenching programme has eradicated the liver fluke. The establishment of liver fluke in the south-west coastal areas could cause a serious problem for cattle producers and the small number of sheep producers. Stock would need additional drenching, and if it was not carried out effectively production could be lost or stock could die. …

The Hidden Costs Of Beef, Michael W. Fox, Nancy E. Wiswall

eBooks

No abstract provided.

Bulletin No 4151 - Pigs In Western Australia, N W. Godfrey, B M. Goss, H. G. Payne

Bulletins 4000 -

Pig raising was originally a sideline on many Western Australian farms, being a convenient and profitable way to dispose of 'skim' milk on butterfat dairy farms and 'seconds' quality grain on wheat farms.

Most farmers ran pigs in large sties or small paddocks. With little capital tied up in buildings, it was easy to 'get out of pigs' when prices dropped, and get in again when prices improved. This led to a cyclic pattern, with pig numbers rising to a peak every three to four years then falling when low prices caused oversupply.

Dairy farmers in the south-west usually kept …

Finishing Kimberley Cattle In The South-West, Brian L. Mcintyre, Bill Ryan, Neville Macintyre

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The idea of integrating the Kimberley cattle industry with that in the south-west of Western Australia is no new, but until recently it had not been critically evaluated.

Over the past eight years the Department of Agriculture's Beef Cattle Branch has been assessing the performance of Kimberley cattle transported south for finishing in the agricultural areas.

This research has show that Kimberley weaners can be finished in the south, and that under the present (December 1988) economic conditions it is more profitable than running breeding cattle in the south-west and comparable with fattening store steers.

Beefin : Maximizing Profits From Feeding Beef Cattle Out Of Season, R G. Grieve, David Barker, Jim May

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

BEEFIN is a computer model that formulates profit maximising diets for finishing beef cattle to a specified carcass weight and fat thickness. It predicts cattle growth rate, feed conversion ratio, final liveweight, number of days on feed and the amount of available feedstuffs required to finish cattle to specification, The diets fulfil the animal's energy, protien, mineral and roughage requirements.

BEEFIN also calculates a profit and loss budget for the enterprise, performs a sensitivity analysis on changes in the price for both cattle and feed and determines the changes in feed prices needed before the composition of the diet is …

Prospects For Leucaena On The Ord, D Pratchett, Tim Triglone

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

For the past few years, the Department of Agriculture has been fattening cattle on the forage shrub leucaena which is grown under irrigation with pangola grass. About 400ha of leucaena is under commercial production in the Kimberley.

Cattle grazing leucaena show promising growth rates but other problems need to be overcome before its use is more widely adopted. Leucaena establishes slowly. It is also costly to transport fattened cattle to southern abbatoirs.

Adjustment Factors For 120-Day Weaning Weight In Rambouullet Range Lambs, R. M. Lewis, M. Shelton, J. O. Sanders, D. R. Notter, W. R. Pirie, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Additive and multiplicative environmental adjustments for effects of dam age, lamb sex and birth-rearing type on 120-d weight were derived using data from 819 Rambouillet range lambs. The relationship between mean and variance within environmental effect classes was one criterion for evaluating suitability of adjustment methods. Among lamb sexes and birth-rearing types, larger means were associated with greater variability (P < .01). Variances became homogeneous (P > .10) when data were expressed on a logarithmic scale, suggesting that multiplicative adjustments for these effects are needed. Because variances were homogeneous with respect to dam age (P > .50), additive adjustment factors are suggested for this effect. Validation of a …

Weaning Kimberley Cattle Pays Off, D Pratchett, Stuart Young

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Research results show that weaning Kimberley calves when they reach 140kg liveweight is one way of increasing herd productivity by changing management practices. However, removing the bulls from the breeding herd, rather than running them with the cows ywear round as is the practice, does not increase branding percentage.

Performance & Carcass Traits Of Swine Of Four Different Phenotypes & Three Usda Grades, Jon Althaus

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to compare the performance and carcass characteristics of swine of four different phenotypes and three USDA grades.

Hogs were placed into phenotypic groups of 24 each and penned by group. These pens were ideal, cutability, light muscled, fat, VS US and US The hops were fed a 16% corn and soybean meal ration fortified with appropriate minerals and vitamins. They were housed in a total confinement curtain-sided Kentucky plan building with a partially slatted floor. The hogs were weighed at 6-week intervals throughout the project to monitor average daily gain and pen feed efficiency. …

Correlated Responses Of Carcass And Reproductive Traits To Selection For Rate Of Lean Growth In Swine, E. R. Cleveland, R. K. Johnson, P. J. Cunningham

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Mass selection for an index of increased post-weaning average daily gain and decreased backfat thickness was practiced for five generations. Litter size and weight for 221 gilt litters, birth weight and nipple number for 2,242 piglets and weaning weight at 42 d of age for 2,111 pigs were recorded. Carcass measurements were taken on 331 pigs. Differences between means of the lines (select control) were regressed on cumulative selection differential of the index. These regression coefficients were negative (P > .10) for total number born, number born alive, number weaned per litter, nipple number and carcass backfat thickness. Coefficients were …

Relationship Between Herd Management Practices In The Midwest On Milk And Fat Yield, Jeffrey F. Keown

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A dairy management survey was conducted in fall 1985 and spring 1986 in the nine-state area served by the Midstates Dairy Records Processing Center in Ames, IA. The questionnaire, consisting of 57 questions with 254 possible choices, was used to survey dairy producers on DHI testing in Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and South Dakota. The questions covered housing pactices, milking equipment and practices, feeding regimens, calf rearing and feeding, feed additives, various management categories, and artificial insemination usage. The survey responses were merged with the 1985 year end rolling herd production averages from the processing …

Comparisons Of Performance & Carcass Traits Of Littermate Boars & Barrows, Hiromi Hirano

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine differences between littermate boars and barrows for performance and carcass traits in the Iowa and Northeast Iowa Swine Testing Stations. Data were obtained from 917 litters including 1,804 boars and 917 barrows. The data included 1,086 boars and 581 barrows from the Iowa Station at Ames, Iowa, and 718 boars and 336 barrows from the Northeast Iowa Station at New Hampton, Iowa. The Iowa Station data were obtained over a period of 12 seasons from the fall of 1979 through the fall of 1985, and the data from the Northeast Iowa Station …

Effects Of Heating Rate And Endpoint Temperature On The Palatability And Storage Stability Of Precooked Beef Roasts, C.M. Chen, P.S. Dezeeuw, W.J. Costello

South Dakota Beef Report, 1987

The primary objective of this study was to determine the optimal cooking rate and endpoint temperature of a precooking regime for beef roasts which maximizes consumer acceptability and storage stability. Percentage cooking loss and TEA values were minimized when roasts were precooked to the lowest endpoint temperature (45 C, 112 F). I n addition, long-term cooking (heating rate = 16 min/C) improved TEA values (Thiobarbituric acid, a test for oxidative rancidity) for precooked beef roasts. Sensory qualities did not differ (P>.05) due to cooking rate or endpoint temperature. Findings suggest that a low-temperature long-term cooking method optimizes (Pc.05) cooking …

1987 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 1987

This is the complete 1987 South Dakota Beef Report.

1987 Beef Cattle Report, Irvin T. Omtvedt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Acknowledgments

Finishing

Determining Moisture of Grain Using Oven, Microwave, and Moisture Tester

Sarsaponin in Receiving Diets of Feedlot Cattle

Effect of Probiotics: Feedlot Receiving Diets

Effect of Roughage Source in Dry or High Moisture Whole Corn Finishing Diets

High Moisure Corn, Dry Grain Combinations for Finishing Cattle

Dry Corn, Wheat Combinations for Finishing Lambs, Cattle

Dry or Wet Corn Bran or Gluten Feed for Ruminants

Corn Gluten Feed: A Review

Methods of Estimating Heat Damage in Protein Sources

Altering Rumen Degradability of Soybean Meal Using Non-Enzymatic Browning

Slaughter Steer Basis, Nebraska Panhandle

Computer Prediction of Finishing Cattle Performance

Cow-Calf

Nutrition …

Production From Heifers And First Calvers, G J. Sawyer

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Heifers and first calvers present the major problems of the beef breeding herd. Reproduction rates, calf growth and survival of first calvers are generally much poorer than those of adult breeders.

Early successful reproductive performance is important in beef herds because of the high overhead cost of keeping breeding beef heifers or cows, Where possible, beef producers should aim to join heifers at 14 to 15 months of age. To achieve this goal, producers should set production targets for those animals. These targets will differ from farm to farm depending on when calves are turned off and the seasonal feed …

South Dakota Custom Feeding Program, J.J. Wagner

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Seventy-five preconditioned steer calves representing 14 different owners and a variety of breeds were placed on feed at Longacre Farms. Wentworth. South Dakota. in late November and early December. Average days on feed for the 15 groups of five head was 191 (range 181-2071. Average daily gain was 2.6 lb head per day (range 2.26-2.83). Feed efficiency was 8.2 lb dry matter per pound of gain. Feed cost averaged $35.53 per cwt. gain and nonfeed cost averaged $11.84 per cwt. gain. Average cost of gain excluding interest was $47.37 per cwt. (range 43.16-53.741. Average loss was $85.00 per head (range …

Respiratory Viruses And Antibodies In Preconditioned South Dakota Feeder Calves, M.L. Vickers, R.H. Pritchard

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Nasal swabs and blood samples were taken from a t o t a l of 400 calves on a preconditioning evaluation program during 2 years. Fifty calves from each of four South Dakota ranches were divided into preconditioned (PC) and control (CO) groups and sampled both on the ranch and in the feedlot. The preconditioning program followed the recommendations of the South Dakota Beef Cattle Improvement Association and the Extension Service and included vaccination with live virus vaccines for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and parainfluenza-3 virus (PI3). In both years, viruses were isolated from calves on …

Mechanical Treatment And Burning For High Quality Range Forage, F.R. Gartner, E.M. White, R.I. Butterfield

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Annual yields of western wheatgrass and total vegetation were increased on a clayey range site following mechanical treatment. More important to the range manager, year t o year variability in forage production was reduced, since soil moisture is stabilized. Yields of Japanese brome, an annual grass, increased from the second through the fourth growing seasons after treatment. Three consecutive years of abundant fall precipitation beginning in 1980 probably triggered seed germination of this invader plant. Prescribed burning of the mechanical range treatments drastically reduced production of Japanese brome and increased forage quality. Both quantity and quality of western wheatgrass increased …

Pricklypear Cactus Control In Western South Dakota, J.R. Johnson, W.L. Tucker, C.E. Stymiest, E.J. Bowker

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

In a range improvement study, both liquid and pelleted forms of Picloram were effective in controlling pricklypear cactus. Higher rates of chemical hastened control and gave more complete control. At lower rates, cactus was recovering in 1985, the fourth year of study, suggesting that higher rates may be most cost effective. In 1983 noncactus vegetation response was minor. In 1984, "all perennial grass" production increased by more than 50% (312 lb/A) at higher rates of Picloram. Shifts in "cool season" and “warm season" grass components were nonsignificant. In 1985, "cool season grass" was not generally affected by treatments, but "warm …

Effects Of Body Condition On Reproductive Performance Of Beef Cows, P.A. Momont, R.J. Pruitt

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Cows were fed differing nutritional levels before and after calving to create a wide range of cow body condition or fleshiness prior t o calving and at the beginning of the breeding season. Cows that were fleshier prior t o calving and when turned on pasture in early May (30 days prior t o the beginning of the breeding season) had a higher cycling rate in early May, June and July. Cows maintaining or increasing slightly in body condition (precalving to early May) tended to have a higher cycling rate during the breeding season than cows which lost body condition …

Effects Of Bull Exposure On Postpartum Intervals And Reproductive Performance In Beef Cows: A Progress Report, C.D. Naasz, H.L. Miller, B.A. Petijean, R.H. Haigh

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

The effects of bull exposure on time from calving until estrus, conception rates and calving interval were studied for mature beef cows. In the spring of I985 and 1986, cows were randomly allotted to one of two treatment groups. Cows were exposed to vasectomized bulls after calving until breeding or no bull exposure. Cows were heat detected twice daily and blood samples were collected weekly to determine progesterone levels. Heat detection data and progesterone levels indicated onset of estrous cycles occurred earlier in bull exposed cows than non-exposed cows. Conception rates to a timed insemination were not different between the …

Flow Cytometry Evaluation Of Testis And Sperm Cells And Growth Performance Of Bulls Implanted With Zeranol, B.E. Ballachey, H.L. Miller

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Effects of preweaning zeranol implants on reproductive function and growth performance were studied in 45 Simmental-Angus bulls. At slaughter, flow cytometry measurements were made on testicular and sperm cells to determine the effects of zeranol on spermatogenesis. There were no differences in weaning or slaughter weights due to implants. Nonimplanted bulls had larger scrota1 circumferences and heavier testicular weights than bulls given one or two implants. The testes of implanted bulls had a lower proportion of developing germ cells relative to nonimplanted bulls. The DNA in sperm from implanted bulls was structurally less stable (i.e., more susceptible to denaturation) than …

Evaluation Of Holstein Bull Sperm Quality By Flow Cytometry, B.E. Ballachey, L.K. Jost, D.P. Evenson

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Frozen semen samples from Holstein bulls were measured by the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), a new procedure utilizing flow cytometry for the valuation of sperm quality. Fertility ratings of the bulls were known based on their use in artificial insemination matings. Values obtained by the SCSA were highly correlated (r= -.58 P<.01 with bull fertility ratings. Results of this research indicate the SCSA may be a valuable technique for measurement of sperm cell quality and detection of suboptimal fertility in bulls.

Performance Of Flank Spayed Rumen Autografted Heifers, David L. Whittington

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Flank spaying of intact yearling heifers has been a routine procedure for ranchers for several years. Most recently a new technique called rumen autografting has created a lot of interest with ranchers. The technique involves implanting or grafting a small piece of ovarian tissue into the outside lining of the rumen wall. A trial was initiated on May 14, 1986, to compare summer grazing performance of intact flank spayed and rumen autografted heifers with and without a growth implant. The 231 crossbred heifers were randomly allotted to the trial and grazed together for 99 days as one herd. The results …

Effects Of Anabolic Implants On Reproductive Function, Carcass Characteristics And Performance In Postweaned Beef Bulls, S.J. Gordon, H.L. Miller, D.H. Gee, B.A. Petithean

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Angus bulls averaging 620 lb were used to study the effects of implants on performance, carcass characteristics and reproductive parameters of intact males. Sixty-six bulls were randomly assigned to four treatments. These treatments were (1) nonimplanted, (2) implanted with 36 mg of Ralgro every 60 t o 70 days, (3) implanted with 220 mg of Synovex-S every 60 t o 70 days, (4) implanted with 24 mg of Compudose every 180 days. Body weights were taken a t the initiation of the trial and every 28 days. Blood samples were collected v i a jugular venipuncture weekly for 9 weeks …

Comparison Of Ralgro, Compudose And Synovex-C Implants On The Growth Performance Of Yearling Steers, D.L. Whittington

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Growth response to a single implant was measured in yearling steers grazing native range on two ranches in South Dakota. The steers (724 head) were randomly allotted on each ranch to either a Ralgro, Compudose, Synovex-S or no implant treatment. Implants were administered according to manufacturers recommendations. The yearlings were weighed at the time of implanting in the spring and again 116 t o 148 days later. The ears of the steers receiving Compudose were palpated at the end of the trial to determine retention. The weight advantage of implanted steers over controls ranged from 12.1 t o 30.1 lb. …

Comparison Of Ralgro, Compudose And Synovex-C Implants On The Growth Performance Of Suckling Calves, D.L. Whittington

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Growth response to a single implant was measured in suckling steer and heifer calves grazing native range on three ranches in South Dakota, The steers (628 head) were randomly allotted on each ranch to either a Ralgro, Compudose, Synovex-C or no implant treatment. The heifers (714 head) were randomly allotted on each ranch to either a Ralgro, Synovex-C or no implant treatment. Implants were administered according to manufacturers' recommendations. The calves were weighed at the time of implanting and again 163 days later at weaning. The ears of steers receiving a Compudose implant were palpated at weaning to determine retention. …

Effectiveness Of Albendazole Against Parasites And Cow And Calf Performance, H.L. Miller, J. Berthelsen, B.A. Petitjean, R.H. Haigh

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Albendazole was utilized in drench and feed additive form to determine its effectiveness against parasite control, cow weight and conception rate and calf weaning weights. Fecal oocyte number was decreased by administration of Albendazole. Calf weaning weights from treated cows were heavier the first two years (14.5 lb for heifers and 10.5 lb for bulls) but decreased the third year (13 lb and 6 lb for heifers and bulls, respectively). Conception rates were similar between the two groups, with the only difference occurring the third year when control cows had a higher conception rate from the second AI than treated …

Determination Of An Optimal Single Dose Of Famphur Administered Om Combination With Levamisole In A Paste Formulation For Grub Control In Beef Calves, H.L. Miller, R.L. Delay, R. Haigh

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Eighty-nine bull and heifer crossbred beef calves were utilized in five treatments t o determine the effect of famphur administered as a paste for grub control. The five treatments were (1) experimental paste-0% famphur or control (A), (2) experimental paste-14.4% famphur (B), (3) experimental paste-21.6X famphur (C), (4) experimental paste-28.8% famphur (Dl and (5) Warbex famphur pour-on plus tramisol levamisole gel (El. In all treatments in which famphur was administered (B, C, D and E) effective control of grubs was accomplished. Weight gains were 355, 360, 384, 355 and 356 lb for bulls in groups A, B, C. D and …