Agriculture Commons^™

Determination Of In-Row Seed Distribution Uniformity Using Image Processing, Engi̇n Çakir, İkbal Aygün, Arzu Yazgi, Yi̇ği̇t Karabulut

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The objective of this study was to determine the seed distribution uniformity of seeding machines using a low sensitivity (maximum 300 frames per second (fps)) high-speed camera and image processing method for corn, cotton, and wheat seeds under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, a high-speed camera with 100, 200, and 300 fps was used to measure the seed drop from the seeding tube onto the sticky belt. Video images then were transferred to the image processing algorithm, from which seed distribution can be calculated. The calculated measurements were compared statistically with the measurements obtained from sticky belt tests. According to …

Effect Of Wheat Cultivars, Fertilizers, And Fungicides On Fusarium Foot Rot Disease Of Wheat, Davut Soner Akgül, Ali̇ Erkiliç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Fusarium culmorum is a principal causal agent of root, crown, and foot rot disease in the wheat-growing areas of Turkey. The effects of different fertilization practices, fungicide sprays, and cultivar reactions of 12 wheat varieties were investigated for disease development in greenhouse conditions in 2006-2007. The fertilizers used in the experiments significantly reduced disease by 27.5%-54.7% compared to the nonfertilized control. The plants fertilized with calcium ammonium nitrate (26% N) or composite NPK (15%, 15%, 15%) showed fewer disease symptoms than those fertilized with NPK (20%, 20%, 0%) in the presowing applications. On the other hand, foot rot severity was …

Evaluation Of Wheat Genetic Resources Of Azerbaijan On Normal And Saline Fields, Sevinj Nuriyeva, Zeynal Akparov, Elchin Hajiyev, Mehraj Abbasov, Ram C. Sharma

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Genetic variation is a key to successful crop improvement. This study was conducted to evaluate a set of 48 accessions and two controls of hexaploid winter wheat from the gene bank of the Genetic Resources Institute (Azerbaijan) to examine genotypic variation for 11 morphophysiological traits under saline and nonsaline conditions. These accessions belonged to five different botanical groups collected from eight districts in Azerbaijan. Replicated field tests were conducted at Absheron (nonsaline) and Ujar (saline) locations for 3 years. Genotype and genotype × environment biplot analysis was used to determine associations among the accessions and identify superior genotypes for individual …

Impact Of Derived Global Weather Data On Simulated Crop Yields, Justin Van Wart, Patricio Grassini, Kenneth Cassman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Crop simulation models can be used to estimate impact of current and future climates on crop yields and food security, but require long-term historical daily weather data to obtain robust simulations. In many regions where crops are grown, daily weather data are not available. Alternatively, gridded weather databases (GWD) with complete terrestrial coverage are available, typically derived from: (i) global circulation computer models; (ii) interpolated weather station data; or (iii) remotely sensed surface data from satellites. The present study’s objective is to evaluate capacity of GWDs to simulate crop yield potential (Yp) or water-limited yield potential (Yw), which can serve …

Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (Bydv), Claudia Nischwitz, Lyle Holmgren

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes Barley yellow dwarf virus, a worldwide insect pest that infects small grains like barley, wheat, oats and rice, as well as many wild grass species. It describes symptoms, the disease cycle, and management options.

Pathogenic Variability Among Tilletia Indica Isolates And Distribution Of Heterothallic Alleles In The Northwestern Plains Zone Of India, Shabana Parveen, Mahander Singh Saharan, Ajay Verma, Indu Sharma

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Tilletia indica Mitra, the causal agent of Karnal bunt of wheat (KB), is a quarantined disease of international importance whose pathogen shows high variability due to its heterothallic nature. Pathogenic variation was studied under artificially inoculated conditions on 13 wheat genotypes including bread and dicoccum wheat. This study used 34 T. indica isolates collected from 6 major wheat growing states in India (Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh). Mean coefficient of infection of the isolates ranged from 2.11% (KBR4) to 14.60% (KBH1). Among the 13 genotypes screened, only 1 genotype was found to be highly susceptible to …

Stored Grain Pack Factors For Wheat: Comparison Of Three Methods To Field Measurements, Josephine M. Boac, Rumela Bhadra, Mark E. Casada, Sidney A. Thompson, Aaron P. Turner, Michael D. Montross, Samuel G. Mcneill, Ronaldo G. Maghirang

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Storing grain in bulk storage units results in grain packing from overbearing pressure, which increases grain bulk density and storage unit capacity. This study compared pack factors of hard red winter (HRW) wheat in vertical storage bins using different methods: the existing packing model (WPACKING), the USDA Risk Management Agency (RMA) method, and the USDA Farm Service Agency Warehouse Licensing and Examination Division (FSA-W) method. Grain bins containing HRW wheat were measured in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Packing was measured in corrugated steel bins and reinforced concrete bins with diameters ranging from 4.6 to 31.9 m (15.0 to 104.6 ft) …

Potential For Crop Production Increase In Argentina Through Closure Of Existing Yield Gaps, Fernando Aramburu Merlos, Juan Pablo Monzon, Jorge L. Mercau, Miguel Taboada, Fernando H. Andrade, Antonio J. Hall, Esteban Jobbagy, Kenneth Cassman, Patricio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Favorable climate and soils for rainfed crop production, together with a relatively low population density,results in 70–90% of Argentina grain production being exported. No assessment to date has tried to estimate the potential for extra grain production for soybean, wheat and maize, which account for 78%of total harvested area, by yield gap closure on existing cropland area and its impact at a global scale.The objectives of this paper are (i) to estimate how much additional grain could be produced without expanding crop area by closing yield gaps in Argentina, (ii) to investigate how this production and yield gaps varies across …

Association Of Digital Photo Parameters And Ndvi With Winter Wheat Grain Yield In Variable Environments, Alexey Morgounov, Nurberdi Gummadov, Savaş Belen, Yüksel Kaya, Mesut Keser, Jamala Mursalova

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is gaining popularity as a complementary selection tool, even though it requires an instrument not readily available in the developing world. We evaluated several parameters (originating from the analysis of digital photos using BreedPix software) as potential selection criteria in 23 winter wheat yield trials grown over 4 years at 2 sites. NDVI and digital photos were taken at key development stages from stem elongation to maturity. The correlations between digital photo parameters a and u and grain yield, as well as correlations between NDVI and grain yield within individual trials, varied depending on …

Effect Of Cereal Cyst Nematode Heterodera Avenae (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) On Yield Of Some Spring Wheat Varieties In Adana Province, Turkey, Mustafa İmren, İbrahi̇m Hali̇l Elekci̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae is found predominantly in the spring wheat-growing areas in Adana Province in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. The impact of H. avenae on wheat yield has been observed but not quantified. This study was conducted to determine the effect of H. avenae on the yield of 6 wheat varieties in the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 growing seasons in the naturally infested fields of Adana. According to our results, H. avenae significantly suppressed grain yield of the wheat varieties, ranging from 4.3% to 25.7%. Negative or positive linear regressions between the reproduction factor of H. avenae …

Effects Of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles In Cereals: Insights Into The Toxicity Mechanisms And Macromolecular Modifications, Cyren Mendoza Rico

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Despite the inundation of studies on the interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with plants, investigations involving complete life cycle (i.e from seedling establishment to full maturity) are still lacking. Assessments on the nutritional value of plants cultivated to full maturity in ENMs-treated soil are also missing. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) have significant interactions with plants; however, there are no life cycle studies yet on their implications in cereals like rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). These cereals are globally important crops that support the economic activity, and nutritional and health needs of billions …

The Role Of Speculators In Recent Price Volatility In Wheat Futures Markets, Jacob Delane Holloway

Student Theses and Dissertations

Investors in the agricultural futures markets have been blamed for the recent price spikes. Consequently, policies have been proposed to curb speculation in these markets. This study evaluates "excessive" speculation or the lack thereof in the US wheat markets using hedging ratios, speculative ratios, Working's speculative `T' index and Granger causality tests to examine the investment activities of commodity index traders. The study results show that there is no "excess" speculation in the US wheat markets over the 2006-2011 periods. Indeed, the speculation levels found in this study are not significantly different from historical results reported in other studies and …

Seed Priming Improves Irrigation Water Use Efficiency, Yield, And Yield Components Of Late-Sown Wheat Under Limited Water Conditions, Hakoomat Ali, Nadeem Iqbal, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad, Naeem Sarwar, Shakeel Ahmad, Athar Mehmood

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A randomized complete block design field study with split plot arrangements was conducted during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 at the Agronomic Research Station in Khanewal, Pakistan, to evaluate if seed priming could improve grain yield and water use efficiency of late-sown wheat under limited water supply conditions. Seeds of cultivar Inqlab-91 received one of the following treatments: they were soaked in aerated distilled water for 12 or 24 h (hydropriming), layered between moist gunny bags for 12 or 24 h (matriconditioning), soaked in tap water for 12 h (on-farm priming), or hydroprimed for 12 h and then kept at -20 °C …

Evaluation Of Yield And Quality Parameters Of Phosphorous-Solubilizing And N-Fixing Bacteria Inoculated In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), Sancar Bulut

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Considering current agricultural practices and certain indicators, it is impossible to comment on sustainability of these practices. Chemical fertilizers are among such unsustainable practices. Because of increasing mineral fertilizer costs and negative environmental impacts of these fertilizers, the interest in biological nitrogen fixation is increasing within the scope of sustainable agriculture (without significant yield losses). Therefore, effects of phosphorus-solubilizing (Bacillus megatherium var. phosphaticum [M-13]) and nitrogen-fixing (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia [82] and Ralstonia pickettii [73]) bacteria and chemical fertilizer treatments on wheat yield and quality parameters were compared with control treatment in present study. Significant differences were observed among treatments with regard …

Evaluation Of Efficiency Parameters Of Phosphorous-Solubilizing And N-Fixing Bacteria Inoculations In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), Sancar Bulut

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Chemical fertilizers play a significant role in increasing plant production; however, they may have a negative impact on soil fertility and cause environmental degradation in cases of excessive use. In addition, the highest levels in chemical fertilizer use have already been reached, and further yield increases do not seem possible. Due to their negative impact on soils and the environment, alternatives to chemical fertilizers are needed. Today, biological alternatives are yielding promising outcomes. Biological nitrogen fixation may constitute a significant alternative in organic farming. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of single, dual, and triple combinations of phosphorus-solubilizing [Bacillus …

Nutrient Partitioning And Grain Yield Of Tanam-Rnai Wheat Under Abiotic Stress, Mary J. Guttieri, Ricardo J. Stein, Brian M. Waters

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Aims — Decreased expression of TaNAM genes by RNAi results in delayed senescence and decreased grain protein, iron, and zinc concentrations. Here, we determined whether NAM expression level alters onset of senescence under stress conditions, whether delayed senescence in the TaNAM-RNAi line resulted in improved tolerance to post-anthesis abiotic stress, and determined the effects of post-anthesis abiotic stress on N and mineral remobilization and partitioning to grain.

Methods — Greenhouse-grown WT and TaNAM-RNAi wheat were characterized in two studies: three levels of N fertility or water limitation during grain fill. Studies were conducted under both optimal and heat stress …

Estimating Crop Yield Potential At Regional To National Scales, Justin Van Wart, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Shaobing Peng, Maribeth Milner, Kenneth Cassman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

World population will increase 35% by 2050, which may require doubling crop yields on existing farm land to minimize expansion of agriculture into remaining rainforests, wetlands, and grasslands. Whether this is possible depends on closing the gap between yield potential (Yp, yield without pest, disease, nutrient or water stresses, or Yw under water-limited rainfed conditions) and current average farm yields in both developed and developing countries. Quantifying the yield gap is therefore essential to inform policies and prioritize research to achieve food security without environmental degradation. Previous attempts to estimate Yp and Yw at a global level have been too …

The Influence Of Different Cover Types On American Robin Nest Success In Organic Agroecosystems, John E. Quinn, Amy Oden, James R. Brandle

Biology Publications

There are many opportunities for biodiversity conservation in organic farm systems. Successful and sustainable conservation efforts in organic systems, however, need to measure appropriate outcomes. In particular, data are needed on the breeding success of associated wildlife species. We measured nesting success of the American Robin (Turdus migratorius) in woodlands embedded within eight organic farms in eastern Nebraska. We modeled daily nest survival rate to identify land use and land cover patterns that optimize conservation of birds in organic farm systems. The percentage of a crop in the fields adjacent to linear woodlands best predicted daily survival rate. …

Differences In Some Physical And Chemical Properties Of Wheat Grains From Different Parts Within The Spike, Hüseyi̇n Boz, Kami̇l Emre Gerçekaslan, Mehmet Murat Karaoğlu, Hali̇s Gürbüz Kotancilar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

There is not enough information on the distribution of grain components from different areas within a spike of wheat. The aim of this study was to determine how grain position affects some physical and chemical properties of grains. Grain size, thousand-grain and hectoliter weight, Zeleny sedimentation, falling number, wheat color, grain hardness, wet and dry gluten contents, and protein and ash contents were determined in grains from different parts of the spike (bottom, middle, and top) in Karasu-90, Palandöken-97, Yıldırım, Bezostaya-1, and Doğu-88 wheat varieties. Grain position in the spike had a significant effect on some physical and chemical properties …

Correlation Between The Protein Content And Mechanical Properties Of Wheat, Mehmet Başlar, Fati̇h Kalkan, Mazhar Kara, Mustafa Fati̇h Ertugay

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The mechanical properties of wheat varieties are important in the milling industry. This study investigated the correlation between the protein content of 5 wheat varieties and their mechanical properties of rupture force, energy absorbed, and hardness. Based on correlation coefficients, a strong correlation was found between the protein content of all wheat varieties investigated and their mechanical properties. The correlation levels between the protein content and rupture force, energy absorbed, and hardness were r = 0.953, 0.883, and 0.884 for X-X load orientation and r = 0.955, 0.963, and 0.954 for Y-Y load orientation, respectively.

Some Quality Characteristics Of Selected Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum) Landraces, Abdulvahi̇t Sayaslan, Mehmet Koyuncu, Ahmet Yildirim, Tuğba Güleç, Özlem Ateş Sönmezoğlu, Nejdet Kandemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Durum wheat (Triticum durum) is primarily used for the production of high-quality pasta products because of its certain superior characteristics. Wheat landraces are locally adapted diverse populations evolved through natural selection and are invaluable genetic resources for breeding programs. The search for new genetic resources all around the world has been underway to develop high-quality durum wheats. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the pasta quality-associated characteristics of 12 durum wheat landraces (Bağacak, Beyaziye, İskenderiye, Sorgül, Karakılçık, Beyaz Buğday, Ağ Buğdayı, Bintepe, Havrani, Çalıbasan, Hacı Halil, and Akçakale) compared to 2 well-established high-quality durum wheat cultivars, Kyle …

Stem Reserve Accumulation And Mobilization In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) As Affected By Sowing Date And N – P – K Levels Under Mediterranean Conditions, Amir Aynehband, Maryam Valipoor, Esfandiar Fateh

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Some parts of the dry matter accumulated in the wheat stem during the vegetative period are translocated to grain during the grain-filling period. This study assesses the changes in dry matter accumulation in wheat, and the translocation of different internodes of the main stem as affected by some cultural practices. Field experiments, including 3 sowing dates (early, conventional, and late), and 4 N - P - K levels, F_1 - (0 - 0 - 0), F_2 - (110 - 90 - 80), F_3 - (70 - 50 - 40) and F_4 - (150 - 130 - 120), were conducted at …

Allelopathic Potential Of Euphorbia Helioscopia L. Against Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) And Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medic.), Asif Tanveer, Aqeel Rehman, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid, Rana Nadeem Abbas, Muhammad Sibtain, Azraf Ul Haq Ahmad, Muhammad Sahid Ibin-I-Zamir, K. M. Chaudhary, A. Aziz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Studies investigating the allelopathic effect of root, stem, leaf, and fruit water extracts and infested soil of Euphorbia helioscopia L. on the seed germination and seedling growth of wheat, chickpea, and lentil were conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Water extracts of root, stem, leaf, and fruit were prepared by soaking dried plant parts of E. helioscopia in water (1:20 w/v) for a period of 24 h. Seedling emergence, seedling vigor index, and total dry weight of wheat, chickpea, and lentil seedlings were significantly reduced when these crops were grown in soil taken from an E. helioscopia …

Wheat Invest. A Compelling Business Case For Investment In The Western Australian Wheat Industry, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

Western Australia (WA) is an ideal location for wheat production. It has competitive advantages including:

• A proven track record in wheat production accounting for approximately 50 per cent of Australia's production. Based on a five year average from 2003/04 to 2007/08*, WA produces around 7.7 million tonnes of wheat per year.

• Over the past five years, the top 25 per cent of farmers averaged 10 per cent return on capital excluding changes in land value.

• Export focussed due to WA's small population. 90 per cent of WA's wheat is exported

• Abundant land at competitive prices and …

Field Resistance Of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Genotypes From Different Countries To Leaf Rust (Puccinia Triticina), Beyhan Akin, Nusret Zenci̇rci̇, İzzet Özseven

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Puccinia triticina causes leaf rust in wheat and results in severe yield losses in mild wheat growing areas of Turkey: Thrace, Marmara, Mediterranean, and Çukurova. A feasible way to avoid any damage is to grow slow rusting cultivars. We evaluated 94 wheat genotypes from different countries and 39 leaf rust differentials for their reactions to leaf rust field epidemics. Slow rusting, though, requires both the prediction of Lr genes in the greenhouse and an effective screening of genotypes against the leaf rust field epidemics; the evaluation at the sites regularly favoring leaf rust epidemics like Adapazarı is also possible. Various …

Ec07-101 2007 Spring Seed Guide, Lenis Alton Nelson, Bruce Anderson, Robert N. Klein, Richard B. Ferguson, David D. Baltensperger, Charles A. Shapiro, Stevan Z. Knezevic, James Krall

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This circular is a progress report of variety and hybrid performance tests conducted by the Agronomy/Horticulture Department, the Northeast, West Central and Panhandle Research and Extension Centers, the South Central Agricultural Laboratory as part of the University of Nebraska and University of Wyoming at Torrington. Conduct of experiments and publication of results is a joint effort of the Agricultural Research Division and the Cooperative Extension Service. The following pages include the results of our variety testing programs for many crop species throughtout the state. We hope you find this information useful as you make hybrid and variety decisions for next …

Synergistic Effects Of The Inoculation With Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria And An Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus On The Performance Of Wheat, Mohammad Saghir Khan, Almas Zaidi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The synergistic effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus fasciculatum) on plant growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of wheat plants were determined in field conditions. The triple inoculation of Azotobacter chroococcum with Bacillus and Glomus fasciculatum significantly increased the dry matter by 2.6-fold above the control. Grain yield of plants inoculated with A. chroococcum together with Bacillus sp. and G. fasciculatum was 2-fold higher than that of non-inoculated plants, at 135 days after sowing (DAS). The maximum increase in grain protein (255.2 mg g^{-1}) was observed in plants inoculated with A. chroococcum with Bacillus sp., …

Wheat Middling Versus Alfalfa Hay Supplements For Lactating Beef Cows Wintered On Ammoniated Wheat Straw, R. D. Wiedmeier

All Current Publications

Most cow-calf producers in areas with substantial winter snow cover remain dependent on mechanically harvested and stored forages to winter their cow herds.

Inheritance Of Cold Tolerance In Common Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), Omid Sofalian, Seyyed Abolghasem Mohammadi, Saeid Aharizad, Mohammad Moghaddam, Mohammad Reza Shakiba

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Low temperature is one of the most severe abiotic stresses limiting wheat growth, productivity, and distribution. Understanding the genetic nature of cold and frost tolerance is regarded as the primary step in wheat breeding programs. This study used a winter wheat cultivar, Norstar, which has a high level of cold tolerance (LT_{50} = -22.3 ºC), and a highly cold-susceptible Iranian spring wheat variety, Zagros (LT_{50} = -3.5 °C), as parental lines to develop different generations. Seven generations, P_1, P_2, F_1, F_2, F_{2:3}, BC_1, and BC_2, were used for generation mean and generation variance analysis for estimating genetic effects and variances, …

Potential Impacts Of Climate Change On Agricultural Land Use Suitability : Wheat, Dennis Van Gool, Luke Vernon

Resource management technical reports

This publication considers the impact of climate change on wheat crops. While a model was first used, it was only partially validated against real data, hence the model is now used as a decision support system that allows people with crop, land resource and climate knowledge to determine potential impacts of climate change on crop growth and production in Western Australia.